Portal:Physics
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The Physics Portal
Physics (from Greek φυσική (ἐπιστήμη), i.e. "knowledge of nature", from φύσις, physis "nature"), is the natural science that involves the study of matter (anything that has mass and occupies space) and its motion (movement from place to another) through space and time, light and its propagation, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.
Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Evidence exists that the earliest civilizations dating back to beyond 3000 BCE, such as the Sumerians, Ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilization, all had a predictive knowledge and a very basic understanding of the motions of the Sun, Moon, and stars. Although originally part of other physical sciences and mathematics, Physics emerged to become a unique modern science during the Scientific Revolution of the 16th century.
Physics is both significant and influential, in part because advances in its understanding have often translated into new technologies, but also because new ideas in physics often resonate with other sciences, mathematics, and philosophy. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society (e.g., television, computers, domestic appliances, atomic power, and nuclear weapons); advances in thermodynamics led to the development of motorized transport and advances in aviation engineering; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
Physics also has philosophical implications. It can be historically traced back to ancient Greek philosophy. From Thales' first attempt to characterize matter, to Democritus' deduction that matter ought to reduce to an invariant state, the Ptolemaic astronomy of a crystalline firmament, and Aristotle's book Physics, different Greek philosophers advanced their own theories of nature. Well into the 18th century, physics was known as "Natural philosophy". By the 19th century physics was realized as a positive science and a distinct discipline separate from philosophy and the other sciences. Physics, as with the rest of science, relies on philosophy of science to give an adequate description of the scientific method.
Selected article
Below are links to pages that are rated "Good Article" within WikiProject Physics from letters "A" through "L". The small good article icon (
), which can be found on the top right corner of a rated Wikipedia page, symbolizes content held to a high standard on Wikipedia, although these have not reached Featured Article status.
Selected picture
The Arc lamp
An arc lamp or arc light is a lamp that produces light by an electric arc (also called a voltaic arc). The carbon arc light, which consists of an arc between carbon electrodes in air, invented by Humphry Davy in the early 1800s, was the first practical electric light. It was widely used starting in the 1870s for street and large building lighting until it was superseded by the incandescent light in the early 20th century. It continued in use in more specialized applications where a high intensity point light source was needed, such as searchlights and movie projectors until after World War II.
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A krypton long arc lamp (top) is shown above a xenon flashtube. The two lamps, used for laser pumping, are very different in the shape of the electrodes, in particular, the cathode, (on the left).
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Did you know...
- ...that if the galaxy Andromeda were bright enough to be fully visible to the naked eye it would appear six times as wide as our moon?
- ...the mirage of astronomical objects is an optical phenomenon, which produces distorted or multiple images of astronomical objects such as the Sun, the Moon, the planets, bright stars and very bright comets
- ...that your watch would run slower when orbiting a black hole than it would on Earth?
- ...that Aristotle's ideas of physics held that because an object could not move without an immediate source of energy, arrows created a vacuum behind them that pushed them through the air.
- ...that nuclear fusion reactions are probably occurring at or above the sun's photosphere; it is a process called solar surface fusion.
- ...that, in the Large Hadron Collider, protons move at 99.9999991% of the speed of light when accelerated to the energy of 7 TeV?
- ...that, at a speed of 299,792,458 m/s, light can travel from the Earth to the Moon in 1.2 seconds?
- ...that the submarine telescope ANTARES, intended to detect neutrinos, may also be used to observe bioluminescent plankton and fish?
- ...that lasers can be used to separate two isotopes very efficiently?
- ...that neutron stars are so dense that a teaspoonful (5 mL) would have ten times the mass of all human world population?
- ...that the Big Bang was secured as the best theory of the origin of the universe by the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964?
- ...that Neptune was discovered by its gravitational pull on Uranus?
- ..... a touch flash releases about a billion photons a second far less produced in a particle accelerator ?
- ..... that homing pigeons can't navigate on Mercury because Mercury has no magnetic field or atmosphere?
June anniversaries
- 1 June 1831 – James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole.
- 1 June 1869 – Thomas Edison receives a patent for his electric voting machine.
- 1 June 1910 – Robert Falcon Scott expedition leaves England for South Pole.
- 1 June 1978 – First Patent Cooperation Treaty international filings.
- 1 June 1980 – Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.
- 1 June 1990 – Bush and Gorbachev sign chemical weapons ban.
- 1 June 2000 – Patent Law Treaty is signed.
- 2 June 1966 – Surveyor 1 lands on the Moon.
- 2 June 2003 - ESA launches Mars Express probe to Mars.
- 3 June 1965 - First American spacewalk, mission Gemini IV
- 3 June 1973 – A Soviet supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 crashes.
- 4 June 781 BC – First historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- 4 June 1973 – A patent for the ATM is granted.
- 4 June 1996 - First flight. Ariane 5 rocket explodes after roughly 20 seconds.
- 5 June 1977 – Apple II, personal computer goes on sale.
Birthdays
- 1 June 1633 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (d. 1687)
- 1 June 1796 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French physicist (d. 1832)
- 1 June 1899 – Edward Charles Titchmarsh, English mathematician (d. 1963)
- 1 June 1907 – Frank Whittle, invented jet engine. (d. 1996)
- 1 June 1917 – William S. Knowles Nobel Prize laureate
- 1 June 1940 – Kip Thorne, American physicist
- 2 June 1930 – Pete Conrad, American astronaut (d. 1999)
- 2 June 1949 – Heather Couper, British astronomer
- 3 June 1659 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (d. 1708)
- 3 June 1923 – Igor Shafarevich, Russian mathematician
- 4 June 1704 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (d. 1776)
- 4 June 1877 – Heinrich Wieland, German biochemist & Nobel laureate (d. 1957)
- 4 June 1916 – Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist & Nobel laureate (d. 2009)
- 4 June 1967 – Robert Shane Kimbrough, American astronaut
- 5 June 1760 – Johan Gadolin, Finnish scientist (d. 1852)
- 5 June 1819 – John Couch Adams, English astronomer (d. 1892)
- 5 June 1862 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist Nobel laureate (d. 1930)
- 5 June 1900 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1979)
- 5 June 1965 – Michael E. Brown, American astronomer
- 13 June 1831 - James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (d. 1879)
Things you can do
Summary
- Edit a physics article
- Whether you are an expert or a novice, be bold, improve an article by editing it. Practice in the sandbox if you must. But hurry back to fix that glaring error that has been bothering you.
- Join WikiProject Physics.
- Watch the WikiProject Physics talk page for physics-related issues on Wikipedia.
- Improve Physics Portal.
- Add to Did you know and upcoming anniversaries.
- Add new Selected articles and Selected pictures to the queues.
- Add to Physics news.
- Review articles
- Assign importance and quality to unassessed articles (See Physics quality control)
- Review an article for techno babble and report confusing sections in articles talk page. (Give enough detail to help the editors.)
- Advanced Editing
- Expand a physics stub.
- Fix a page needing attention: Modern physics, Classical physics and other physics topics.
- Create a requested article.
- Add a requested image.
- Check out other physics-related WikiProjects: WikiProject Science, WikiProject Fluid dynamics, WikiProject Elements.
Check list for physics novices and experts new to wikipedia
- Edit a physics article
- Whether you are an expert or a novice, be bold, improve an article by editing it. Practice in the sandbox if you must. But hurry back to fix that glaring error that has been bothering you.
- Register with Wikipedia for a user name. (See the username policy)
- Visit the help page
- Add articles to your watch list.
- Check your watchlist on regular basis
- Revert an obvious vandalism edit
- Remove unnecessary jargon.
- Edit your user page to tell Wikipedia enough about you to help other editors get to know you
- Review an article and make a useful comment on the talk page
- Add your name to the WikiProject Physics members list
Activities for physics novices and experts familiar with wikipedia
- Edit a physics article
- Add your name to the WikiProject Physics members list
- Revert Vandalism
- Add or improve diagrams and figures
- Assign importance and quality to unassessed articles (See Physics quality control)
- Review article for techno babble and suggest areas that need improving on talk page (or add clean up tag.)
- Review, nominate, or submit a physics education article in Wikiversity:Second Journal of Science
- Fix a page needing attention
- What are portals?
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