William IV, Duke of Bavaria

William IV
Portrait by Hans Wertinger
Duke of Bavaria
Reign	18 March 1508 – 7 March 1550 co-regent Louis X
Predecessor	Albert IV
Successor	Albert V
Born	(1493-11-13)13 November 1493 Munich
Died	(1550-03-07)7 March 1550 Munich
Spouse	Jakobaea of Baden
Issue	Albert V, Duke of Bavaria Mechthild of Bavaria
House	House of Wittelsbach
Father	Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria
Mother	Kunigunde of Austria

William IV (German: Wilhelm IV; 13 November 1493 – 7 March 1550) was Duke of Bavaria from 1508 to 1550, until 1545 together with his younger brother Louis X, Duke of Bavaria. He was born in Munich to Albert IV and Kunigunde of Austria, a daughter of Emperor Frederick III.

Political activity

William IV of Bavaria

Though his father had determined the everlasting succession of the firstborn prince in 1506, his younger brother Louis refused a spiritual career with the argument that he was born before the edict became valid. With support of his mother and the States-General, Louis forced William to accept him as co-regent in 1516. Louis then ruled the districts of Landshut and Straubing, in general in concord with his brother.

William initially sympathized with the Reformation but changed his mind as it grew more popular in Bavaria. In 1522 William issued the first Bavarian religion mandate, banning the promulgation of Martin Luther's works. After an agreement with Pope Clement VII in 1524 William became a political leader of the German Counter reformation, although he remained in opposition to the Habsburgs since his brother Louis X claimed the Bohemian crown. Both dukes also suppressed the peasant uprising in South Germany in an alliance with the archbishop of Salzburg in 1525.

The conflict with Habsburg ended in 1534 when both dukes reached an agreement with Ferdinand I in Linz. William then supported Charles V in his war against the Schmalkaldic League in 1546. William's chancellor for 35 years was the forceful Leonhard von Eck.

Cultural activity

William was a significant collector and commissioner of art. Among other works he commissioned an important suite of paintings from various artists, including the Battle of Issus by Albrecht Altdorfer. This, like most of William's collection, is now housed in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. With his order to expand the Neuveste with the so-called Rundstubenbau and to set up the first Court Garden began the history of the Munich Residence as a representative palace. To the history cycle of the garden pavilion belonged Albrecht Altdorfer's painting. In 1546 he ordered to upgrade Dachau Palace from a Gothic ruin into a renaissance palace. In 1523 with the appointment of Ludwig Senfl began the rise of the Bavarian State Orchestra.

On 23 April 1516, before a committee consisting of gentry and knights in Ingolstadt, he issued his famous purity regulation for the brewing of Bavarian Beer, stating that only barley, hops, and water could be used. This regulation remained in force until it was abolished as a binding obligation in 1986 by Paneuropean regulations of the European Union.

William died in 1550 in Munich and was succeeded by his son Albert. He is buried in the Frauenkirche in Munich.

Family and children

Maria Jacobäa von Baden, wife of Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria (Hans Schöpfer I)

In 1522 William married Jakobaea of Baden (1507–1580), a daughter of Margrave Philip I of Baden and his consort Princess Elisabeth of Palatinate; they had four children:

1. Theodor of Bavaria (10 February 1526 – 8 July 1534)
2. Duke Albert V of Bavaria (1528–1579)
3. Wilhelm of Bavaria (17 February 1529 – 22 October 1530)
4. Mechthild of Bavaria (12 July 1532 – 2 November 1565), married in 1557 Philibert of Baden (1536–1569)

Also he had two illegitimate children: A son Knight Georg v.Hegnenberg (c.1509 – 1590) with Margarete Hausner v.Stettberg and a daughter Anna (died 1570) with an unknown woman

William is buried in the Frauenkirche in Munich.

External links

Hofkleiderbuch (Abbildung und Beschreibung der Hof-Livreen) des Herzogs Wilhelm IV. und Albrecht V. 1508–1551. (Court and Coat of Arms Book of Bavarian Dukes: William IV and Albert V) at the Bavarian State Library

Ancestors

William's ancestors in three generations

William IV, Duke of Bavaria	Father: Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria	Paternal Grandfather: Albert III, Duke of Bavaria	Paternal Great-grandfather: Ernest, Duke of Bavaria
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Elisabetta Visconti
		Paternal Grandmother: Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck	Paternal Great-grandfather: Erich I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen
	Mother: Kunigunde of Austria	Maternal Grandfather: Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor	Maternal Great-grandfather: Ernest, Duke of Austria
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Cymburgis of Masovia
		Maternal Grandmother: Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress	Maternal Great-grandfather: Edward of Portugal
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Leonor of Aragon