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Persecution of the Unification Church (preparation/source-storming)

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As the article is locked I decided to describe it here. Original debate: here. Could be described:


Persecution (of the Unification Church - part to be added to the article)

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Europe

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In November 1995, German authorities blacklisted the founders of the Unification Church (Reverend Sun Myung Moon, and his wife, Hak Ja Han Moon) through the Schengen Information System and thus forbid entry to 12 European countries.[12] The period of exclusion was extended several times.[13][14] After 12 years on October 24th, 2006 German Federal Constitutional Court ruled, that previous court rulings and authorities' treatment of the Unification Church in the period from November 1995 violated Article 4 paragraph 1 (Freedom of faith and conscience is inviolable) and paragraph 2 (undisturbed practice is guaranteed) of the German Constitution and is repealed must reimburse the UC for the necessary expenses (articles 2 and 3 of the ruling). Also stated, that the authorities' defense was based on rumors and assumptions (article 15 of the ruling) and the previous ruling of the Higher Administrative Court was based on weighting religious matters, which is not permitted by state authorities (article 27 of the ruling).[15] Court by this decision rejects with immediate effect the rationale of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior for the 1995 immigration exclusion and not granting an entry visa.[16][17]

France

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In March 1982, a 21-year-old woman Claire Château on the central street of Dijon while distributing brochures, pulled into a moving car shouting for help. After a medical-psychological examination showed that Mrs. Château enjoyed perfect mental health with no traces of alleged "brainwashing", 7 people, family members, and ADFI "professional deprogrammers" were accused by the Dijon Regional Criminal Investigation Department (Service Régional de Police Judiciaire de Dijon) of kidnapping under §341 of the French Penal Code to the Besançon Court of Justice.[4][5] The case contributed to the gradual abandonment of abductions and deprogramming attempts.[18]

Russia

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In 2000 Russia excluded Patrick Francis Nolan from reentry to Russia, holding him captive at the airport overnight based on FSB material on countering non-traditional religions. The visa was repeatedly canceled on reentry without an explanation, which separated him from his son, who stayed in Russia, for almost one year. European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in 2009 in the case Nolan and K. v. Russia stated, that Russia failed to comply or violated Articles 38§1a, 9, 8, 5§1, 5§5 and Article 1 of Protocol No. 7 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Convention) and decided that Russia should pay a sum of 7.810 € for damages.[19]

In 2005-2006 Russia forcibly expelled John Alphonsus Corley and Shuji Igarashi and separated them from their families staying in Russia. Mr. Igarashi was held in detention for 3 days in inhuman conditions. Newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta published an article "ComMoonism has come to the Urals" explaining the reason as "State campaign against the Unification Church". ECHR in 2022in the case Corley and Others v. Russia stated, that Russia violated Articles 1, 2, 9, 8, 3, and 5 of the Convention and decided that Russia should pay a sum of 30.270 € for damages.[20]

United States

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On Thanksgiving 1979, the parents of Thomas Ward, a 28-year-old man conspired with other 31 people to kidnap him (for the second time) and hold him captive for 35 days. He suffered verbal and physical abuse in attempts to "de-program" him of his religious beliefs. Attempts failed and 33 people heard the verdict on the crimes of conspiracy, battery, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and grand larceny. The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled on April 18, 1980, that federal civil rights laws protect against religious discrimination. The judgment contradicted the (then common) "parental immunity" principle in such cases.[6][7] Thomas J. Ward graduated in 1981 from the Unification Theological Seminary and in 2019 became its president.[8]

In 1991 Carlton Sherwood in his book Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon accused Congress, courts, state agencies, and the press of "worst kind of religious prejudice and racial bigotry" against the church, its leaders, and followers as determined attempt to erase the church from the United States.[21]

Behind the Iron Curtain

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In 1969 church missionaries were sent to communist Czechoslovakia and the movement started to grow. Until 1973 dozens of people participated in the meetings in more than 20 places and even sent their missionaries to other communist countries.[9] During the communist rule, believers were severely persecuted[10] and around 30 of them[9] were imprisoned with charges of up to five years.[10] Normal church life was restored after the fall of the communist regime in 1989.[22]

In 1973 State security reacted with an action called Familia[9] and a group of 19 young believers was arrested in Bratislava and 18 of them were sentenced to up to 5 years of imprisonment for "subverting the republic". One of the arrested, Marie Živná, died in prison under unclear circumstances on 11th April 1974 at the age of 24 years. Witnesses agree, that the official version of suicide was not technically possible and contradicted her mood. Archives opened after 1989 did not reveal, what happened.[11] Her parents witnessed, her hair turn grey during imprisonment.[23] In 1994, Marie Živná was officially recognized as a martyr of the church. The town of Svojanov mentions her as a martyred victim of the communist regime.[9][24][25]

Persecution of Jehova's Witness (Preparation)

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sources:

Persecution of Hare Krishna (Preparation)

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sources:

References used above

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  1. ^ Sherwood, Carlton (1991). "The story unfolds". Inquisition: the persecution and prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon. Washington, D.C: Regnery Gateway. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-0-89526-532-6.
  2. ^ Roux, Éric (2012). France 2012: inquisition en bande organisée (in French). Edition les 3 génies. p. 61. ISBN 978-2-917952-10-8.
  3. ^ "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". hudoc.echr.coe.int. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
  4. ^ a b Birman, Patricia (2005-04-01). "Fronteiras espirituais e fronteiras nacionais: o combate às seitas na França". Mana (in Portuguese). 11: 7–39. doi:10.1590/S0104-93132005000100001. ISSN 0104-9313.
  5. ^ a b "Sept personnes sont inculpées à Besançon pour avoir séquestré une adepte de Moon La secte à l'intention de se porter partie civile Un drame en trois actes". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1982-03-09. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
  6. ^ a b "Ward v. Connor, 495 F. Supp. 434 | Casetext Search + Citator". casetext.com. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  7. ^ a b "Court Rules Rights Laws Protect Against Religious Discrimination". Washington Post. 2024-03-02. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  8. ^ a b "History – HJI International". hji.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Beláňová, Andrea (2024-04-11). "Před 50 lety zemřela Marie Živná, mučednice Hnutí sjednocení". Náboženský infoservis (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-05-04.
  10. ^ a b c d "Nová náboženská hnutí (stručný úvod) [nová náboženská hnutí, sekty, nová religiozita]". www.david-zbiral.cz. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
  11. ^ a b "Ani padesát let po smrti Marie Živné není jasné, co se v komunistickém žaláři odehrálo - Novinky". www.novinky.cz (in Czech). 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
  12. ^ Barker, Eileen; Richardson, James T., eds. (2021). "Legal challenges posed to the Unification Church in Europe". Reactions to the law by minority religions. Routledge informs series on minority religions and spiritual movements. Londin New York: Taylor & Francis Group Routledge. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-367-69449-4.
  13. ^ "U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2002 - Germany". UNHCR Refworld. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  14. ^ "International Religious Freedom Report 2004, Germany". U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  15. ^ "BVerfG, Beschluss vom 24. 10. 2006 – 2 BvR 1908/03". lexetius.com. Archived from the original on 2024-03-04. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  16. ^ "2007 Report on International Religious Freedom - Germany". UNHCR Refworld. Archived from the original on 2024-03-04. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  17. ^ "Bundesverfassungsgericht - Presse - Erfolgreiche Verfassungsbeschwerde der deutschen Vereinigungskirche gegen Einreiseverbot für Ehepaar Mun". www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de. Archived from the original on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  18. ^ Birman_Patricia (2024-04-06). "Croyances et appartenances : un débat français". ethnographiques.org (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-06.
  19. ^ "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". hudoc.echr.coe.int. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
  20. ^ "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". hudoc.echr.coe.int. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ "Církev sjednocení". NOVÁ NÁBOŽENSKÁ HNUTÍ - Základní pojmy (in cz). Archived from the original on 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2024-05-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  23. ^ "First Martyr in Communist World Commemorated - Family Fed. NEWS / INSIGHTS". 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
  24. ^ "Marie Živná – Městys Svojanov" (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-05-04.
  25. ^ "Alois Živný – Městys Svojanov" (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-05-04.