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"Ecojustice" redirects here. For the general topic of eco-justice (ecological justice), see Environmental justice. For climate-related justice, see climate justice.
Ecojustice Canada
Formation1990; 34 years ago (1990)
FoundersStewart Elgie
Greg McDade
Don Lidstone
Michael M'Conigle
John Rich
Don Rosenbloom
Rick Sutherland
Andrew Thompson
Joan Vance
TypeNGO
Legal statuscharity
Purposeenvironmental law
HeadquartersVancouver, British Columbia
Region
Canada
Key people
President and Chair Lori Williams
Vice Chair Anna Reid
Treasurer Ian Burgess
Secretary Will Roush
Websitewww.ecojustice.ca
Formerly called
Sierra Legal Defence Fund

Ecojustice Canada (formerly Sierra Legal Defence Fund prior to September 2007), is a Canadian non-profit environmental law organization[1] that provides funding to lawyers to use litigation to defend and protect the environment.[2] Ecojustice is Canada's largest environmental law charity.

Background

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In 1990 the Sierra Legal Defence Fund was incorporated as a charity. Founding board members included Stewart Elgie, Don Lidstone, Dr. Michael M'Conigle, John Rich, Don Rosenbloom, Rick Sutherland, Dr. Andrew Thompson, and Joan Vance and Greg McDade, a lawyer, was the executive director.[3] Stewart Elgie worked in Alaska as an environmental lawyer where he was involved in the litigation following the March 24, 1989, Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, which was the "worst oil spill in U.S. waters" until BP's 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.[4] The next year, when Elgie returned to Canada, he founded Ecojustice.[5] Lidstone served as Sierra Legal Defence Fund/EcoJustice founding director from 1990 to 1999.[6] Michael M'Gonigle was chairman of the board of Greenpeace Canada, co-founder of Greenpeace International, law professor and member of the Broadbent Institute.[7]

Clients

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Clients have included Greenpeace, the Pembina Institute, Sierra Club of Canada, Living Oceans Society, Environmental Defence Canada, Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE), Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Prairie Acid Rain Coalition, and Toxics Watch Society. They represented Stephen Lewis, who was the chair of 1988 World Conference on the Changing Atmosphere which was held in Toronto; York University's Tzeporah Berman; Dalhousie University's atmospheric scientist, Thomas Duck; University of Alberta's Killam Memorial professor David Schindler (now deceased); and the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) lead Danny Harvey.[8]

Cases

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Kearl Oil Sands Project

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Main article: Kearl Oil Sands Project

On February 27, 2007, a joint provincial-federal regulatory panel, which consisted of the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA), gave their approval[9] for Imperial Oil's "massive" $8 billion Kearl Oil Sands (KOS) Project, which would create four open-pit mines north of Fort McMurray, Alberta.[10] Based on the joint panel's "positive environmental assessment", the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) also authorized a "key water permit" for the KOS site.[11] In the spring of 2007, Ecojustice (then Sierra Legal) launched legal action on behalf of a "coalition of environmental groups"—"Sierra Club of Canada, Pembina Institute, Prairie Acid Rain Coalition and Toxics Watch Society"[11]—in Canada's Federal Court to overturn the regulatory approval,[10] saying that "the project would destroy huge tracts of boreal forest and muskeg in the province's northern regions."[11] The Pembina Institute's Simon Dyer said that the "joint panel has rubber-stamped another oil sands mega-project in the absence of clear answers about how to restore wetlands, rehabilitate toxic tailings ponds, protect migratory bird populations, or address escalating greenhouse gas pollution."[10] In early March, when a federal judge ruled that the "federal-provincial assessment panel approved the Kearl development without adequately explaining its rationale,"[10] the DFO revoked the KOS water permit.[11] Imperial challenged the decision in court but lost.[11] The joint panel then submitted a "more detailed rationale" justifying its "conclusion that Kearl posed no serious environmental concern."[11] The DFO then reinstated the water permit and in June 2008 Imperial Oil was granted permission to begin the KOS project.[11] Although the DFO gave Imperial a "dozen pages of conditions" including "provisions for sediment and erosion control, plans to avoid a net loss of wildlife and provisions to transfer fish affected by the dredging to other bodies of water", Dyer said they it would be "extremely disappointing" if this did not include provisions for adequate "greenhouse-gas mitigation". He said that, the "federal government missed a real opportunity to show they're serious about dealing with climate change" by not including provisions for adequate "greenhouse-gas mitigation", without which this project would be "contributing to a growing problem over the next 50 years".[11]

Climate denial groups

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In December 2015 Ecojustice filed an official complaint against the Calgary-based non-profit advocacy organization group—the Friends of Science (FoS), the International Climate Science Coalition, and the Heartland Institute—under the Competition Act with the Competition Bureau of Canada on behalf of Stephen Lewis, Tzeporah Berman Thomas Duck, David Schindler, Danny Harvey and two others, in which they called for a criminal investigation.[8][12] The Advertising Standards Canada (now Ad Standards) had ruled the Friends of Science ads—which appeared prior to the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) talks, held in Paris from November 30 to December 12—with messages of "overzealous" climate policies paid for by Canadian "taxpayers' money". By December, in spite of the ruling, FoS has placed billboards in major Canadian cities with messages such as "The sun is the main driver of climate change. Not you."[12] According to Charles Hatt, an Ecojustice lawyer, "The Competition Act makes it an offence to knowingly or recklessly make a false or misleading representation for promotion of business interests. This is an attack on science."[12] According to a December 8, 2015 article in Ecojustice's Now Magazine, FoS's funding sources were unknown.[12] Although Talisman Energy had donated $175,000 to FoS in 2004 under Talisman's previous president, by 2015, the new president no longer shared FoS's views on climate change.[12] The Competition Bureau notified Ecojustice lawyer Charles Hatt, in a June 29, 2017 letter, that the inquiry concerning "allegations that Friends of Science Society, International Climate Science Coalition and Heartland Institute made misleading representations regarding climate change on their respective websites and, in the case of Friends of Science Society, on billboards" had been discontinued.[13]

Trans Mountain Pipeline

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In 2017 Ecojustice, acting on behalf of their clients Raincoast Conservation Foundation and Living Oceans Society, won the court case that overturned the federal government's approval of the Canadian division of Kinder Morgan Energy Partners' $7.4-billion Trans Mountain Pipeline project, which resulted in the National Energy Board (NEB) being forced to "re-evaluate the projects marine shipping impacts". The successful lawsuit "halted construction on the expansion".[14] On November 6, 2017, McDade sent a letter to Kinder Morgan seeking an apology to the "City of Burnaby and its professional staff" following accusations that Burnaby had stalled construction of the Canadian division of Kinder Morgan Energy Partners' Trans Mountain Pipeline project. McDade stated in his letter that Burnaby's "regulatory process has been applied in good faith, as the evidence will readily show in the motion before the NEB."[15] Following a June 2019 re-approval of the Trans Mountain project by the federal Cabinet government, in July 2019, lawyers from Ecojustice filed a motion with the Federal Court of Appeal to challenge the Cabinet's decision.[14]

Volkswagen emissions scandal

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Main article: Volkswagen emissions scandal

In June 2017, Ecojustice, on behalf of the Canadian advocacy group Environmental Defence Canada, asked Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Canada's environment ministry, to "instigate an inquiry" into Volkswagen's alleged illegal actions in regards to emissions.[16] Environment Canada—now known as Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)—had undertaken an investigation in September 2015 to verify that Volkswagen had installed "defeat devices" designed to bypass emission control tests in Canada.[17] An agreement was reached on December 15, 2016.[18][19] According to a September 16, 2018 article in the Vancouver Sun, since 2015, while United States, German and other national governments had fined Volkswagen "billions of dollars and sent some of its top executives to jail for breaking environmental laws", by the fall of 2018, the Canadian federal government had done nothing.[20] The Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) are also a client of Ecojustice on this case. On July 23, 2019 Ecojustice lawyers on behalf of Environmental Defence "applied for a judicial review to challenge the failure of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change to properly report progress on an investigation requested by EDC staff in July 2017 as required by Public Participation provisions in the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA)."[21]

Ontario cancelled cap-and-trade

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In September 2018, Ecojustice lawyers, in "partnership with the uOttawa-Ecojustice Environmental Law Clinic", filed a lawsuit against the Ontario provincial government on behalf of Greenpeace alleging that the "Ford government unlawfully failed to provide for public consultation on a regulation that ended Ontario's cap and trade program and on Bill 4, the Cap and Trade Cancellation Act, 2018, currently before the legislature."[22][23]

Bill C-69

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In a May 14, 2019 CBC News article, Environmental Defence's Julia Levin and Ecojustice lawyer, Joshua Ginsberg, expressed concern that proposed amendments to Bill C-69 would favour industry over the environment.[24]

Public Inquiry into Anti-Alberta Energy Campaigns

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Main article: Public Inquiry into Anti-Alberta Energy Campaigns

Alberta Premier Jason Kenney's one-year $2.5 million Public Inquiry into Anti-Alberta Energy Campaigns, which he announced on July 4, 2019,[25][26] is led by a forensic accountant, Steve Allan, with a "mandate to investigate foreign-funded efforts".[27] Kenney cited "the intrepid reporting of journalist Vivian Krause", who has spent ten years examining foreign funding of Canadian environmental non-profit organizations (ENGOs) when he made his announcement.[28]

Ecojustice Canada Society v Alberta

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In September 2019, Ecojustice issued a letter of warning of a potential legal challenge to commissioner Allan, asking for a response within 30 days.[29]

Ecojustice is saying that changes must be made to the mandate of the Public Inquiry into Anti-Alberta Energy Campaigns. According to The Globe and Mail, "environmental and activist groups are mobilizing against the public inquiry". Ecojustice says the "inquiry is unlawful and possibly unconstitutional because of the language used in the mandate" given to commissioner Steve Allan. Ecojustice said the inquiry labels "environmental groups critical of oil and gas development as 'anti-Alberta.'"[30]

On November 21, 2019, Ecojustice lawyer Devon Page filed the lawsuit Ecojustice Canada Society v Alberta in the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta in Calgary.[31] While the "factual premise" underlying the inquiry have been "seriously challenged several times", the lawsuit is the "first challenge to its legality".[31] The Ecojustice "lawsuit also alleges that inquiry commissioner Steve Allan was a donor to the UCP leadership campaign of Doug Schweitzer, now Alberta’s justice minister, who appointed him to the job."[31]

On November 26, 2020, Court of Queen's Bench Justice Karen Horner dismissed Ecojustice's application for an injunction to pause the Inquiry partly because of the "strong public interest in ensuring the orderly, uninterrupted, and timely progression of the Inquiry."[32][Notes 1][33] Judge Horner said that since the Inquiry was in its second phase at the end of November 2020, and that in that phase the Inquiry would be "contacting organizations of interest in order to solicit their response" and that by November 26, the Inquiry had not published any "finding of misconduct" on Ecojustice's part, there was therefore "no evidence that the Inquiry contains unfounded and untested allegations against Ecojustice" harmful to its reputation.[32] Ecojustice CEO Devon Page said that they would continue to challenge Inquiry activities and "expose it for the sham that it is".[33]

Orphan wells

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Main article: Orphan wells in Alberta, Canada

In January 2019, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in favour of the Alberta Energy Regulator and Orphan Well Association in a case filed against the Alberta oil and gas company Redwater Energy. Redwater had gone bankrupt in 2015, leaving behind orphaned oil and gas wells that "needed to be cleaned up and decommissioned".[34] In 2018, Ecojustice had intervened in the Supreme Court hearing on who is responsible for cleaning up orphan wells after following a bankruptcy.[34][35] On January 31, 2019, in the case of Redwater Energy, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled 5–2 overturning "two lower court decisions that said bankruptcy law has paramountcy over provincial environmental responsibilities".[36] The Supreme Court of Canada "allowed an appeal brought by the AER and the OWA from the decision of the Alberta Court of Appeal in Orphan Well Association v Grant Thornton Limited (Redwater). The "case has been one of the most closely watched by the Canadian oil and gas industry in decades".[37] Redwater lawyers said that it was not possible for the company to comply with both the federal and provincial legislation in regards to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA).[37] The January 31 ruling means that "bankruptcy is not a licence to ignore environmental regulations, and there is no inherent conflict between federal bankruptcy laws and provincial environmental regulations."[36]

Partnerships

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Ecojustice partnered with the University of Ottawa in the Ottawa-Ecojustice Environmental Law Clinic, which is a "problem-based educational learning course designed to help train the next generation of environmental law and policy leaders."[16]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Ecojustice attorney was Barry Robinson, Doreen Mueller, Q.C. and Peter Bujis represented Alberta's Attorney General and David Wachowich represented J. Stephens Allan.

References

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  1. ^ Vasil, Adria (December 8, 2015). "Ecojustice calls for probe into climate-change-denying ads". Now. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  2. ^ About Ecojustice — Ecojustice Canada
  3. ^ "Our story". Ecojustice. nd. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  4. ^ Leahy, Stephen (March 22, 2019). "Exxon Valdez changed the oil industry forever—but new threats emerge". National Geographic. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  5. ^ "Elgie, Stewart". People, Institute of the Environment, University of Ottawa. nd. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  6. ^ Don Lidstone, retrieved October 25, 2019
  7. ^ Michael M'Conigle, retrieved October 25, 2019
  8. ^ a b Mandel, Charles (December 3, 2015). "Breaking: Ecojustice files complaint with Competition Bureau against climate denial groups". National Observer. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  9. ^ "Joint Review Panel Established by the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board and the Government of Canada" (PDF). Energy Resources Conservation Board. February 27, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ a b c d "Environmental groups sue over Kearl project". The Globe and Mail. March 30, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h "Imperial Oil gets green light to break ground on Kearl Project". CBC News and the Canadian Press. June 6, 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d e Vasil, Adria (December 8, 2015). "Ecojustice calls for probe into climate-change-denying ads". Now. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  13. ^ June 29, 2017 letter from Competition Bureau to Charles Hatt re Inquiry discontinued (PDF), June 29, 2017, retrieved October 25, 2019
  14. ^ a b Venton, Margot; Tuytel, Dyna (nd). "Trans Mountain 2.0: Challenging the federal government's project approval". Ecojustice. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  15. ^ Verenca, Tereza (November 6, 2017). "Burnaby seeks apology from Saskatchewan's attorney general over pipeline remarks". Burnaby Now. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  16. ^ a b "Environmental groups go to court over emissions-cheating scandal". Ecojustice. October 21, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  17. ^ Keenan, Greg (22 September 2015). "Environment Canada opens investigation into VW scandal". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  18. ^ "Settlement Agreement" (PDF). Volkswagen/Audi 2.0-Litre TDI Emissions Settlement Program in Canada. 5 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  19. ^ "Exhibit 5: Estimated Settlement Payments" (PDF). Volkswagen/Audi 2.0-Litre TDI Emissions Settlement Program in Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  20. ^ Cruickshank, Ainslie (September 16, 2018). "Critics slam Canada's response to Volkswagen emissions scandal, three years after it was discovered". Star Metro and Vancouver Sun. Vancouver. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  21. ^ "Volkswagen "Dieselgate" Timeline". Environmental Defence. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  22. ^ "Greenpeace is suing Ontario for unlawfully cancelling cap and trade program". Daily Hive. Toronto, Ontario. September 11, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  23. ^ "Court rules Ford government broke the law when it scrapped cap-and-trade program". Daily Hive. Toronto, Ontario. October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  24. ^ Rabson, Mia (May 14, 2019). "Senators bowing to oil industry pressure to gut assessment bill, environmentalists say". CBC and the Canadian Press. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  25. ^ "FAQ". Public inquiry into anti-Alberta energy campaigns. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  26. ^ "Public inquiry into anti-Alberta energy campaigns". Anti-Energy campaigns. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  27. ^ Clancy, Clare (September 9, 2019). "Public inquiry into international campaigns related to energy launches website". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  28. ^ "Standing Up for Alberta, Fighting the Foreign-Funded Special Interests". United Conservative Party (UCP) (Press release). Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  29. ^ Krugel, Lauren (September 18, 2019). "Alberta inquiry into oil and gas foes could face legal challenge from Ecojustice". The Canadian Press via City News. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  30. ^ Giovannetti, Justin (September 2019). "Environmental group Ecojustice threatens legal challenge over Alberta public inquiry". Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  31. ^ a b c Weber, Bob (November 21, 2019). "Ecojustice Canada lawsuit seeks to quash 'anti-Alberta' inquiry". Canadian Press (CP) via Edmonton Journal. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  32. ^ a b Ecojustice Canada Society v Alberta, 2020 (PDF), November 11, 2020, archived from the original (PDF) on January 30, 2021, retrieved January 30, 2021 20201126 Docket: 1901 16255 Registry: Calgary
  33. ^ a b Krugel, Lauren (November 30, 2020). "Judge tosses application to pause Alberta inquiry into funding of oil and gas foes". Canadian Press via National Post. Calgary, Alberta. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  34. ^ a b Stilwell, Kurt; Robinson, Barry (2019). "Upholding the polluter-pays principle when bankrupt companies leave oil and gas wells behind". Ecojustice. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  35. ^ "Orphan Well Association v. Grant Thornton Ltd.", Supreme Court of Canada, Supreme Court Judgments, January 31, 2019, retrieved October 25, 2019
  36. ^ a b Johnson, Tracy (January 31, 2019). "Supreme Court rules energy companies must clean up old wells — even in bankruptcy". CBC News. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
  37. ^ a b Canada: Supreme Court Of Canada Allows Redwater Appeal: Regulator Entitled To Super-Priority For Abandonment And Reclamation Costs. Restructuring and Insolvency Bulletin. Adam C. Maerov, Kourtney Rylands, Preet Saini

Further reading

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