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Euler diagram showing a typical classification of sounds (in IPA) and their manners of articulation and phonological features

Vowels

		Frontness
		Front	Central	Back
Openness	Close ◌̝	i	ɨ	u
	Mid	e	ə	o
	Open ◌̞		ä

Some American and British English examples

	Front		Back
	Unround	Round	Unound	Round
Close	i	y	ɯ	u

Consonants

		Place
		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal / Palato- alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Manner	Plosive / Affricate	p	t	t͡ʃ	k	ʔ
	Fricative	f	s	ʃ	x	h
	Approximant	w	l	j	ɰ
	Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ

Hindustani stops. Derived: Phonetics from UCLA.edu but re-recorded.

Dental stops

[tal tʰal dal dʱaɾ]

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		Alveolar
		Unvoiced	Voiced
Plosive	Aspirated / Breathy	tʰ	dʱ
	plain / Voiced	t	d
	Ejective / Implosive	tʼ	ɗ

Full charts

IPA vowel chart with audio
IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio This is the big chart for consonants. There's no such thing as a chart with 'everything', but this has quite a lot.
Diacritic marks like ◌̪ ◌ʰ ◌̃ ◌ʷ ◌ʲ ◌ˠ
The charts by JB Dowse have recordings for a wide range of sounds. Some common ones are missing and some uncommon ones are present.
The Ling Space has a whole series of videos on phonology, among other topics.

Vowels

Consonants

Full charts

Some different sizes of consonant inventory