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Prostate cancer

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Diagram of prostate tumor pressing on urethra
Diagram of prostate tumor pressing on urethra

Prostate cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate. It is often detected through blood tests for prostate-specific antigen, followed by a biopsy. Most prostate tumors cause no health problems, and are managed with surveillance. Dangerous tumors can be surgically removed or destroyed with radiation therapy. Those whose cancer spreads receive hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and eventually chemotherapy. Most tumors are confined to the prostate, and 99% of men survive 10 years post-diagnosis. Those whose tumors have metastasized to distant body sites have a poorer prognosis; 30–40% are still alive five years after diagnosis. Each year 1.2 million men are diagnosed with prostate cancer and 350,000 die of the disease, making it the second-leading cause of cancer in men. Prostate tumors were first described in the mid-19th century. Hormone therapies were developed in the mid-20th century, resulting in Nobel Prizes for their developers Charles Huggins and Andrzej Schally. (Full article...)