User:UmbrellaTeal

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Dental/ Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Stop/ Affricate	p b	t d	tʃ dʒ		k ɡ	q	(ʔ)
Nasal	m	n
Fricative	f	s z	ʃ ʒ		x ɣ		h
Tap		ɾ
Approximant		l		j	w

• Stops /t, d/ are phonetically dental [t̪, d̪].
• A glottal stop /ʔ/ only appears in words of Arabic origin.
• A flap sound /ɾ/ may be realized as a trill sound [r], in some environments, mostly word-final position; otherwise, they contrast between vowels wherein a trill occurs as a result of gemination (doubling) of [ɾ], especially in loanwords of Arabic origin. Only [ɾ] occurs before and after consonants; in word-final position, it is usually a free variation between a flap or a trill when followed by a consonant or a pause, but flap is more common, only flap before vowel-initial words.
• As in many other languages, /n/ is realized as bilabial [m] before bilabial stops and as velar [ŋ] before velar stops.
• /f/ is voiced to [v] before voiced consonants.

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n
Plosive	p b	t d	k g
Fricative		s	h
Approximant		l	j

Vowels

(Urban Kabuli) Dari Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
Mid vowel	eː		oː
Low	a		ɑː

(Rural Kabuli) Dari Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
			ʊ
High-mid	e		o
Low-mid	ɛ
Low	a		ɑ