Xi baryon

The Xi baryons or cascade particles are a family of subatomic hadron particles which have the symbol
Ξ
and have a +2, +1 or -1 elementary charge or are neutral. They are baryons containing three quarks: one up or down quark, and two heavier quarks. They are sometimes called the cascade particles because of their unstable state; they decay rapidly into lighter particles through a chain of decays ^[1]. The first discovery of a charged Xi baryon was in cosmic ray experiments by the Manchester group in 1952.^[2] The first discovery of the neutral Xi particle was at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in 1959.^[3] It was also observed as a daughter product from the decay of the omega baryon (
Ω⁻
) observed at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1964.^[4]

The
Ξ⁻
_b particle is also known as the cascade B particle and contains quarks from all three families. It was discovered by DØ and CDF experiments at Fermilab. The discovery was announced on 12 June 2007. It was the first known particle made of quarks from all three quark generations—namely, a down quark, a strange quark, and a bottom quark. The DØ collaboration reported mass of the new state to be 5.774±0.019 GeV/c²; while the CDF collaboration measured the mass at 5.7929±0.0030 GeV/c². The two results are consistent with each other. The Particle Data Group world average mass is 5.7924±0.0030 GeV/c².

When unspecified, the non-up/down quark content of Xi baryons is strange. Thus a
Ξ⁰
_b is contains one up, one strange, and one bottom quark, while a
Ξ⁰
_bb contains one up and two bottom quarks.

Xi Baryons^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]
Particle	Symbol	Makeup	Rest mass MeV/c²	Isospin I	Spin(Parity) J^P	Q	S	C	B	Mean lifetime s	Decays to
Xi ^[9]	Ξ⁰	u s s	1 314.86 ± 0.20	1⁄2	1⁄2^{+^*}	0	−2	0	0	2.90 ± 0.09×10⁻¹⁰	Λ⁰ + π⁰
Xi ^[10]	Ξ⁻	d s s	1321.31 ± 0.13	1⁄2	1⁄2^{+^*}	−1	−2	0	0	(1.639±0.015)×10⁻¹⁰	Λ⁰ + π⁻
Xi resonance ^[11]	Ξ⁰ (1530)	u s s	1 531.80(32)	1⁄2	3⁄2⁺	0	−2	0	0		Ξ + π
Xi resonance ^[11]	Ξ⁻ (1530)	d s s	1 535.0(6)	1⁄2	3⁄2⁺	−1	−2	0	0		Ξ + π
charmed Xi^[12]	Ξ⁺ _c	u s c	2 467.9 ± 0.4	1⁄2	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	+1	−1	+1	0	(4.42±0.26)×10⁻¹³	See Ξ⁺ _c Decay Modes
charmed Xi^[12]	Ξ⁰ _c	d s c	2 471.0 ± 0.4	1⁄2	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	0	−1	+1	0	1.12+0.13 −0.10×10⁻¹³	See Ξ⁰ _c Decay Modes
charmed Xi resonance ^[12]	Ξ′⁺ _c	u s c	2 575.7±3.1	1⁄2	1⁄2⁺†	+1	−1	+1	0		Ξ⁺ _c + γ (Seen)
charmed Xi resonance ^[12]	Ξ′⁰ _c	d s c	2 578.0±2.9	1⁄2	1⁄2⁺†	0	−1	+1	0	1.1×10⁻¹³	Ξ⁰ _c + γ (Seen)
double charmed Xi^†	Ξ⁺⁺ _cc	u c c		1⁄2*	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	+2	0	+2	0
double charmed Xi^[a] ^[13]	Ξ⁺ _cc	d c c	3 518.9 ± 0.9^[c]	1⁄2*	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	+1	0	+2	0	<3.3×10⁻¹⁴^[a]	Λ⁺ _c + K⁻ + π⁺ ^[e] or p⁺ + D⁺ + K⁻ ^[e]
bottom Xi ^[14]	Ξ⁰ _b	u s b	5 792 ± 3	1⁄2*	1⁄2* ⁺*	0	−1	0	−1	1.42+0.28 −0.24×10⁻¹²^[b]	See Ξ _b Decay Modes
bottom Xi or Cascade B ^[14]^[15]^[16]	Ξ⁻ _b	d s b	5 792.9 ± 3.0	1⁄2*	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	−1	−1	0	−1	1.42×10⁻¹²	See Ξ _b Decay Modes ( Ξ⁻ + J/ψ was also seen)
double bottom Xi^†	Ξ⁰ _bb	u b b		1⁄2*	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	0	0	0	−2
double bottom Xi^†	Ξ⁻ _bb	d b b		1⁄2*	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	−1	0	0	−2
charmed bottom Xi^†	Ξ⁺ _cb	u c b		1⁄2*	1⁄2* ⁺	+1	0	+1	−1
charmed bottom Xi^†	Ξ⁰ _cb	d c b		1⁄2*	1⁄2* ^{+^*}	0	0	+1	−1

^[a] Some controversy exists about this data. See references
^[b] This is actually a measurement of the average lifetime of b-baryons that decay to a jet containing a same sign
Ξ
^±
ℓ
^± pair. Presumably the mix is mainly
Ξ
_b, with some
Λ
_b.
† Particle (or quantity, i.e. spin) has neither been observed nor indicated.

References

^ "The Xi Baryon; http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/xi.html"
^ R. Armenterosa; et al. (1952). "The properties of charged V-particles". Philosophical Magazine. 43 (341): 597. doi:10.1080/14786440608520216. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ L. W. Alvarez; et al. (1959). "Neutral Cascade Hyperon Event". Physical Review Letters. 2 (5): 215. Bibcode:1959PhRvL...2..215A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.2.215. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ R. Nave. "The Xi Baryon". HyperPhysics. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
^ V. Abazov, et al (Collaboration) (2007). "Direct observation of the strange b baryon
Ξ⁻
_b". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5). arXiv:0706.1690. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2001A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052001.
^ "Fermilab physicists discover "triple-scoop" baryon" (Press release). Fermilab. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
^ "Back-to-Back b Baryons in Batavia" (Press release). Fermilab. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
^ T. Aaltonen, et al (CDF Collaboration) (2007). "Observation and mass measurement of the baryon Xi(b)-". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5). arXiv:0707.0589. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2002A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052002.
^ W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Neutral Xi" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Negative Xi" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ ^a ^b "Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics - Xi(1530)" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-04-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Charmed baryons" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Double charmed positive Xi" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ ^a ^b W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Bottom Xis" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ V. M. Abazov; et al. (2007). "Direct observation of the strange b baryon
Ξ⁻
_b". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5): 052001. arXiv:0706.1690. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2001A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052001. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ T. Aaltonen; et al. (2007). "Observation and mass measurement of the baryon
Ξ⁻
_b". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5): 052002. arXiv:0707.0589. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2002A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052002. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

External links

"Listings for Xi particles". Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
"Direct observation of the strange b baryon Xi(b)-"
"Fermilab physicists discover "triple-scoop" baryon" (Press release). Fermilab. 2007-06-18. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
"Back-to-Back b Baryons in Batavia" (Press release). Fermilab. 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
"Observation and mass measurement of the baryon Xi(b)-"

[1] "The Xi Baryon; http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/xi.html"

[2] R. Armenterosa; et al. (1952). "The properties of charged V-particles". Philosophical Magazine. 43 (341): 597. doi:10.1080/14786440608520216. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[3] L. W. Alvarez; et al. (1959). "Neutral Cascade Hyperon Event". Physical Review Letters. 2 (5): 215. Bibcode:1959PhRvL...2..215A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.2.215. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[4] R. Nave. "The Xi Baryon". HyperPhysics. Retrieved 2009-06-20.

[5] V. Abazov, et al (Collaboration) (2007). "Direct observation of the strange b baryon
Ξ⁻
_b". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5). arXiv:0706.1690. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2001A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052001.

[6] "Fermilab physicists discover "triple-scoop" baryon" (Press release). Fermilab. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-14.

[7] "Back-to-Back b Baryons in Batavia" (Press release). Fermilab. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-25.

[8] T. Aaltonen, et al (CDF Collaboration) (2007). "Observation and mass measurement of the baryon Xi(b)-". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5). arXiv:0707.0589. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2002A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052002.

[PDGXi0-9] W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Neutral Xi" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[PDGXi--10] W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Negative Xi" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[PDGXi(1530)-11] "Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics - Xi(1530)" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-04-20.

[PDGCharmedBaryons-12] W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Charmed baryons" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[PDGDoubleCharmedxi-13] W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Double charmed positive Xi" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[PDGBottomXi-14] W.-M. Yao; et al. (2006). "Particle listings - Bottom Xis" (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[AbazovBottomXi--15] V. M. Abazov; et al. (2007). "Direct observation of the strange b baryon
Ξ⁻
_b". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5): 052001. arXiv:0706.1690. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2001A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052001. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[16] T. Aaltonen; et al. (2007). "Observation and mass measurement of the baryon
Ξ⁻
_b". Physical Review Letters. 99 (5): 052002. arXiv:0707.0589. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99e2002A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052002. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

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See also

References

External links