Jump to content

Eubelodon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eubelodon
Temporal range: Miocene, 15–10 Ma
Skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Proboscidea
Family: Gomphotheriidae
Genus: Eubelodon
Barbour, 1914
Species:
E. morrilli
Binomial name
Eubelodon morrilli
Barbour, 1914

Eubelodon is an extinct genus of gomphothere (a family in the order Proboscidea, which also includes modern elephants) which lived in North America during the Miocene Epoch. It contains a single species: Eubelodon morrilli.

Description

[edit]

Eubelodon is considered to be a trilophodont gomphothere. It has the highly unusual combination of retaining a long lower jaw, but having lost the lower tusks, a combination only shared with fellow North American gomphothere Gnathabelodon and the choerolophodontid Choerolophodon.[1]

Fossil distribution

[edit]
Restoration

Fossils are restricted to what is now the Great Plains of the United States. Remains were found in the Poison Ivy Quarry, Antelope, Brown County, Nebraska, and Tripp County, South Dakota.[2]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Eubelodon was named by Erwin Hinckly Barbour in 1914. It was synonymized subjectively with Trilophodon by Osborn in 1918 and again by Tobien in 1973 with Gomphotherium.[3]

It was assigned to Gomphotheriidae by Erwin Barbour in 1914. It was then assigned to Rhynchotheriinae by McKenna and Bell in 1997,[4] Carroll in 1988, Shoshani and Tassy in 1996, Lambert and Shoshani in 1998, and Shoshani and Tassy in 2005.

A 2016 study assigned it to Gomphotheriidae. Cladogram showing its phylogenetic position according to Mothé et al. 2016:[5]

Gomphotheriidae (Gomphotheres)

Gomphotherium

Gnathabelodon

Eubelodon

Brevirostrine clade

Some other studies have assigned it to Amebelodontidae. Cladogram after Li et al. 2023:[6]

Amebelodontidae

Archaeobelodon filholi

Serbelodon barbourensis

Protanancus brevirostris

Protanancus wimani

Eubelodon morrilli

Megabelodon lulii

Protanancus macinnnesi

Protanancus chinjiensis

Amebelodon fricki

Torynobelodon britti

Platybelodon barnumbrowni

Platybelodon danovi

Platybelodon grangeri

Aphanobelodon zhaoi

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mothé, Dimila; Ferretti, Marco P.; Avilla, Leonardo S. (12 January 2016). "The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0147009. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1147009M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147009. PMC 4710528. PMID 26756209.
  2. ^ "Paleobiology database, Collections 18147, 18204, 18324". Paleobiology Database.
  3. ^ H. Tobien. 1973. On the Evolution of Mastodonts (Proboscidea, Mammalia); Part 1, The bunodont trilophodont Groups. Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamtes fuer Bodenforschung zu Wiesbaden 101:202-276.
  4. ^ M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level 1-640 (John Alroy and Mark Uhen, George Mason University)
  5. ^ Mothé, Dimila; Ferretti, Marco P.; Avilla, Leonardo S. (12 January 2016). "The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0147009. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1147009M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147009. PMC 4710528. PMID 26756209.
  6. ^ Li, Chunxiao; Deng, Tao; Wang, Yang; Sun, Fajun; Wolff, Burt; Jiangzuo, Qigao; Ma, Jiao; Xing, Luda; Fu, Jiao (2023-11-28), "Longer mandible or nose? Co-evolution of feeding organs in early elephantiforms", eLife, 12, doi:10.7554/eLife.90908.1, retrieved 2024-05-29