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Gambling in Thailand Gambling, other than betting on horse-races events the government-approved Thai lottery, is prohibited in Thailand. The prohibition dates back to the Gambling Act 1935. The Playing Cards Act prohibits the private ownership of more than 120 playing cards that were not approved by the government.
Nevertheless, illegal gambling in casinos (Thai: บ่อนการพนัน) or other forms of gambling still exist in Bangkok and others provincial towns.[1]
History[edit]
Gambling has long been a feature of Thai society. Local Siamese partook in more than 100 well known gambling games[2]. Some gambling forms such as betting on cockfights, bullfights and boat races are native to Siamese culture.[3]
The late nineteenth century marked a significant increase in the level of gambling in Siam, people started to gamble more frequent and variety of games were introduced from foreign traders and immigrants and gambling started to hit the mainstream. It was during that period that the Huay lottery was introduced from China and became popular in Siam.[3]
Over the course of decades the Government of Thailand allowed legal gambling dens. During the reign of King Rama III, the Government of Thailand promoted legal gambling dens as a source of government revenue. These legal dens were then closed down to ensure lesser criminal activity and bankruptcy related to gambling. During the Reign of King Rama V Gambling was forbidden in the south and all the remaining dens were closed on 1st April 1917.
The Gambling Act in Thailand was first passed in 1930 and revised in 1935. During the premiership of Khuang Aphaiwong , the ministry of finance was assigned by the government to legalized gambling in Pran buri District, Prachuap Khiri Khan province and became an official promoter of gambling. However, this period of legalization of casinos did not last very long. Under an attack from the media and public, the Government of Thailand decided to abandon the attempt to earn additional revenue from casinos and control gambling once again.[3]
Gambling forms[edit]
Casinos Industry[edit]
In Thailand Casino is commonly known as Bon Kan Phanan. Despite the law against gambling . illegal casinos are wide spread in Thailand. The first large scale gambling houses were established in Ayutthaya by the government in the late 17th century or early 18th century as a result of the steady growth of Chinese population. During the 19th century the number of gambling houses grew in tandem with the population of Chinese immigrant. To promote the settlement and taxation of the Chinese population in Thailand, Thai government support the activity of gambling amongst Chinese immigrants. As a result of this endorsement the local Siamese were also inadvertently encouraged to gamble as well. After the Gambling Act in Thailand was first passed in 1930 casinos were banned completely and gambling was prohibited in Thai society.[1]
Lottery[edit]
Lottery was introduced to Thailand by Chinese immigrants in 1820. Commonly known to the local as ‘huay’. The term huay are a direct translation of Chinese word huā (Chinese:花) :flower. In the beginning huay was mainly played among the community of Chinese immigrants in Thailand . It was then officially established during the Reign of King Rama III to stimulate the circulation of currency as well as a campaign to generate national revenue.[1]
Government Lottery[edit]
In the reign of King Rama VI, the Government of Thailand introduced lottery draws as a device for tax collection. In 1939 the government of Luang Phibun Songkram set up the Lottery Bureau to organize a regular monthly draw in Thailand. It was then extended to twice a month in 1989. Draws normally happen twice a month on the 1st and 16th. There are a total of thirty-eight million tickets per round. 28 percent of the sales value of the lottery ticket is retained as government revenue, 12 percent in administration and management and 60 percent is returned to players as prizes.[1]
Gambling on sport[edit]
Football is the most recent form of illegal gambling in Thailand. As a result of of technology such as online transaction, satellite TV, Internet and mobile phone betting system football gambling has become widely spread among the population of Thailand. During the 2010 South Africa World cup, over 1700 people were arrested for gambling offense.[3]
Social issue[edit]
There has long been proscription against gambling within Thai society . In Buddhism Gambling is one of four vices which lead to self ruin or destruction. In Thai this concept is known as abaiyamuk ( อบายมุข), the ‘portals of hell’. For the layperson gambling is something to be avoided if one wishes to be free from suffering. Thai people often cite an old proverb “Ten lost to fire is not equivalent to one lost in gambling” which reflects the variety of social problems revolve around gambling in Thai culture. This may include violent crime in relation to illegal gambling, financial problems such as repaying debts and gambling addiction. Despite the prohibition, gambling still remains a major part in Thai people life. Thai people often gamble in various ceremonies and festivals. According to Alan Klima study on funeral casinos in present day Thailand, gambling is used as an attraction for people to keep the deceased spirit company.[3]
There are only few psychological services available to those addicted such as Ministry of public health, Center of Gambling Studies. For Thai people gambling forms such as lotteries, casinos and football betting are view as a form of entertainment. Very few seek treatment from medical professionals as Thai people often view gambling as a social problem rather than a medical problem.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Phongpaichit,P. , Piriyarangsan, S. & Treerat,N. ( 1998): Guns ,girls ,gambling, ganja :Thailand Illegal Economy. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books.
- ^ Warren, J.A. (2013) Gambling: The State and Society in Thailand, C.1800-1945. Oxford: Routledge.
- ^ a b c d e f g Warren, J.A. (2013) Gambling: The State and Society in Thailand, C.1800-1945. Oxford: Routledge.
- ^ Apinuntavech S. (n.d.). เยาวชนกับการพนันในมุมมองของจิตแพทย์เด็กและวัยรุ่น Thailand:(n.p.).
- ^ Oxford Dictionary(2010) Manser,M.H. ,Yuan,Z. ,Liangbi,W., Yongchang,R.,Jingrong,W. (Eds.): Pocket Oxford Chinese Dictionary. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
- ^ Apinuntavech S. (2012): Consequences and Associated Factors of Youth Gambling .Retrieved from http://www2.ph.mahidol.ac.th/research/thai/jmedassocthai/Vol95_Suppl6/S21-S29_MD31.pdf
- ^ Phongpaichit,P.,. (1999). THAILAND'S ILLEGAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC POLICY. Paper presented at Centre of Southeast Asian Studies: Kyoto University.
External links[edit]
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