Llukalkan

Llukalkan; Temporal range: Santonian, 86–83 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Family:	†Abelisauridae
Clade:	†Furileusauria
Genus:	†Llukalkan; Gianechini et al., 2021
Type species
	†Llukalkan aliocranianus; Gianechini et al., 2021

Llukalkan (Mapuche for "one who causes fear") is a genus of abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Argentina. The type species is Llukalkan aliocranianus.^[1]

Discovery and naming

The holotype of Llukalkan, MAU-Pv-LI-581, consisting of a partial skull, was discovered during 2015 in the La Invernada site in Neuquén Province, Argentina, in the rocks of the Bajo de la Carpa Formation. It was discovered only 700 metres (2,300 ft) away from the remains of the contemporary abelisaurid Viavenator. It was described as belonging to the new taxon Llukalkan aliocranianus in 2021; the generic name is Mapuche for "one who scares" or "one who causes fear", and the specific name is Latin for "different skull".

Description

Llukalkan is very similar to Viavenator, except that it is smaller and the holes in the skull through which the veins pass are larger and more widely separated from the supraoccipital crest, among other differences. It also has a small posterior air-filled sinus in the middle ear zone, a recessus tympanicus caudalis, that has not been found in any other abelisaurids and thus is an autapomorphy.^[2]

Paleobiology

On account of its unusual ear, it has been theorized than Llukalkan had a keener sense of hearing than other abelisaurids, almost like a crocodile's.^[2]

Classification

Gianechini et al. place Llukalkan as a derived abelisaurid, in the clade Furileusauria. Their cladogram is shown below.^[1]

Rugops

	Dahalokely

	Rahiolisaurus

Ilokelesia

	Ekrixinatosaurus

	Skorpiovenator

Llukalkan

	Aucasaurus

	Abelisaurus

References

^ ^a ^b Gianechini, Federico A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Juárez-Valieri, Rubén D.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2021). "A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid from La Invernada (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian, Bajo De La Carpa Formation), Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1877151. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E7151G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1877151.
^ ^a ^b Taylor & Francis Group (30 March 2021). "The 'one who causes fear' - new meat-eating predator discovered". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 31 March 2021.

[Llukalkan-1] Gianechini, Federico A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Juárez-Valieri, Rubén D.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2021). "A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid from La Invernada (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian, Bajo De La Carpa Formation), Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1877151. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E7151G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1877151.

[:1-2] Taylor & Francis Group (30 March 2021). "The 'one who causes fear' - new meat-eating predator discovered". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 31 March 2021.

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