User:Omimalahrach
I´m an Erasmus student from Italy.
Klima
[edit]Auf Hiddensee herrscht makroklimatisch Ostseeküstenklima mit häufigem Wechsel zwischen maritimen und kontinentalen Einflüssen. Charakteristisch sind dabei häufige, lebhafte und wechselnde Winde und eine lange Sonnenscheindauer. Sie beträgt im Durchschnitt 1850 Stunden pro Jahr. Damit nimmt Hiddensee eine Spitzenstellung in Deutschland ein. Eine Besonderheit ist bei schwachen, ablandigen Windverhältnissen die so genannte transperiodische Windzirkulation, die durch die unterschiedlichen Temperaturen über dem Meer und dem Land entsteht. Dabei setzt ein Seewind am späten Vormittag ein, der am Nachmittag oder Abend wieder nachlässt.
Die langjährige Jahresmitteltemperatur liegt auf der Insel bei 8 °C. Die mittlere Windgeschwindigkeit im Ort Kloster beträgt 7 m/s. Im Vergleich zur nahe gelegenen Insel Rügen ist die jährliche Niederschlagsmenge auf Hiddensee deutlich geringer und liegt bei 540 Millimeter.
Im Jahr 2008 war, wie der Wetterdienst Meteomedia mitteilte, Hiddensee-Dornbusch mit 2168 Sonnenstunden der sonnenreichste Ort in Deutschland.[1] Die Daten wurden durch eine Meteomediaeigene Wetterstation (54°36′N 13°07′E / 54.60°N 13.12°E; 69 m above NN) gesammelt.
Climate
[edit]Macro-climatically there is a Baltic sea coast climate on Hiddensee, with frequent changes between maritime and continental influences. Characteristically there are frequent, vigorous alternating winds and long hours of sunlight. These amount to 1850 hours on average per year. This makes Hiddensee one of the sunniest places in Germany. A distinctive feature is so-called trans-periodic wind circulation, weak offshore wind conditions which emerges due to the different temperatures over sea and land. A sea breeze sets in in the late morning, which then ceases in the afternoon or evening.
The longstanding yearly average temperature on the island is 8°C. The average wind speed in the village of Kloster is 7 m/s. In comparison with the nearby island of Rügen, the yearly rainfall count on Hiddensee is much lower at 540 millimeters.
In 2008, as the weather service Meteomedia disclosed, Hiddensee-Dornbusch was the sunniest place in Germany, with 2168 hours of sunshine. The data was collected by Meteomedia's own weather station (54.60°N 13.12°E; 69 m above NN).
Anna and Oumaima
Vom 19. Jahrhundert bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs
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Ab 1815 gehörte Hiddensee mit Vorpommern bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges zu Preußen und war dem Landkreis Rügen (bis 1939 Kreis Rügen) zugeordnet. Im Jahr 1835 erwarb das Stralsunder Kloster zum Heiligen Geist die Insel, und 1837 bzw. 1840 wurden in Plogshagen und Kloster die ersten Schulen auf der Insel gebaut. In den Jahren zwischen 1854 und 1864 kam es im Rahmen der Ablösung der Reallasten (Bauernbefreiung) auch auf Hiddensee zu einer Neuordnung der Grundstücksverhältnisse. Während jener Zeit, ab 1861, wurde mit der Wiederaufforstung des Dornbuschs begonnen.
In den Jahren 1864 und 1872 wurde die Insel von schweren Sturmhochwassern heimgesucht. Beim ersten Hochwasser zerbrach Hiddensee durch eine vollständige Überflutung des Mittelteils in zwei Teile, was nur durch umfangreiche Aufbaumaßnahmen wieder rückgängig gemacht werden konnte. Nach dem zweiten Sturmhochwasser soll der Hiddenseer Goldschmuck, eine Wikingerarbeit aus dem 10. Jahrhundert, gefunden worden sein. Eine Replik davon kann man heute im „Heimatmuseum Hiddensee“ besichtigen, das Original wird im Kulturhistorischen Museum Stralsund verwahrt.[2]
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Aquarell auf Papier von Ernst Thoms, 1937
Im Jahr 1874 wurde im Deutschen Reich der Amtsbezirk Hiddensee gebildet. 1875 „entdeckte“ der Maler Gustav Schönleber das schwer zugängliche Hiddensee. 1888 wurden in Kloster der Leuchtturm auf dem Dornbusch, der Hafen sowie die Seenotrettungsstation fertiggestellt. Ab 1892 verkehrten erstmals regelmäßig Dampfer zwischen Stralsund und Kloster. Ab 1905, mit Gründung des Arztzweckverbandes, erhielt der erste Arzt auf Hiddensee seine Zulassung. 1927 wurde die Insel an das Stromnetz angeschlossen. Drei Jahre später wurde die Biologische Forschungsstation gegründet, aus der 1936 zusammen mit einer Vogelwarte die Biologische Forschungsanstalt Hiddensee entstand. Zwischen 1937 und 1939 schlossen sich die drei Gemeinden auf der Insel zur Gemeinde Hiddensee zusammen.
From the 19th Century to the end of the Second World War
[edit]From 1815 to the end of the Second World War, Hiddensee and Western Pomerania belonged to Prussia and was part of the county of Landkreis Rügen. In 1835 the Stralsund Abbey Kloster zum Heiligen Geist' of Stralsund bought the island. The first schools on the island were built in Plogshagen and Kloster, in 1837 and 1840 respectively. Between the years of 1854 and 1864, due to the emancipation of the serfs, land relations on Hiddensee were reallocated. The reforestation of Dornbruch began from the year 1861 onwards.
In the years 1864 and 1872, the island was hit by Baltic sea floods. During the first flood, Hiddensee was broken into two parts due to a complete flooding of the central area, which could only be reversed through extensive construction measures. After the second storm flood, the Hiddensee treasure, a Viking piece from the 10th Century was uncovered. A replica of this can be seen today in the Hiddensee Local History Museum, while the original remains in the the Stralsund Museum of Cultural History.
In 1874, the district of Hiddensee was created. In 1875 the painter Gustav Schönleber "discovered" the almost inaccessible Hiddensee. In 1888 the lighthouse was constructed in Kloster and the lifeboat station was finished.From 1892 the first steamboats travelled regularly between Stralsund and Kloster. From 1905, with the foundation of the medical association, the first doctor on Hiddensee obtained his licence. In 1927 the island was connected to the electricity network. Three years later the Biologic Research Station was founded, in 1936 with an ornothological institute "Biologic Research Insitution of Hiddensee" was founded. Between 1937 and 1939 the three communities on the island were merged into the "Community of Hiddensee."
Tempio di Santo Stefano della Vittoria
[edit]Il tempio di Santo Stefano della Vittoria è un edificio sacro che si trova in località Pozzo della Chiana a Foiano della Chiana, in provincia di Arezzo.
The Temple of Santo Stefano della Vittoria is a holy building located in Pozzo della Chiana, which is a small village near Foiano della Chiana in the province of Arezzo.
Il tempio
[edit]Questo tempietto dedicato alla Vittoria venne fatto costruire dal granduca Cosimo I de' Medici presso la piana di Scannagallo, dove (1554) le truppe della coalizione imperiale sconfissero quelle franco-senesi nella Battaglia di Scannagallo, durante la Guerra di Siena.
Il tempio è tradizionalmente attribuito a Bartolommeo Ammannati, ma è stato recentemente riconnesso alla collaborazione professionale tra Giorgio Vasari e l'Ammannati stesso. L'edificio venne realizzato nel 1569 sulla base di una planimetria ottagona con scarsella di matrice tipicamente fiorentina utilizzando una serie di motivi decorativi di matrice antiquaria.
In linea con le più aggiornate sperimentazioni manieristiche si mostra l'uso dell'ordine dorico, posto a scandire i pilastri esterni.
Sopra il frontone della porta principale è collocato un grandioso stemma in travertino di casa Medici, recante l'iscrizione latina del suo nuovo titolo. Sulla porta all'interno si vede lo stemma della famiglia Gianfigliazzi. Le pareti laterali mostrano due epigrafi in lingua latina dedicate all'istituzione dell'ordine dei Cavalieri di Santo Stefano, istituito a Pisa nel 1561, fondato dal duca (già Gran Maestro) con il fine di proteggere le acque del Tirreno dai Corsari barbareschi[3], a cui il tempio stesso venne donato.[4]
Nel 1565 le galee dei cavalieri di Santo Stefano parteciparono alla spedizione in difesa di Malta.
Nel 1571, dopo la grave sconfitta di Venezia in seguito alla perdita di Cipro occupata dai Turchi, per fronteggiare il pericolo della loro espansione nelle coste e nelle isole dell'Europa occidentale, il papa Pio V riuscì a promuovere una difficile alleanza coinvolgendo le maggiori potenze marittime europee nella costituzione della Lega Santa.[5] La Lega con a capo l'ammiraglio Don Giovanni d'Austria era formata da galee spagnole, veneziane, genovesi e galee della flotta pontificia. Quest'ultima, posta sotto il comando di Marcantonio Colonna, comprendeva galee armate dalle signorie toscane[6] con a bordo equipaggi dei cavalieri di Santo Stefano.
The small temple is dedicated to Victoria, who is the personified goddess of victory and the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike. The temple was built by Grand Duchy of Tuscany Cosimo I de Medici on the plain of Scannagallo, where (in 1554) the troops of the Imperial Coalition defeated the French-Senese troops in the Battle of Scannagallo, during the War of Siena.
The construction of the temple is traditionally attributed to the Italian architect and sculptor Bartolommeo Ammannati, but has recently been linked to the professional collaboration between two Italian artists, Ammannati himself and Giorgio Vasari. It was built in 1569 on the form of an octagonal planimetry with a typically Florentine apse, and it also includes a series of ancient ornaments.
The use of Doric order is in line with the latest European art style of Mannerism. It also articulates the exterior columns of the temple.
The frontal pediment contains the House of Medici coat of arms, and it also contains the Latin script of the new family title.
Inside the temple, above the door, you can see the Gianfigliazzi family coat of arms. On the walls, there are two Latin epigraphs dedicated to the institution Ordine dei Cavalieri di Santo Stefano, founded in Pisa in 1561 by the Duke (already Grand Master), with the purpose of protecting the Tyrrhenian Sea from Barbary pirates[7], to whom the temple was previously donated.[8]
In 1565 the Cavalieri di Santo Stefano Galleys participated in an expedition to defend Malta.
In 1571, Venice suffered a serious defeat, due to the loss of Cipro, that was occupied by Turks. Pope Pio V established a difficult alliance involving the major European maritime powers, creating the Holy League[9], in order to deal with the danger of the Turks´ expansion along the coast and islands of Western Europe. Spanish, Venetian and Genoese Galleys, as well as the pontifical naval fleet formed the League, led by the Admiral Don Giovanni d'Austria. The pontifical naval fleet, captained by Marcantonio Colonna, was composed of galleys armed by the Tuscan Signoria [10] , crewed by Cavalieri di Santo Stefano.
Note
[edit]- ^ Sonnenschein. Rügen hält die Spitze. In: Südkurier vom 3. Januar 2009
- ^ Claudia Hoffmann: Der Goldschmuck von Hiddensee. In: WELT-KULTUR-ERBE. Nr. 01/2009, OCLC 265909878
- ^ G. Spini, Disegno storico della Civiltà Italiana, Roma, 1958
- ^ Ibidem, p.162.
- ^ F. Palmieri, Op, Cit, p.142.
- ^ G. Spini, Disegno storico della Civiltà Italiana, Roma, 1958
- ^ G. Spini, Disegno storico della Civiltà Italiana, Roma, 1958
- ^ Ibidem, p.162.
- ^ F. Palmieri, Op, Cit, p.142.
- ^ G. Spini, Disegno storico della Civiltà Italiana, Roma, 1958
Voci correlate
[edit]Altri progetti
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Collegamenti esterni
[edit]Stefano della Vittoria (Foiano) Categoria:Architetture di Bartolomeo Ammannati
Study Record
[edit]Weekly Progess
[edit]| 24.04.19 | After course introduction, created my own Wikipedia account and started my first translation of Hiddensee article with Anna (you can find the article's link on my professor's page); | 90 min. |
| 08.05.19 | After comparing and correcting my translation, started translating another section with Anna.; | 90 min. |
| 15.05.19 | We compared and corrected the translation | 90 min. |
| 22.05.19 | I published a translation and started to look for another one to translation | 90 min. |
| 29.05.19 | Started a new translation of an untranslated Wikipedia page, Tempio di Santo Stefano della Vittoria, from Italian to English (with Giuseppe) | 90 min. |
| 05.06.19 | We compared, corrected and published the translation of Tempio di Santo Stefano della Vittoria | 90 min. |
| 19.06.19 | I started a new translation "Schloss Binningen (Schweiz)". | 90 min. |
| 26.06.19 | We continued with the translation "Schloss Binningen (Schweiz)". | 90 min. |
| 03.07.19 | I done my presentation with Giuseppe. | 90 min. |
| 24.07.19 | I checked all my work, published a translation with Giuseppe and checked my time table. | 90 min. |