Agriculture in Florida: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 05:10, 15 May 2023

Florida was ranked in 2019, "first in the value of production for fresh market bell peppers and tomatoes, as well as grapefruit, oranges, sugarcane, and watermelons" in the United States according to Florida Agriculture by the Numbers.^[1] In 2002 peppers and tomatoes were #1 and #2 in dollar value for the state and citrus fruit, especially oranges, were also a major part of the economy.^[2] By 2019 tomatoes were #1, oranges #2, and peppers were #3.^[3] Of exports, meat is Florida's biggest earner.^[3] Florida produces the majority of citrus fruit grown in the United States.

Strawberry

Strawberry is another major crop here.^[4]^[5] Florida is second only to California for strawberry production by volume and by dollars per year^[4]^[5] and the Plant City area grows 3⁄4 of America's winter strawberries.^[4] The Florida Strawberry Growers Association represents growers here.^[6] Strawberry gray mold is economically important.^[7] This is the Botrytis Fruit Rot of strawberries caused by Botrytis cinerea.^[7] (See § Botrytis cinerea.)^[7] Growers here ship strawberries December to April.^[6] The state's Strawberry Festival is held in March every year in Plant City.^[8]^[4] Anthracnose is a common disease of this crop, see § Strawberry anthracnose.^[9] The University of Florida operates^[10] one of the most important strawberry demonstration breeding programs in North America.^[11] RosBREED 2 was developed partly from the experience of this program^[12] with the need to combine desirable strawberry qualities with resistance, an integral part of the RosBREED program for Rosaceae in America.^[11] They adapted^[13] Axiom's 90k SNP array to a more economical 35k for genomic selection in the program.^[11] Molecular breeding has improved greatly in the few years up to 2020^[update] and the rapid generation cycle of strawberry also helps to speed up breeding.^[11] This program bred Phytophthora cactorum root rot resistance into their new cv. 'Florida Beauty',^[14]^[11] and for an even better example, they were able to pyramid together three disease resistance traits, to various Xanthomonas, Phytophthora, and Colletotrichum, into another cultivar.^[11] Marker-assisted parental selection (MAPS) and marker-assisted seedling selection (MASS) are now targeting Ca1 for fruit and crown rot, Cg1 for crown rot, Pc2 for root and crown rot, and Xf1 for bacterial angular leaf spot.^[11] Molecular breeding is usually suitable for monogenic traits, while polygenics are handled by genome-wide analysis.^[11] Genomics proved better than pedigree records for predicting actually results.^[11] These results lead the program to combine both genomic and locus-specific testing for their routine breeding.^[11] Leaf Spot of Strawberry (Mycosphaerella fragariae/Ramularia tulasnei, Ramularia or Ramularia Leaf Spot) is common here.^[15]

cv. 'Camino Real' is unusually vulnerable to Botrytis Fruit Rot in the conditions around the University of Florida's Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Dover.^[16] Chandler et al., 2006 finds 'CR' is the worst among several common varieties, although 'Sweet Charlie' can be close.^[16] It is possible that the Botrytis problem in 'CR' could be remedied with different fungicide timing.^[16] (See also § Botrytis Fruit Rot.)

cv. ' Sweet Charlie ' was developed at U Fla.^[17] Chandler et al., 2006 finds 'SC' is consistently somewhat susceptible to Botrytis Fruit Rot,^[16] see also § Botrytis Fruit Rot.

The varieties 'Florida Radiance', 'Strawberry Festival' (not to be confused with the Florida Strawberry Festival), and 'Florida Beauty' are among the most commonly grown here.^[18] 'FR' is higher yielding in real producer conditions in the state than 'SF'.^[18]

Although disease resistance is an economically important trait in this crop, there is insufficient study of growers' Willingness to pay.^[12] What little information is available suggests that it is low.^[12] Unsurprisingly there is even less interest in resistance on the consumer side, due to lack of understanding.^[12]

Peach

Peaches have probably been grown here since the 1500s, brought by the Spanish.^[19] By the late 1700s an export trade had developed with the mid-Atlantic states, with Baltimore the first hub to distribute Florida peaches into the surrounding region.^[19] Similar to the strawberry tool above, a cut-down SNP array for genomic selection has been adapted^[13] by University of Florida for peach.^[11]

Peach is a growing crop due to citrus greening.^[20]^[21] Florida produces far less than the leading state, California, but has the advantage of an earlier season than any other in the country.^[22] The harvest season runs from late March to late May or early June depending on the year's weather.^[22] Due to increasing pest and disease pressure with increasing rainfall here, yield declines rapidly in the summer and profitable harvest ends for the year.^[22] This – combined with competitor states coming into season – means that late-bearing cultivars are commercially inviable here.^[22]

Citrus

Although citrus cultivation also began here in the 1500s, commercial scale production was only attempted in the 1920s.^[19] At first this went badly due to severe pest and disease epidemics, which were themselves due to poor understanding of the local climate and terrain.^[19] As of 2019^[update] oranges make up 93% of Florida's citrus production, followed by 6% for grapefruit, and 1% for tangerines and tangelos.^[23] For 2018, 10.9% of all cash receipts were citruses.^[24] In 2006, 67% of all citrus, 74% of oranges, 58% of tangerines, and 54% of grapefruit were grown in Florida. About 95% of commercial orange production in the state is destined for processing (mostly as orange juice, the official state beverage). The top 5 citrus-producing counties, according to data in 2019, was "DeSoto (12.8 million boxes), Polk (12.5 million boxes), Highlands (10.8 million boxes), Hendry (10.5 million boxes) and Hardee (8.16 million boxes)", according to Florida Agriculture by the Numbers. Together they contribute 71% of Florida's total citrus production. The Central produced the most citrus, followed by the Western area and the Southern areas.^[23] International citrus fresh fruit exports totaled to "2.05 million 4/5 bushel cartons", and Japan received the majority of the grapefruit exports. Canada received most of Florida's orange and tangerine exports. Florida Agriculture by the Numbers reports "4.70 million gallons of Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice (FCOJ), and 0.38 million gallons of Frozen Concentrated Grapefruit Juice (FCGJ) was exported in the 2018–2019 season".^[23]

Other crops

The largest farm category by sales in Florida is the $2.3 billion ornamental industry, which includes nursery, greenhouse, flowers, and sod products.^[25]

Other products include sugarcane, tomatoes and celery. The state is the largest producer of sweet corn and green beans for the U.S.^[26]

The Everglades Agricultural Area is a major center for agriculture. The environmental impact of agriculture, especially water pollution, is a major issue in Florida today.^[27]

The state has a near monopoly on saw palmetto berries, an alternative medicine used to treat prostate and urinary disorders.^[28]

The state is #1 in fresh-market tomatoes.^[29]^[30] Harvest is almost year-round, from October to June.^[29] The highest temperatures of the summer from July to September end profitable yield and even the heat of June and October limit productivity, such that April to May and November to January are the largest harvests of the year.^[29] Federal Crop Insurance for fresh tomatoes specifically excludes insects and diseases.^[31] See also § Tomato Bacterial Spot, § Tomato Bacterial Speck, and § Treatments in fresh-market tomato.

Much of the okra in the country is grown here, especially around Dade.^[32]^[33] Okra is grown throughout the state to some degree however and so okra is available ten months of the year here.^[32] Yields range from less than 18,000 pounds per acre (20,000 kg/ha) to over 30,000 pounds per acre (34,000 kg/ha).^[32] Wholesale prices can go as high as $18/bushel which is $0.60 per pound ($1.3/kg).^[32] The Regional IPM Centers provide integrated pest management plans specifically for the southern part of the state.^[32]

California and Florida account for most commercial Persimmon production in the United States. The first commercial orchards in Florida were planted in the 1870s and production peaked in the 1990s before declining. Most persimmon orchards in the US are small scale (70% less than 1 acre or 0.5 hectares and 90% less than 5 acres or 2 hectares).^[34]

Pests and diseases

Gray Mold

Gray Mold is caused by Botrytis cinerea. Botrytis Fruit Rot due to this fungus is one of the most important strawberry diseases – and post-harvest diseases – here, as it is everywhere.^[7] (See also § Strawberry.) Occasionally yield losses can be over 50% in the state.^[7] Conditions favorable to the disease occur here from November to March, and its most severe destruction is in February and March.^[7] When making fungicide decisions about timing and ingredients, the UFl Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences recommends the Strawberry Advisory System^[35] for a decision support system.^[7] Prophylactic fungicide dips don't work for this pathogen and so many in-season sprays are the only option.^[7] UFL IFAS recommends thiram, captan, captan + fexhexamid, penthiopyrad, isofetamid, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin, fluopyram + pyrimethanil, pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil, and cyprodinil + fludioxonil.^[7] There is a massive problem with multiple fungicide resistance in this disease here, with most B. c. isolates showing two to six resistances^[7] and three being most common, with only fludioxonil providing any protection in many populations.^[36] Multiresistant B. c. caused a disastrous crop loss event across the state in 2012.^[36] Resistance management is thus extremely important and monotonous fungicide use is not an option.^[7] Resistance management is mostly incorporated into the Strawberry Advisory System already.^[7] Methyl bromide was an important part of production and its ban has greatly increased costs, both for soil fumigation with alternatives, and because further applications must be made during the season and post-harvest to make up for inadequate efficacy of these alternatives.^[5]

Other pests and diseases

Citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis) continues to be an issue of concern.^[19] From 1997 to 2013, the growing of citrus trees has declined 25%, from 600,000 to 450,000 acres (240,000 to 180,000 ha). Citrus greening disease is incurable. A study states that it has caused the loss of $4.5 billion between 2006 and 2012. As of 2014^[update], it was the major agricultural concern.^[37] Results of the annual Commercial Citrus Inventory showed that citrus acreage in 2019 was down 4% than 2018 and was the lowest in a series that began in 1966. There was a net loss of 16,411 acres during the 2018–2019 season and was twice what was lost in the previous season. Of a survey conducted of 25 published counties, 24 of them, or 96% recorded decrease in acreage. Only Sarasota County showed an increase in acreage during the 2018–2019 season.^[23] Other major citrus concerns include citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus, the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, and the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri.^[19]^: 377

Tomato, bell pepper, and strawberry were the largest users of methyl bromide and so the phase out has required hard choices for alternative soil fumigants.^[2] A methyl iodide/chloropicrin mix has served well, producing equal performance to MB in pepper.^[2]

The Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is a threat to blueberry, peach, cherry, strawberry, raspberry, and blackberry here.^[19] D. suzukii was introduced to much of North America from its initial introduction to California, including to this state.^[19]

Strawberry anthracnose is commonly caused by Colletotrichum acutatum here.^[9] Adaskaveg & Hartin 1997 identify the most common strains on strawberry here.^[9]

The Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest here.^[38] South Florida is one of only two overwintering areas for FAW in North America (the other being South Texas).^[38] Thus the entire state – and the south especially – is hard hit every year.^[38] Bt crops have been successful against FAW but some Bt resistance is appearing here which is a tremendous threat to productivity.^[38] Huang et al., 2014 find a high degree of Cry1F resistance (Cry1F-r) in the south of the state, probably the result of resistant FAW migration from Puerto Rico.^[38] This Cry1F-resistant population has low cross-resistance with Cry1A.105 but none with Cry2Ab2 or Vip3A.^[38] Overall, several studies find Cry1F-r is common here.^[39] Banerjee et al., 2017 does not find the Cry1F-r allele SfABCC2mut in Florida in 2012, 2014, or 2016.^[39] Because this allele is very common in Puerto Rico, they fail to support any substantial immigration of FAW from PR to Florida, contrary to earlier studies including Huang above.^[39]

The Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) was introduced here and to California and Texas.^[40]^: 79^[41] Due to its wide host range it was immediately an important priority for the states and for USDA APHIS.^[40]^: 79^[41] Using sterile insect technique it was successfully eradicated from North America entirely.^[40]^: 79^[41]

Tomato Bacterial Spot is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. Tomato Bacterial Speck is produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Both are economically significant in fresh-market tomato here.^[42] See also § Fresh-market tomato and § Treatments in fresh-market tomato.

The Silverleaf Whitefly (SLW, Bemisia tabaci strain B) was first noticed here in 1986.^[43] Previously only the A strain had been known here, and was only occasionally a crop pest.^[43] Suddenly in 1986 SLW was a major crop pest and major vector of crop diseases.^[43] Since then Strain A has disappeared from the United States entirely and Strain B has continued to be a widespread problem here.^[43]

The Saltmarsh Caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) is a common pest of fruit and vegetable cultivation here.^[44]

After arrival in the 1930s in Alabama, the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta) quickly spread here.^[45] It is a significant agricultural drag due to its soil disruption, its mound building interfering with field machines, feeding on the plants themselves, and attacks on livestock.^[45]

Treatments

Treatments in fresh-market tomato

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a plant activator producing systemic acquired resistance (SAR).^[42] In a very widely regarded experiment Louws et al., 2001 used ASM to protect fresh tomato cultivation here against Tomato Bacterial Spot and Tomato Bacterial Speck.^[42] Over four years they treated with ASM as an alternative to copper bactericide and achieved almost total control with no yield loss.^[42] (Some fungicides were required to complement the bacterial control of ASM.)^[42] This result is spoken of worldwide when discussing basic plant biology, SAR, induced systemic resistance, the biology of Xanthomonads, and the need for alternative pesticides due to resistance, including phage therapy in agriculture. See also § Tomato Bacterial Spot, § Tomato Bacterial Speck, and § Fresh-market tomato.

References

^ Hudson, Mark (2019). "FLORIDA AGRICULTURE BY THE NUMBERS-2019" (PDF). Florida Agriculture by the Numbers (2019 ed.): 9.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rosskopf, Erin N.; Chellemi, Daniel O.; Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Church, Gregory T. (2005). "Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: A Florida Perspective". Plant Health Progress. 6 (1). American Phytopathological Society: 19. doi:10.1094/php-2005-1027-01-rv. ISSN 1535-1025. S2CID 221233464.
^ ^a ^b "Florida Agriculture Overview and Statistics". Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Jones, Katie (2022-03-03). "How Plant City became the Winter Strawberry Capital of the World". WTSP. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c Guan, Zhengfei; Wu, Feng; Whidden, Alicia (2020-11-05). "FE1013/FE1013: Florida Strawberry Production Costs and Trends". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
^ ^a ^b "Enjoy fresh Florida strawberries, available December through April!". Florida Strawberry Growers Association. 2018-03-12. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Mertely, J.C.; Oliveira, M. S.; Peres, N. A. (2022-02-15). "PP230/PP152: Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold of Strawberry". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
^ "Special Days & Discounts". Florida Strawberry Festival. 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dowling, Madeline; Peres, Natalia; Villani, Sara; Schnabel, Guido (2020). "Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge". Plant Disease. 104 (9). American Phytopathological Society: 2301–2316. doi:10.1094/pdis-11-19-2378-fe. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 32689886. S2CID 219479598.
^ "Strawberry - Plant Breeding Program". University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF IFAS). 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Iezzoni, Amy F.; McFerson, Jim; Luby, James; Gasic, Ksenija; Whitaker, Vance; Bassil, Nahla; Yue, Chengyan; Gallardo, Karina; McCracken, Vicki; Coe, Michael; Hardner, Craig; Zurn, Jason D.; Hokanson, Stan; van de Weg, Eric; Jung, Sook; Main, Dorrie; da Silva Linge, Cassia; Vanderzande, Stijn; Davis, Thomas M.; Mahoney, Lise L.; Finn, Chad; Peace, Cameron (2020-11-01). "RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops". Horticulture Research. 7 (1). Nature + Nanjing Agricultural University: 177. doi:10.1038/s41438-020-00398-7. ISSN 2662-6810. PMC 7603521. PMID 33328430. S2CID 226217178. ORCIDs: KC 0000-0003-4391-5262. NB 0000-0001-8625-2740. JDZ 0000-0001-8360-486X. EvdW 0000-0002-9443-5974. TMD http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-0524.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Li, Zongyu; Gallardo, R. Karina; McCracken, Vicki; Yue, Chengyan; Whitaker, Vance; McFerson, James R.; Li, Zongyu; Gallardo, R. Karina; McCracken, Vicki; Yue, Chengyan; Whitaker, Vance; McFerson, James R. (2020), "Grower Willingness to Pay for Fruit Quality versus Plant Disease Resistance and Welfare Implications: The Case of Florida Strawberry", Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, doi:10.22004/AG.ECON.302450
^ ^a ^b Verma, S.; Bassil, N.V.; van de Weg, E.; Harrison, R.J.; Monfort, A.; Hidalgo, J.M.; Amaya, I.; Denoyes, B.; Mahoney, L.; Davis, T.M.; Fan, Z.; Knapp, S.; Whitaker, V.M. (2017). "Development and evaluation of the Axiom® IStraw35 384HT array for the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa". Acta Horticulturae (1156). International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS): 75–82. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1156.10. ISSN 0567-7572.
^ Whitaker, Vance M.; Osorio, Luis F.; Peres, Natalia A.; Fan, Zhen; Herrington, Mark; Nunes, M. Cecilia do Nascimento; Plotto, Anne; Sims, Charles A. (2017). "'Florida Beauty' Strawberry". HortScience. 52 (10). American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS): 1443–1447. doi:10.21273/hortsci12281-17. ISSN 0018-5345. S2CID 90693139.
^ "PP359/PP359: Leaf Spot Diseases of Strawberry". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d
- • Petrasch, Stefan; Knapp, Steven J.; van Kan, Jan A. L.; Blanco‐Ulate, Barbara (2019). "Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea". Molecular Plant Pathology. 20 (6). Wiley-Blackwell (British Society for Plant Pathology (BSPP)): 877–892. doi:10.1111/mpp.12794. ISSN 1464-6722. PMC 6637890. PMID 30945788. S2CID 93002697.
- • Amil-Ruiz, Francisco; Blanco-Portales, Rosario; Muñoz-Blanco, Juan; Caballero, José L. (2011). "The Strawberry Plant Defense Mechanism: A Molecular Review". Plant and Cell Physiology. 52 (11). Oxford University Press (Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists): 1873–1903. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcr136. ISSN 1471-9053. PMID 21984602. S2CID 37885279.
- • Chandler, C.K.; Mertely, J.C.; Peres, N. (2006). Waite, G. (ed.). Resistance of Selected Strawberry Cultivars to Anthracnose Fruit Rot and Botrytis Fruit Rot. Proceedings of the Fifth International Strawberry Symposium. Acta Horticulturae. No. 708. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). pp. 123–126. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.708.18. ISSN 0567-7572. S2CID 90412951.
^ Hokanson, Stan; Finn, Chad (2000). "Strawberry Cultivar Use in North America". HortTechnology. 10 (1). American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS): 94–106. doi:10.21273/horttech.10.1.94. ISSN 1063-0198. S2CID 73633201.
^ ^a ^b Wu, Feng; Guan, Zhengfei; Whitaker, Vance (2018-04-03). "Florida Strawberry Growers Need More Early Yield to Improve Profitability". EDIS. 2018 (2). University of Florida George A Smathers Libraries. doi:10.32473/edis-fe1032-2017. ISSN 2576-0009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Pimentel, David; Peshin, Rajinder, eds. (2014). Integrated Pest Management – Pesticide Problems, Vol.3 (1 ed.). Springer Dordrecht. pp. XXI+474+27 b/w illustrations, 33 colour. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5. ISBN 978-94-007-7795-8. S2CID 32316692. ISBN 978-94-024-0022-9. ISBN 978-94-007-7796-5.
^ "Peaches can be profitable in three years: Researcher to growers". Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS). University of Florida. 2022-06-06. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
^ "FE1016/FE1016: Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "RFAC018/AC018: Alternative Opportunities for Small Farms: Peach and Nectarine Production Review". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. 2022-05-06. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hudson, Mark (2019). "Florida Agriculture By The Numbers-2019" (PDF). Florida Agriculture by the Numbers: 23.
^ Hudson, Mark (2019). "FLORIDA AGRICULTURE BY THE NUMBERS-2019" (PDF). Florida Agriculture by the Numbers: 11.
^ Doug Mayo (June 28, 2019). "Florida Panhandle Ag Facts from the 2017 Ag Census". Panhandle Agriculture. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019.
^ "Corn, Green Bean Prices Rise After Florida Freezes". Calorielab. January 1, 2011. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012.
^ "Pollutants threaten the Everglades' future". Earthmagazine.org. January 5, 2012.
^ Moore, Mary Helen (October 8, 2018). "Berry poachers at heart of change in harvest rules". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c "FE1027/FE1027: The US Tomato Industry: An Overview of Production and Trade". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida. 2021-08-30. FE1027. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
^ "Tomatoes". Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. 2022-06-27. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
^ "7 CFR § 457.139 - Fresh market tomato (dollar plan) crop insurance provisions". Legal Information Institute (LII). 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Southern Florida 2005 Okra PMSP". Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers Database. 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
^ Aguiar, José L; McGiffen, Milt; Natwick, Eric; Takele, Etaferahu (2011). Okra Production in California. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR). p. 3. doi:10.3733/ucanr.7210. ISBN 978-1-60107-002-9. 7210.
^ Sarkhosh, Ali; Andersen, Peter C.; Huff, Dustin M. "JAPANESE PERSIMMON CULTIVARS IN FLORIDA1". edis.ifas.ufl.edu. University of Florida. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
^ "Strawberry Advisory System". AgroClimate. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
^ ^a ^b
- Hahn, Matthias (2014-05-28). "The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis as a case study". Journal of Chemical Biology. 7 (4). Springer: 133–141. doi:10.1007/s12154-014-0113-1. ISSN 1864-6158. PMC 4182335. PMID 25320647.
- Mari, Marta; Di francesco, Alessandra; Bertolini, Paolo (2014). "Control of fruit postharvest diseases: old issues and innovative approaches". Stewart Postharvest Review. 10 (1). Stewart Postharvest Solutions: 1–4. doi:10.2212/spr.2014.1.1. ISSN 1745-9656. S2CID 85221316.
- Amiri, A.; Heath, S. M.; Peres, N. A. (2013). "Phenotypic Characterization of Multifungicide Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry Fields in Florida". Plant Disease. 97 (3). American Phytopathological Society: 393–401. doi:10.1094/pdis-08-12-0748-re. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30722364. S2CID 73422752.
^ Doering, Christopher (February 5, 2014). "Nelson lauds effect for state, Rubio opposes wide reach". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. p. 1A. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f
- Prasanna, B.M.; Huesing, J.E.; Eddy, R.; Peschke, V.M. (2018-01-30), Fall Armyworm in Africa: A Guide for Integrated Pest Management, USAID & CIMMYT, hdl:handle/10883/19204, S2CID 90981205
- Chakroun, Maissa; Banyuls, Núria; Bel, Yolanda; Escriche, Baltasar; Ferré, Juan (2016). "Bacterial Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) from Entomopathogenic Bacteria". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 80 (2). American Society for Microbiology: 329–350. doi:10.1128/mmbr.00060-15. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 4867366. PMID 26935135. S2CID 38268030.
- Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Carrière, Yves (2017). "Surge in insect resistance to transgenic crops and prospects for sustainability". Nature Biotechnology. 35 (10). Nature Portfolio: 926–935. doi:10.1038/nbt.3974. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 29020006. S2CID 2882631.
- Huang, Fangneng; Qureshi, Jawwad A.; Meagher, Robert L.; Reisig, Dominic D.; Head, Graham P.; Andow, David A.; Ni, Xinzi; Kerns, David; Buntin, G. David; Niu, Ying; Yang, Fei; Dangal, Vikash (2014-11-17). "Cry1F Resistance in Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: Single Gene versus Pyramided Bt Maize". PLoS ONE. 9 (11). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e112958. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k2958H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112958. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4234506. PMID 25401494. S2CID 4578967.
^ ^a ^b ^c
- • Tay, Wee Tek; Gordon, Karl Heinrich Julius (2019). "Going global – genomic insights into insect invasions". Current Opinion in Insect Science. 31. Elsevier: 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2018.12.002. ISSN 2214-5745. PMID 31109665. S2CID 92033565.
- • Heckel, David G. (2020). "How do toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis kill insects? An evolutionary perspective". Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 104 (2). Wiley Publishing: e21673. doi:10.1002/arch.21673. ISSN 0739-4462. PMID 32212396. S2CID 214645874.
- • Banerjee, Rahul; Hasler, James; Meagher, Robert; Nagoshi, Rodney; Hietala, Lucas; Huang, Fangneng; Narva, Kenneth; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis (2017). "Mechanism and DNA-based detection of field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)". Scientific Reports. 7 (1). Nature: 10877. Bibcode:2017NatSR...710877B. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09866-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5589895. PMID 28883440. S2CID 205594922.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vacante, Vincenzo; Kreiter, Serge (2018). Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming. Wallingford, UK: CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). doi:10.1079/9781780644998.0000. ISBN 978-1-78064-499-8. S2CID 133927322.
^ ^a ^b ^c "History Highlight: APHIS Battles Mediterranean Fruit Fly". USDA APHIS. 2022-05-16. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e
- Louws, F. J.; Wilson, M.; Campbell, H. L.; Cuppels, D. A.; Jones, J. B.; Shoemaker, P. B.; Sahin, F.; Miller, S. A. (2001). "Field Control of Bacterial Spot and Bacterial Speck of Tomato Using a Plant Activator". Plant Disease. 85 (5). Scientific Societies: 481–488. doi:10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.481. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30823123. S2CID 73460581.
- Balogh, B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Iriarte, F.; Momol, M. (2010-01-01). "Phage Therapy for Plant Disease Control". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 11 (1). Bentham Science Publishers: 48–57. doi:10.2174/138920110790725302. ISSN 1389-2010. PMID 20214607. S2CID 20820594.
- Jones, J.B.; Jackson, L.E.; Balogh, B.; Obradovic, A.; Iriarte, F.B.; Momol, M.T. (2007-09-08). "Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 45 (1). Annual Reviews: 245–262. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 17386003. S2CID 5855317.
- Vallad, Gary E.; Goodman, Robert M. (2004). "Systemic Acquired Resistance and Induced Systemic Resistance in Conventional Agriculture". Crop Science. 44 (6). Crop Science Society of America (Wiley): 1920–1934. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.1920. ISSN 0011-183X. S2CID 6247143.
- Bostock, Richard M. (2005-09-01). "Signal Crosstalk and Induced Resistance: Straddling the Line Between Cost and Benefit". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 43 (1). Annual Reviews: 545–580. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095505. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 16078895. S2CID 21909342.
- Beckers, Gerold J. M.; Conrath, Uwe (2007). "Priming for stress resistance: from the lab to the field". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 10 (4). Elsevier: 425–431. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.002. ISSN 1369-5266. PMID 17644024. S2CID 23649117.
- Walters, Dale; Heil, Martin (2007). "Costs and trade-offs associated with induced resistance". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 71 (1–3). Elsevier: 3–17. doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.09.008. ISSN 0885-5765. S2CID 83039636.
- Potnis, Neha; Timilsina, Sujan; Strayer, Amanda; Shantharaj, Deepak; Barak, Jeri D.; Paret, Mathews L.; Vallad, Gary E.; Jones, Jeffrey B. (2015-04-29). "Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: diverse Xanthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge". Molecular Plant Pathology. 16 (9). British Society for Plant Pathology (Wiley): 907–920. doi:10.1111/mpp.12244. ISSN 1464-6722. PMC 6638463. PMID 25649754. S2CID 22892749.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) or Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring". University of Florida Entomology Department. 2002-11-05. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
^ Capinera, John (April 2016). "saltmarsh caterpillar - Estigmene acrea (Drury)". University of Florida Entomology Department. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
^ ^a ^b "red imported fire ant - Solenopsis invicta". University of Florida Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - (UF/IFAS). 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2022-07-31.

[1] Hudson, Mark (2019). "FLORIDA AGRICULTURE BY THE NUMBERS-2019" (PDF). Florida Agriculture by the Numbers (2019 ed.): 9.

[Rosskopf-et-al-2005-2] Rosskopf, Erin N.; Chellemi, Daniel O.; Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Church, Gregory T. (2005). "Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: A Florida Perspective". Plant Health Progress. 6 (1). American Phytopathological Society: 19. doi:10.1094/php-2005-1027-01-rv. ISSN 1535-1025. S2CID 221233464.

[FDACS-stats-3] "Florida Agriculture Overview and Statistics". Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2022-04-28.

[Jones-2022-4] Jones, Katie (2022-03-03). "How Plant City became the Winter Strawberry Capital of the World". WTSP. Retrieved 2022-06-03.

[UFl-IFAS-strawb-prod-5] Guan, Zhengfei; Wu, Feng; Whidden, Alicia (2020-11-05). "FE1013/FE1013: Florida Strawberry Production Costs and Trends". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. Retrieved 2022-06-03.

[FSGA-6] "Enjoy fresh Florida strawberries, available December through April!". Florida Strawberry Growers Association. 2018-03-12. Retrieved 2022-06-03.

[IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Mertely, J.C.; Oliveira, M. S.; Peres, N. A. (2022-02-15). "PP230/PP152: Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold of Strawberry". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. Retrieved 2022-06-03.

[Strawb-Fest-8] "Special Days & Discounts". Florida Strawberry Festival. 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2022-06-03.

[Dowling-et-al-2020-9] Dowling, Madeline; Peres, Natalia; Villani, Sara; Schnabel, Guido (2020). "Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge". Plant Disease. 104 (9). American Phytopathological Society: 2301–2316. doi:10.1094/pdis-11-19-2378-fe. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 32689886. S2CID 219479598.

[U-Florida-straw-breed-10] "Strawberry - Plant Breeding Program". University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF IFAS). 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2022-07-23.

[Ros-Breed-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Iezzoni, Amy F.; McFerson, Jim; Luby, James; Gasic, Ksenija; Whitaker, Vance; Bassil, Nahla; Yue, Chengyan; Gallardo, Karina; McCracken, Vicki; Coe, Michael; Hardner, Craig; Zurn, Jason D.; Hokanson, Stan; van de Weg, Eric; Jung, Sook; Main, Dorrie; da Silva Linge, Cassia; Vanderzande, Stijn; Davis, Thomas M.; Mahoney, Lise L.; Finn, Chad; Peace, Cameron (2020-11-01). "RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops". Horticulture Research. 7 (1). Nature + Nanjing Agricultural University: 177. doi:10.1038/s41438-020-00398-7. ISSN 2662-6810. PMC 7603521. PMID 33328430. S2CID 226217178. ORCIDs: KC 0000-0003-4391-5262. NB 0000-0001-8625-2740. JDZ 0000-0001-8360-486X. EvdW 0000-0002-9443-5974. TMD http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-0524.

[Ros-Breed-2-12] Li, Zongyu; Gallardo, R. Karina; McCracken, Vicki; Yue, Chengyan; Whitaker, Vance; McFerson, James R.; Li, Zongyu; Gallardo, R. Karina; McCracken, Vicki; Yue, Chengyan; Whitaker, Vance; McFerson, James R. (2020), "Grower Willingness to Pay for Fruit Quality versus Plant Disease Resistance and Welfare Implications: The Case of Florida Strawberry", Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, doi:10.22004/AG.ECON.302450

[Axiom-35k-13] Verma, S.; Bassil, N.V.; van de Weg, E.; Harrison, R.J.; Monfort, A.; Hidalgo, J.M.; Amaya, I.; Denoyes, B.; Mahoney, L.; Davis, T.M.; Fan, Z.; Knapp, S.; Whitaker, V.M. (2017). "Development and evaluation of the Axiom® IStraw35 384HT array for the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa". Acta Horticulturae (1156). International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS): 75–82. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1156.10. ISSN 0567-7572.

[Florida-Beauty-14] Whitaker, Vance M.; Osorio, Luis F.; Peres, Natalia A.; Fan, Zhen; Herrington, Mark; Nunes, M. Cecilia do Nascimento; Plotto, Anne; Sims, Charles A. (2017). "'Florida Beauty' Strawberry". HortScience. 52 (10). American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS): 1443–1447. doi:10.21273/hortsci12281-17. ISSN 0018-5345. S2CID 90693139.

[Straw-Spot-15] "PP359/PP359: Leaf Spot Diseases of Strawberry". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2022-07-19.

[Dover-Florida-16] 
• Petrasch, Stefan; Knapp, Steven J.; van Kan, Jan A. L.; Blanco‐Ulate, Barbara (2019). "Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea". Molecular Plant Pathology. 20 (6). Wiley-Blackwell (British Society for Plant Pathology (BSPP)): 877–892. doi:10.1111/mpp.12794. ISSN 1464-6722. PMC 6637890. PMID 30945788. S2CID 93002697.
• Amil-Ruiz, Francisco; Blanco-Portales, Rosario; Muñoz-Blanco, Juan; Caballero, José L. (2011). "The Strawberry Plant Defense Mechanism: A Molecular Review". Plant and Cell Physiology. 52 (11). Oxford University Press (Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists): 1873–1903. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcr136. ISSN 1471-9053. PMID 21984602. S2CID 37885279.
• Chandler, C.K.; Mertely, J.C.; Peres, N. (2006). Waite, G. (ed.). Resistance of Selected Strawberry Cultivars to Anthracnose Fruit Rot and Botrytis Fruit Rot. Proceedings of the Fifth International Strawberry Symposium. Acta Horticulturae. No. 708. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). pp. 123–126. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.708.18. ISSN 0567-7572. S2CID 90412951.

[17] • Petrasch, Stefan; Knapp, Steven J.; van Kan, Jan A. L.; Blanco‐Ulate, Barbara (2019). "Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea". Molecular Plant Pathology. 20 (6). Wiley-Blackwell (British Society for Plant Pathology (BSPP)): 877–892. doi:10.1111/mpp.12794. ISSN 1464-6722. PMC 6637890. PMID 30945788. S2CID 93002697.

[18] • Amil-Ruiz, Francisco; Blanco-Portales, Rosario; Muñoz-Blanco, Juan; Caballero, José L. (2011). "The Strawberry Plant Defense Mechanism: A Molecular Review". Plant and Cell Physiology. 52 (11). Oxford University Press (Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists): 1873–1903. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcr136. ISSN 1471-9053. PMID 21984602. S2CID 37885279.

[19] • Chandler, C.K.; Mertely, J.C.; Peres, N. (2006). Waite, G. (ed.). Resistance of Selected Strawberry Cultivars to Anthracnose Fruit Rot and Botrytis Fruit Rot. Proceedings of the Fifth International Strawberry Symposium. Acta Horticulturae. No. 708. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). pp. 123–126. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.708.18. ISSN 0567-7572. S2CID 90412951.

[North-America-varieties-17] Hokanson, Stan; Finn, Chad (2000). "Strawberry Cultivar Use in North America". HortTechnology. 10 (1). American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS): 94–106. doi:10.21273/horttech.10.1.94. ISSN 1063-0198. S2CID 73633201.

[More-Yield-18] Wu, Feng; Guan, Zhengfei; Whitaker, Vance (2018-04-03). "Florida Strawberry Growers Need More Early Yield to Improve Profitability". EDIS. 2018 (2). University of Florida George A Smathers Libraries. doi:10.32473/edis-fe1032-2017. ISSN 2576-0009.

[Pimentel-Peshin-2014-19] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Pimentel, David; Peshin, Rajinder, eds. (2014). Integrated Pest Management – Pesticide Problems, Vol.3 (1 ed.). Springer Dordrecht. pp. XXI+474+27 b/w illustrations, 33 colour. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5. ISBN 978-94-007-7795-8. S2CID 32316692. ISBN 978-94-024-0022-9. ISBN 978-94-007-7796-5.

[UFl-IFAS-peach-profit-20] "Peaches can be profitable in three years: Researcher to growers". Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS). University of Florida. 2022-06-06. Retrieved 2022-06-08.

[UFl-IFAS-EDIS-peach-econ-21] "FE1016/FE1016: Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2022-06-08.

[UFl-IFAS-EDIS-peach-nect-22] "RFAC018/AC018: Alternative Opportunities for Small Farms: Peach and Nectarine Production Review". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), UFl. 2022-05-06. Retrieved 2022-06-08.

[:0-23] Hudson, Mark (2019). "Florida Agriculture By The Numbers-2019" (PDF). Florida Agriculture by the Numbers: 23.

[24] Hudson, Mark (2019). "FLORIDA AGRICULTURE BY THE NUMBERS-2019" (PDF). Florida Agriculture by the Numbers: 11.

[Mayo2019-25] Doug Mayo (June 28, 2019). "Florida Panhandle Ag Facts from the 2017 Ag Census". Panhandle Agriculture. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019.

[26] "Corn, Green Bean Prices Rise After Florida Freezes". Calorielab. January 1, 2011. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012.

[27] "Pollutants threaten the Everglades' future". Earthmagazine.org. January 5, 2012.

[28] Moore, Mary Helen (October 8, 2018). "Berry poachers at heart of change in harvest rules". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A. Retrieved October 9, 2018.

[UFl-IFAS-EDIS-tomato-29] "FE1027/FE1027: The US Tomato Industry: An Overview of Production and Trade". Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida. 2021-08-30. FE1027. Retrieved 2022-06-28.

[tom-AgMarketResCent-30] "Tomatoes". Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. 2022-06-27. Retrieved 2022-06-28.

[fresh-tom-Fed-Crop-Insur-31] "7 CFR § 457.139 - Fresh market tomato (dollar plan) crop insurance provisions". Legal Information Institute (LII). 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2022-06-28.

[SFl-okra-IPM-32] "Southern Florida 2005 Okra PMSP". Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers Database. 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2022-06-30.

[UCANR-okra-33] Aguiar, José L; McGiffen, Milt; Natwick, Eric; Takele, Etaferahu (2011). Okra Production in California. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR). p. 3. doi:10.3733/ucanr.7210. ISBN 978-1-60107-002-9. 7210.

[Florida-34] Sarkhosh, Ali; Andersen, Peter C.; Huff, Dustin M. "JAPANESE PERSIMMON CULTIVARS IN FLORIDA1". edis.ifas.ufl.edu. University of Florida. Retrieved 10 May 2022.

[Strawberry-Adv-Sys-35] "Strawberry Advisory System". AgroClimate. Retrieved 2022-06-03.

[Amiri-et-al-2013-bundle-36] 
Hahn, Matthias (2014-05-28). "The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis as a case study". Journal of Chemical Biology. 7 (4). Springer: 133–141. doi:10.1007/s12154-014-0113-1. ISSN 1864-6158. PMC 4182335. PMID 25320647.
Mari, Marta; Di francesco, Alessandra; Bertolini, Paolo (2014). "Control of fruit postharvest diseases: old issues and innovative approaches". Stewart Postharvest Review. 10 (1). Stewart Postharvest Solutions: 1–4. doi:10.2212/spr.2014.1.1. ISSN 1745-9656. S2CID 85221316.
Amiri, A.; Heath, S. M.; Peres, N. A. (2013). "Phenotypic Characterization of Multifungicide Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry Fields in Florida". Plant Disease. 97 (3). American Phytopathological Society: 393–401. doi:10.1094/pdis-08-12-0748-re. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30722364. S2CID 73422752.

[40] Hahn, Matthias (2014-05-28). "The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis as a case study". Journal of Chemical Biology. 7 (4). Springer: 133–141. doi:10.1007/s12154-014-0113-1. ISSN 1864-6158. PMC 4182335. PMID 25320647.

[41] Mari, Marta; Di francesco, Alessandra; Bertolini, Paolo (2014). "Control of fruit postharvest diseases: old issues and innovative approaches". Stewart Postharvest Review. 10 (1). Stewart Postharvest Solutions: 1–4. doi:10.2212/spr.2014.1.1. ISSN 1745-9656. S2CID 85221316.

[42] Amiri, A.; Heath, S. M.; Peres, N. A. (2013). "Phenotypic Characterization of Multifungicide Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry Fields in Florida". Plant Disease. 97 (3). American Phytopathological Society: 393–401. doi:10.1094/pdis-08-12-0748-re. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30722364. S2CID 73422752.

[37] Doering, Christopher (February 5, 2014). "Nelson lauds effect for state, Rubio opposes wide reach". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. p. 1A. Retrieved February 5, 2014.

[Huang-et-al-2014-bundle-38] 
Prasanna, B.M.; Huesing, J.E.; Eddy, R.; Peschke, V.M. (2018-01-30), Fall Armyworm in Africa: A Guide for Integrated Pest Management, USAID & CIMMYT, hdl:handle/10883/19204, S2CID 90981205
Chakroun, Maissa; Banyuls, Núria; Bel, Yolanda; Escriche, Baltasar; Ferré, Juan (2016). "Bacterial Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) from Entomopathogenic Bacteria". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 80 (2). American Society for Microbiology: 329–350. doi:10.1128/mmbr.00060-15. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 4867366. PMID 26935135. S2CID 38268030.
Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Carrière, Yves (2017). "Surge in insect resistance to transgenic crops and prospects for sustainability". Nature Biotechnology. 35 (10). Nature Portfolio: 926–935. doi:10.1038/nbt.3974. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 29020006. S2CID 2882631.
Huang, Fangneng; Qureshi, Jawwad A.; Meagher, Robert L.; Reisig, Dominic D.; Head, Graham P.; Andow, David A.; Ni, Xinzi; Kerns, David; Buntin, G. David; Niu, Ying; Yang, Fei; Dangal, Vikash (2014-11-17). "Cry1F Resistance in Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: Single Gene versus Pyramided Bt Maize". PLoS ONE. 9 (11). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e112958. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k2958H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112958. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4234506. PMID 25401494. S2CID 4578967.

[45] Prasanna, B.M.; Huesing, J.E.; Eddy, R.; Peschke, V.M. (2018-01-30), Fall Armyworm in Africa: A Guide for Integrated Pest Management, USAID & CIMMYT, hdl:handle/10883/19204, S2CID 90981205

[46] Chakroun, Maissa; Banyuls, Núria; Bel, Yolanda; Escriche, Baltasar; Ferré, Juan (2016). "Bacterial Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) from Entomopathogenic Bacteria". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 80 (2). American Society for Microbiology: 329–350. doi:10.1128/mmbr.00060-15. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 4867366. PMID 26935135. S2CID 38268030.

[47] Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Carrière, Yves (2017). "Surge in insect resistance to transgenic crops and prospects for sustainability". Nature Biotechnology. 35 (10). Nature Portfolio: 926–935. doi:10.1038/nbt.3974. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 29020006. S2CID 2882631.

[48] Huang, Fangneng; Qureshi, Jawwad A.; Meagher, Robert L.; Reisig, Dominic D.; Head, Graham P.; Andow, David A.; Ni, Xinzi; Kerns, David; Buntin, G. David; Niu, Ying; Yang, Fei; Dangal, Vikash (2014-11-17). "Cry1F Resistance in Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: Single Gene versus Pyramided Bt Maize". PLoS ONE. 9 (11). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e112958. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k2958H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112958. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4234506. PMID 25401494. S2CID 4578967.

[ABC-Puerto-Rico-39] 
• Tay, Wee Tek; Gordon, Karl Heinrich Julius (2019). "Going global – genomic insights into insect invasions". Current Opinion in Insect Science. 31. Elsevier: 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2018.12.002. ISSN 2214-5745. PMID 31109665. S2CID 92033565.
• Heckel, David G. (2020). "How do toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis kill insects? An evolutionary perspective". Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 104 (2). Wiley Publishing: e21673. doi:10.1002/arch.21673. ISSN 0739-4462. PMID 32212396. S2CID 214645874.
• Banerjee, Rahul; Hasler, James; Meagher, Robert; Nagoshi, Rodney; Hietala, Lucas; Huang, Fangneng; Narva, Kenneth; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis (2017). "Mechanism and DNA-based detection of field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)". Scientific Reports. 7 (1). Nature: 10877. Bibcode:2017NatSR...710877B. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09866-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5589895. PMID 28883440. S2CID 205594922.

[50] • Tay, Wee Tek; Gordon, Karl Heinrich Julius (2019). "Going global – genomic insights into insect invasions". Current Opinion in Insect Science. 31. Elsevier: 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2018.12.002. ISSN 2214-5745. PMID 31109665. S2CID 92033565.

[51] • Heckel, David G. (2020). "How do toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis kill insects? An evolutionary perspective". Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 104 (2). Wiley Publishing: e21673. doi:10.1002/arch.21673. ISSN 0739-4462. PMID 32212396. S2CID 214645874.

[52] • Banerjee, Rahul; Hasler, James; Meagher, Robert; Nagoshi, Rodney; Hietala, Lucas; Huang, Fangneng; Narva, Kenneth; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis (2017). "Mechanism and DNA-based detection of field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)". Scientific Reports. 7 (1). Nature: 10877. Bibcode:2017NatSR...710877B. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09866-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5589895. PMID 28883440. S2CID 205594922.

[Vacante-Kreiter-2018-40] Vacante, Vincenzo; Kreiter, Serge (2018). Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming. Wallingford, UK: CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). doi:10.1079/9781780644998.0000. ISBN 978-1-78064-499-8. S2CID 133927322.

[medfly-USDA-APHIS-41] "History Highlight: APHIS Battles Mediterranean Fruit Fly". USDA APHIS. 2022-05-16. Retrieved 2022-06-17.

[Louws-et-al-2001-bundle-42] 
Louws, F. J.; Wilson, M.; Campbell, H. L.; Cuppels, D. A.; Jones, J. B.; Shoemaker, P. B.; Sahin, F.; Miller, S. A. (2001). "Field Control of Bacterial Spot and Bacterial Speck of Tomato Using a Plant Activator". Plant Disease. 85 (5). Scientific Societies: 481–488. doi:10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.481. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30823123. S2CID 73460581.
Balogh, B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Iriarte, F.; Momol, M. (2010-01-01). "Phage Therapy for Plant Disease Control". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 11 (1). Bentham Science Publishers: 48–57. doi:10.2174/138920110790725302. ISSN 1389-2010. PMID 20214607. S2CID 20820594.
Jones, J.B.; Jackson, L.E.; Balogh, B.; Obradovic, A.; Iriarte, F.B.; Momol, M.T. (2007-09-08). "Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 45 (1). Annual Reviews: 245–262. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 17386003. S2CID 5855317.
Vallad, Gary E.; Goodman, Robert M. (2004). "Systemic Acquired Resistance and Induced Systemic Resistance in Conventional Agriculture". Crop Science. 44 (6). Crop Science Society of America (Wiley): 1920–1934. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.1920. ISSN 0011-183X. S2CID 6247143.
Bostock, Richard M. (2005-09-01). "Signal Crosstalk and Induced Resistance: Straddling the Line Between Cost and Benefit". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 43 (1). Annual Reviews: 545–580. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095505. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 16078895. S2CID 21909342.
Beckers, Gerold J. M.; Conrath, Uwe (2007). "Priming for stress resistance: from the lab to the field". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 10 (4). Elsevier: 425–431. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.002. ISSN 1369-5266. PMID 17644024. S2CID 23649117.
Walters, Dale; Heil, Martin (2007). "Costs and trade-offs associated with induced resistance". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 71 (1–3). Elsevier: 3–17. doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.09.008. ISSN 0885-5765. S2CID 83039636.
Potnis, Neha; Timilsina, Sujan; Strayer, Amanda; Shantharaj, Deepak; Barak, Jeri D.; Paret, Mathews L.; Vallad, Gary E.; Jones, Jeffrey B. (2015-04-29). "Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: diverse Xanthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge". Molecular Plant Pathology. 16 (9). British Society for Plant Pathology (Wiley): 907–920. doi:10.1111/mpp.12244. ISSN 1464-6722. PMC 6638463. PMID 25649754. S2CID 22892749.

[56] Louws, F. J.; Wilson, M.; Campbell, H. L.; Cuppels, D. A.; Jones, J. B.; Shoemaker, P. B.; Sahin, F.; Miller, S. A. (2001). "Field Control of Bacterial Spot and Bacterial Speck of Tomato Using a Plant Activator". Plant Disease. 85 (5). Scientific Societies: 481–488. doi:10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.481. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30823123. S2CID 73460581.

[57] Balogh, B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Iriarte, F.; Momol, M. (2010-01-01). "Phage Therapy for Plant Disease Control". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 11 (1). Bentham Science Publishers: 48–57. doi:10.2174/138920110790725302. ISSN 1389-2010. PMID 20214607. S2CID 20820594.

[58] Jones, J.B.; Jackson, L.E.; Balogh, B.; Obradovic, A.; Iriarte, F.B.; Momol, M.T. (2007-09-08). "Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 45 (1). Annual Reviews: 245–262. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 17386003. S2CID 5855317.

[59] Vallad, Gary E.; Goodman, Robert M. (2004). "Systemic Acquired Resistance and Induced Systemic Resistance in Conventional Agriculture". Crop Science. 44 (6). Crop Science Society of America (Wiley): 1920–1934. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.1920. ISSN 0011-183X. S2CID 6247143.

[60] Bostock, Richard M. (2005-09-01). "Signal Crosstalk and Induced Resistance: Straddling the Line Between Cost and Benefit". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 43 (1). Annual Reviews: 545–580. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095505. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 16078895. S2CID 21909342.

[61] Beckers, Gerold J. M.; Conrath, Uwe (2007). "Priming for stress resistance: from the lab to the field". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 10 (4). Elsevier: 425–431. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.002. ISSN 1369-5266. PMID 17644024. S2CID 23649117.

[62] Walters, Dale; Heil, Martin (2007). "Costs and trade-offs associated with induced resistance". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 71 (1–3). Elsevier: 3–17. doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.09.008. ISSN 0885-5765. S2CID 83039636.

[63] Potnis, Neha; Timilsina, Sujan; Strayer, Amanda; Shantharaj, Deepak; Barak, Jeri D.; Paret, Mathews L.; Vallad, Gary E.; Jones, Jeffrey B. (2015-04-29). "Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: diverse Xanthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge". Molecular Plant Pathology. 16 (9). British Society for Plant Pathology (Wiley): 907–920. doi:10.1111/mpp.12244. ISSN 1464-6722. PMC 6638463. PMID 25649754. S2CID 22892749.

[UFl-Entomo-43] "Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) or Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring". University of Florida Entomology Department. 2002-11-05. Retrieved 2022-07-09.

[UFl-Salt-Marsh-44] Capinera, John (April 2016). "saltmarsh caterpillar - Estigmene acrea (Drury)". University of Florida Entomology Department. Retrieved 2022-07-20.

[University-of-Florida-RIFA-45] "red imported fire ant - Solenopsis invicta". University of Florida Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - (UF/IFAS). 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2022-07-31.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+Florida was ranked in 2019, "first in the value of production for fresh market [[bell pepper]]s and [[tomato]]es, as well as [[grapefruit]], [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[sugarcane]], and [[watermelon]]s" in the United States according to [[Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services|''Florida Agriculture by the Numbers'']].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hudson |first=Mark |date=2019 |title=FLORIDA AGRICULTURE BY THE NUMBERS-2019 |url=https://www.fdacs.gov/ezs3download/download/78734/2318004/Media/Files/Marketing-Development-Files/Florida-Agriculture-by-the-Numbers-2016-Statistical-Report/FL-Agriculture-by-the-Numbers-2019.pdf |journal=Florida Agriculture by the Numbers |edition=2019 |pages=9}}</ref> In 2002 peppers and tomatoes were #1 and #2 in dollar value for the state and [[Citrus|citrus fruit]], especially oranges, were also a major part of the economy.<ref name="Rosskopf-et-al-2005">{{cite journal |last1=Rosskopf |first1=Erin N. |last2=Chellemi |first2=Daniel O. |last3=Kokalis-Burelle |first3=Nancy |last4=Church |first4=Gregory T. |year=2005 |title=Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: A Florida Perspective |journal=[[Plant Health Progress]] |publisher=[[American Phytopathological Society]] |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=19 |doi=10.1094/php-2005-1027-01-rv |issn=1535-1025 |s2cid=221233464}}</ref> By 2019 tomatoes were #1, oranges #2, and peppers were #3.<ref name="FDACS-stats">{{cite web |date=2020-01-01 |title=Florida Agriculture Overview and Statistics |url=http://www.fdacs.gov/Agriculture-Industry/Florida-Agriculture-Overview-and-Statistics |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=[[Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services]]}}</ref> Of exports, meat is Florida's biggest earner.<ref name="FDACS-stats" /> Florida produces the majority of citrus fruit grown in the United States.
-#REDIRECT [[Economy of Florida#Agriculture]]
+{{anchor|Strawberries}}
-{{Redirect category shell|1=
+==== Strawberry ====
-{{R to section}}
+[[Strawberry]] is another major [[crop]] here.<ref name="Jones-2022">{{cite web | last=Jones | first=Katie | title=How Plant City became the Winter Strawberry Capital of the World | website=[[WTSP]] | date=2022-03-03 | url=http://www.wtsp.com/article/life/welcome-to-florida/plant-city-florida-strawberry-festival/67-7876c747-a445-4f8e-aef8-b9694d55f1c6 | access-date=2022-06-03}}</ref><ref name="UFl-IFAS-strawb-prod">{{cite web | title=FE1013/FE1013: Florida Strawberry Production Costs and Trends | website=Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) | publisher=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (IFAS), UFl | date=2020-11-05 | url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1013 | access-date=2022-06-03 | first1=Zhengfei | last1=Guan | first2=Feng | last2=Wu | first3=Alicia | last3=Whidden}}</ref> Florida is second only to [[Strawberries in California|California for strawberry production]] by volume and by dollars per year<ref name="Jones-2022" /><ref name="UFl-IFAS-strawb-prod" /> and the [[Plant City]] area grows {{frac|3|4}} of America's ''winter'' strawberries.<ref name="Jones-2022" /> The {{visible anchor|Florida Strawberry Growers Association}} represents growers here.<ref name="FSGA">{{cite web | title=Enjoy fresh Florida strawberries, available December through April! | website=[[Florida Strawberry Growers Association]] | date=2018-03-12 | url=http://floridastrawberry.org/ | access-date=2022-06-03}}</ref> Strawberry gray mold is economically important.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> This is the Botrytis Fruit Rot of strawberries caused by ''Botrytis cinerea''.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> (See ''{{section link||Botrytis cinerea}}''.)<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> Growers here ship strawberries December to April.<ref name="FSGA" /> The [[Florida Strawberry Festival|state's Strawberry Festival]] is held in March every year in Plant City.<ref name="Strawb-Fest">{{cite web | title=Special Days & Discounts | website=Florida Strawberry Festival | date=2017-11-08 | url=http://flstrawberryfestival.com/information/special-days-discounts/ | access-date=2022-06-03}}</ref><ref name="Jones-2022" /> Anthracnose is a common disease of this crop, see {{section link||Strawberry anthracnose}}.<ref name="Dowling-et-al-2020">{{cite journal | last1=Dowling | first1=Madeline | last2=Peres | first2=Natalia | last3=Villani | first3=Sara | last4=Schnabel | first4=Guido | title=Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge | journal=[[Plant Disease (journal)|Plant Disease]] | publisher=[[American Phytopathological Society]] | volume=104 | issue=9 | year=2020 | issn=0191-2917 | doi=10.1094/pdis-11-19-2378-fe | pages=2301–2316| pmid=32689886 | s2cid=219479598 }}</ref> The [[University of Florida]] operates<ref name="U-Florida-straw-breed">{{cite web | access-date=2022-07-23 | date=2022-07-08 | website=University of Florida [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (UF IFAS) | url=https://programs.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-breeding/strawberry/ | title=Strawberry - Plant Breeding Program}}</ref> one of the most important [[breeding of strawberry|strawberry demonstration breeding]] programs in North America.<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> {{visible anchor|RosBREED 2}} was developed partly from the experience of this program<ref name="Ros-Breed-2" /> with the need to combine desirable strawberry qualities with [[crop disease resistance|resistance]], an integral part of the {{visible anchor|RosBREED}} program for [[Rosaceae]] in America.<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> They adapted<ref name="Axiom-35k" /> [[Axiom (company)|Axiom]]'s 90k [[SNP array]] to a more economical 35k for [[genomic selection]] in the program.<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> [[Molecular breeding]] has improved greatly in the few years {{as of|2020|alt=up to 2020}} and the rapid generation cycle of strawberry also helps to speed up [[breeding of strawberry|breeding]].<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> This program bred ''[[Phytophthora cactorum]]'' root rot resistance into their new cv. '{{visible anchor|Florida Beauty}}',<ref name="Florida-Beauty">{{cite journal | year=2017 | issue=10 | volume=52 | last1=Whitaker | publisher=[[American Society for Horticultural Science]] (ASHS) | journal=[[HortScience]] | first1=Vance M. | last2=Osorio | first2=Luis F. | last3=Peres | first3=Natalia A. | last4=Fan | first4=Zhen | last5=Herrington | first5=Mark | last6=Nunes | first6=M. Cecilia do Nascimento | last7=Plotto | first7=Anne | last8=Sims | first8=Charles A. | title='Florida Beauty' Strawberry | issn=0018-5345 | doi=10.21273/hortsci12281-17 | pages=1443–1447| s2cid=90693139 }}</ref><ref name="Ros-Breed" /> and for an even better example, they were able to [[gene pyramiding|pyramid]] together three [[disease resistance in strawberry|disease resistance]] traits, to various ''[[Xanthomonas]]'', ''[[Phytophthora]]'', and ''[[Colletotrichum]]'', into another [[cultivar of strawberry|cultivar]].<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> [[Marker-assisted parental selection]] (MAPS) and [[marker-assisted seedling selection]] (MASS) are now targeting ''{{visible anchor|Ca1}}'' for [[fruit and crown rot]], ''{{visible anchor|Cg1}}'' for [[crown rot]], ''{{visible anchor|Pc2}}'' for [[root and crown rot]], and {{visible anchor|Xf1}} for [[bacterial angular leaf spot]].<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> Molecular breeding is usually suitable for [[monogenic trait]]s, while [[polygenic]]s are handled by genome-wide analysis.<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> Genomics proved better than [[pedigree chart|pedigree records]] for predicting actually results.<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> These results lead the program to combine both genomic and [[genetic locus|locus]]-specific testing for their routine breeding.<ref name="Ros-Breed" /> {{visible anchor|Leaf Spot of Strawberry|Mycosphaerella fragariae|Ramularia tulasnei|Ramularia|Ramularia Leaf Spot|Mycosphaerella Leaf Spot}} (''[[Mycosphaerella fragariae]]''/''Ramularia tulasnei'', Ramularia or Ramularia Leaf Spot) is common here.<ref name="Straw-Spot">{{cite web | access-date=2022-07-19 | date=2020-11-13 | website=Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) | publisher=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (IFAS), UFl | url=https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/PP359 | title=PP359/PP359: Leaf Spot Diseases of Strawberry}}</ref>
-{{R with possibilities}}
-}}
+cv. '[[Camino Real (variety)|Camino Real]]' is unusually [[crop disease susceptibility|vulnerable]] to Botrytis Fruit Rot in the conditions around the [[University of Florida]]'s Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in [[Dover, Florida|Dover]].<ref name="Dover-Florida" /> Chandler ''et al.'', 2006 finds 'CR' is the worst among several common varieties, although '{{Pslink||Sweet Charlie}}' can be close.<ref name="Dover-Florida" /> It is possible that the Botrytis problem in 'CR' could be remedied with different [[fungicide]] timing.<ref name="Dover-Florida" /> (See also {{section link||Botrytis Fruit Rot}}.)
+cv. '{{ Visible anchor | Sweet Charlie }}' was developed at [[University of Florida|U Fla]].<ref name="North-America-varieties">{{cite journal | year=2000 | first2=Chad | first1=Stan | last2=Finn | issue=1 | volume=10 | publisher=[[American Society for Horticultural Science]] (ASHS) | issn=1063-0198 | journal=[[HortTechnology]] | last1=Hokanson | pages=94–106 | s2cid=73633201 | doi=10.21273/horttech.10.1.94 | title=Strawberry Cultivar Use in North America}}</ref> Chandler ''et al.'', 2006 finds 'SC' is consistently somewhat susceptible to Botrytis Fruit Rot,<ref name="Dover-Florida">
+   {{Unbulleted list citebundle
+      |{{*}} {{cite journal | issue=6 | date=2019 | volume=20 | first4=Barbara | first2=Steven J. | pages=877–892 | publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] ([[British Society for Plant Pathology]] (BSPP)) | last1=Petrasch | first1=Stefan | last2=Knapp | last3=van Kan | first3=Jan A. L. | last4=Blanco‐Ulate | journal=[[Molecular Plant Pathology]] | title=Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen ''Botrytis cinerea'' | issn=1464-6722 | doi=10.1111/mpp.12794 | s2cid=93002697 | pmid=30945788 | pmc=6637890}}
+      |{{*}} {{cite journal | date=2011 | issue=11 | volume=52 | first3=Juan | first1=Francisco | first2=Rosario | first4=José L. | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] ([[Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists]]) | journal=[[Plant and Cell Physiology]] | issn=1471-9053 | last1=Amil-Ruiz | last2=Blanco-Portales | last3=Muñoz-Blanco | last4=Caballero | title=The Strawberry Plant Defense Mechanism: A Molecular Review | doi=10.1093/pcp/pcr136 | pages=1873–1903 | s2cid=37885279 | pmid=21984602}}
+      |{{*}} {{cite conference | year=2006 | editor-first=G. | first3=N. | first2=J.C. | first1=C.K. | publisher=[[International Society for Horticultural Science]] (ISHS) | journal=[[Acta Horticulturae]] | issn=0567-7572 | pages=123–126 | issue=708 | editor-last=Waite | last1=Chandler | last2=Mertely | last3=Peres | conference=Proceedings of the Fifth International Strawberry Symposium | title=Resistance of Selected Strawberry Cultivars to Anthracnose Fruit Rot and Botrytis Fruit Rot | doi=10.17660/actahortic.2006.708.18 | s2cid=90412951}}
+   }}
+</ref> see also {{section link||Botrytis Fruit Rot}}.
+The varieties '{{Visible anchor|Florida Radiance}}', '{{Visible anchor|variety Strawberry Festival|text=Strawberry Festival}}' (not to be confused with the [[Florida Strawberry Festival]]), and 'Florida Beauty' are among the most commonly grown here.<ref name="More-Yield" /> 'FR' is higher yielding in real producer conditions in the state than 'SF'.<ref name="More-Yield">{{cite journal | date=2018-04-03 | issue=2 | volume=2018 | last1=Wu | first1=Feng | last2=Guan | first2=Zhengfei | last3=Whitaker | first3=Vance | journal=EDIS | publisher=[[University of Florida]] George A Smathers Libraries | issn=2576-0009 | title=Florida Strawberry Growers Need More Early Yield to Improve Profitability | doi=10.32473/edis-fe1032-2017}}</ref>
+Although [[crop disease resistance|disease resistance]] is an economically important trait in this crop, there is insufficient study of growers' [[Willingness to pay]].<ref name="Ros-Breed-2" /> What little information is available suggests that it is low.<ref name="Ros-Breed-2" /> Unsurprisingly there is even less interest in resistance on the consumer side, due to lack of understanding.<ref name="Ros-Breed-2">{{citation | date=2020 | last1=Li | first1=Zongyu | last2=Gallardo | first2=R. Karina | last3=McCracken | first3=Vicki | last4=Yue | first4=Chengyan | last5=Whitaker | first5=Vance | last6=McFerson | first6=James R. | last7=Li | first7=Zongyu | last8=Gallardo | first8=R. Karina | last9=McCracken | first9=Vicki | last10=Yue | first10=Chengyan | last11=Whitaker | first11=Vance | last12=McFerson | first12=James R. | title=Grower Willingness to Pay for Fruit Quality versus Plant Disease Resistance and Welfare Implications: The Case of Florida Strawberry | journal=[[Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics]] | publisher=[[Western Agricultural Economics Association]] | doi=10.22004/AG.ECON.302450}}</ref>
+{{anchor|Peaches}}
+==== Peach ====
+[[Peach]]es have probably been grown here since the 1500s, brought by the Spanish.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014">{{cite book | title=Integrated Pest Management {{endash}} Pesticide Problems, Vol.3 | editor1-first=David | editor1-last=Pimentel | editor2-first=Rajinder | editor2-last=Peshin | doi=10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5 | publisher=[[Springer Dordrecht]] | date=2014 | isbn=978-94-007-7795-8 | edition=1 | pages=XXI+474+27 b/w illustrations, 33 colour| s2cid=32316692 | id={{isbn|978-94-024-0022-9}}. {{isbn|978-94-007-7796-5}}}}</ref> By the late 1700s an export trade had developed with the [[mid-Atlantic (United States)|mid-Atlantic]] states, with [[Baltimore]] the first hub to distribute Florida peaches into the surrounding region.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014" /> Similar to the strawberry tool above, a cut-down [[SNP array]] for [[genomic selection]] has been adapted<ref name="Axiom-35k">{{cite journal | year=2017 | pages=75–82 | publisher=[[International Society for Horticultural Science]] (ISHS) | issue=1156 | journal=[[Acta Horticulturae]] | issn=0567-7572 | last1=Verma | first1=S. | last2=Bassil | first2=N.V. | last3=van de Weg | first3=E. | last4=Harrison | first4=R.J. | last5=Monfort | first5=A. | last6=Hidalgo | first6=J.M. | last7=Amaya | first7=I. | last8=Denoyes | first8=B. | last9=Mahoney | first9=L. | last10=Davis | first10=T.M. | last11=Fan | first11=Z. | last12=Knapp | first12=S. | last13=Whitaker | first13=V.M. | title=Development and evaluation of the Axiom® IStraw35 384HT array for the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry ''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa'' | doi=10.17660/actahortic.2017.1156.10}}</ref> by [[University of Florida]] for peach.<ref name="Ros-Breed">{{cite journal | issue=1 | volume=7 | date=2020-11-01 | publisher=[[Nature Portfolio|Nature]] + [[Nanjing Agricultural University]] | journal=[[Horticulture Research]] | issn=2662-6810 | last1=Iezzoni | first1=Amy F. | last2=McFerson | first2=Jim | last3=Luby | first3=James | last4=Gasic | first4=Ksenija | last5=Whitaker | first5=Vance | last6=Bassil | first6=Nahla | last7=Yue | first7=Chengyan | last8=Gallardo | first8=Karina | last9=McCracken | first9=Vicki | last10=Coe | first10=Michael | last11=Hardner | first11=Craig | last12=Zurn | first12=Jason D. | last13=Hokanson | first13=Stan | last14=van de Weg | first14=Eric | last15=Jung | first15=Sook | last16=Main | first16=Dorrie | last17=da Silva Linge | first17=Cassia | last18=Vanderzande | first18=Stijn | last19=Davis | first19=Thomas M. | last20=Mahoney | first20=Lise L. | last21=Finn | first21=Chad | last22=Peace | first22=Cameron | title=RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops | page=177 | doi=10.1038/s41438-020-00398-7 | pmid=33328430 | pmc=7603521 | s2cid=226217178 | id=[[ORCID]]s: KC [http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-5262 0000-0003-4391-5262]. NB [http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-2740 0000-0001-8625-2740]. JDZ [http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-486X 0000-0001-8360-486X]. EvdW [http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-5974 0000-0002-9443-5974]. TMD [http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-0524 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-0524]}}</ref>
+Peach is a growing crop due to [[citrus greening]].<ref name="UFl-IFAS-peach-profit">{{cite web | title=Peaches can be profitable in three years: Researcher to growers | website=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (IFAS) | publisher=University of Florida | date=2022-06-06 | url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140129114616.htm | access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-peach-econ">{{cite web | title=FE1016/FE1016: Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis | website=Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) | publisher=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (IFAS), UFl | date=2021-02-26 | url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1016 | access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> Florida produces far less than [[Peaches in California|the leading state, California]], but has the advantage of an earlier season than any other in the country.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-peach-nect">{{cite web | title=RFAC018/AC018: Alternative Opportunities for Small Farms: Peach and Nectarine Production Review | website=Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) | publisher=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (IFAS), UFl | date=2022-05-06 | url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/AC018 | access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> The harvest season runs from late March to late May or early June depending on the year's weather.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-peach-nect" /> Due to increasing pest and disease pressure with increasing rainfall here, yield declines rapidly in the summer and profitable harvest ends for the year.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-peach-nect" /> This {{endash}} combined with competitor states coming into season {{endash}} means that late-bearing [[peach cultivar|cultivars]] are commercially inviable here.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-peach-nect" />
+==== Citrus ====
+Although citrus cultivation also began here in the 1500s, commercial scale production was only attempted in the 1920s.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014" /> At first this went badly due to severe pest and disease epidemics, which were themselves due to poor understanding of the local climate and terrain.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014" /> {{As of|2019}} oranges make up 93% of Florida's citrus production, followed by 6% for grapefruit, and 1% for [[tangerine]]s and [[tangelo]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hudson |first=Mark |date=2019 |title=Florida Agriculture By The Numbers-2019 |url=https://www.fdacs.gov/ezs3download/download/78734/2318004/Media/Files/Marketing-Development-Files/Florida-Agriculture-by-the-Numbers-2016-Statistical-Report/FL-Agriculture-by-the-Numbers-2019.pdf |journal=Florida Agriculture by the Numbers |pages=23}}</ref> For 2018, 10.9% of all cash receipts were citruses.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hudson |first=Mark |date=2019 |title=FLORIDA AGRICULTURE BY THE NUMBERS-2019 |url=https://www.fdacs.gov/ezs3download/download/78734/2318004/Media/Files/Marketing-Development-Files/Florida-Agriculture-by-the-Numbers-2016-Statistical-Report/FL-Agriculture-by-the-Numbers-2019.pdf |journal=Florida Agriculture by the Numbers |pages=11}}</ref> In 2006, 67% of all citrus, 74% of oranges, 58% of tangerines, and 54% of grapefruit were grown in Florida. About 95% of commercial orange production in the state is destined for processing (mostly as orange juice, the official [[state beverage]]). The top 5 citrus-producing counties, according to data in 2019, was "DeSoto (12.8 million boxes), Polk (12.5 million boxes), Highlands (10.8 million boxes), Hendry (10.5 million boxes) and Hardee (8.16 million boxes)", according to ''Florida Agriculture by the Numbers''. Together they contribute 71% of Florida's total citrus production. The Central produced the most citrus, followed by the Western area and the Southern areas.<ref name=":0" /> International citrus fresh fruit exports totaled to "2.05 million 4/5 bushel cartons", and Japan received the majority of the grapefruit exports. Canada received most of Florida's orange and tangerine exports. ''Florida Agriculture by the Numbers'' reports "4.70 million gallons of Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice (FCOJ), and 0.38 million gallons of Frozen Concentrated Grapefruit Juice (FCGJ) was exported in the 2018–2019 season".<ref name=":0" />
+==== Other crops ====
+The largest farm category by sales in Florida is the $2.3{{nbs}}billion ornamental industry, which includes nursery, greenhouse, flowers, and sod products.<ref name="Mayo2019">{{cite web |author1=Doug Mayo |date=June 28, 2019 |title=Florida Panhandle Ag Facts from the 2017 Ag Census |url=http://nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/phag/2019/06/28/florida-panhandle-ag-facts-from-the-2017-ag-census/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708195016/http://nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/phag/2019/06/28/florida-panhandle-ag-facts-from-the-2017-ag-census/ |archive-date=July 8, 2019 |website=Panhandle Agriculture}}</ref>
+Other products include sugarcane, tomatoes and [[celery]]. The state is the largest producer of [[sweet corn]] and [[green beans]] for the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 1, 2011 |title=Corn, Green Bean Prices Rise After Florida Freezes |url=http://calorielab.com/labnotes/20101231/green-bean-prices-sweet-corn-florida-freeze-damage/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707024227/http://calorielab.com/labnotes/20101231/green-bean-prices-sweet-corn-florida-freeze-damage/ |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |publisher=Calorielab}}</ref>
+The Everglades Agricultural Area is a major center for agriculture. The [[environmental impact of agriculture]], especially [[water pollution]], is a major issue in Florida today.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 5, 2012 |title=Pollutants threaten the Everglades' future |url=https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/pollutants-threaten-everglades-future |website=Earthmagazine.org}}</ref>
+The state has a near monopoly on [[saw palmetto]] berries, an alternative medicine used to treat [[prostate]] and urinary disorders.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Mary Helen |date=October 8, 2018 |title=Berry poachers at heart of change in harvest rules |pages=1A |newspaper=Florida Today |location=Melbourne, Florida |url=https://www.tcpalm.com/story/news/local/2018/09/28/catching-saw-palmetto-berry-poachers-heart-change-harvest-rules/991269002/ |access-date=October 9, 2018}}</ref><!--though soft and hard copy sources don't match, they are the same article-->
+The state is #1 in {{visible anchor|Fresh-market tomato|Fresh tomato|text=fresh-market tomatoes}}.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-tomato">{{cite journal | title=FE1027/FE1027: The US Tomato Industry: An Overview of Production and Trade | journal=Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) | publisher=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (IFAS), [[University of Florida]] | date=2021-08-30 | url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1027 | access-date=2022-06-28 | id=FE1027}}</ref><ref name="tom-AgMarketResCent">{{cite web | title=Tomatoes | website=Agricultural Marketing Resource Center | date=2022-06-27 | url=http://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/tomatoes | access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> Harvest is almost year-round, from October to June.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-tomato" /> The highest temperatures of the summer from July to September end profitable yield and even the heat of June and October limit productivity, such that April to May and November to January are the largest harvests of the year.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-EDIS-tomato" /> [[Federal Crop Insurance]] for fresh tomatoes specifically excludes [[insect crop pest|insects]] and [[tomato disease|diseases]].<ref name="fresh-tom-Fed-Crop-Insur">{{cite web | title=7 CFR § 457.139 - Fresh market tomato (dollar plan) crop insurance provisions. | website=[[Legal Information Institute]] (LII) | date=2016-07-25 | url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/7/457.139 | access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> See also {{section link||Tomato Bacterial Spot}}, {{section link||Tomato Bacterial Speck}}, and {{section link||Treatments in fresh-market tomato}}.
+Much of the {{visible anchor|Okra|text=[[okra]]}} in the country is grown here, especially around [[Dade County, Florida|Dade]].<ref name="SFl-okra-IPM">{{cite web | publisher=[[Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers]] Database  | title=Southern Florida 2005 Okra PMSP | date=2022-05-04 | url=http://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/source_report.cfm?view=yes&sourceid=1040 | access-date=2022-06-30}}</ref><ref name="UCANR-okra">{{cite book | last1=Aguiar | first1=José L | last2=McGiffen | first2=Milt | last3=Natwick | first3=Eric | last4=Takele | first4=Etaferahu | title=Okra Production in California | publisher=[[University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources]] (UCANR) | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-60107-002-9 | doi=10.3733/ucanr.7210 | pages=3 | id=7210}}</ref> Okra is grown throughout the state to some degree however and so okra is available ten months of the year here.<ref name="SFl-okra-IPM" /> Yields range from less than {{convert|18,000|lb/acre}} to over {{convert|30,000|lb/acre}}.<ref name="SFl-okra-IPM" /> [[Wholesale]] prices can go as high as $18/bushel which is {{convert|0.60|$/lb}}.<ref name="SFl-okra-IPM" /> The [[Regional IPM Centers]] provide [[integrated pest management]] plans specifically for the southern part of the state.<ref name="SFl-okra-IPM" />
+California and Florida account for most commercial [[Persimmon]] production in the United States. The first commercial orchards in Florida were planted in the 1870s and production peaked in the 1990s before declining. Most persimmon orchards in the US are small scale (70% less than {{convert|1|acre|ha|round=0.5|disp=or}} and 90% less than {{convert|5|acre|ha|round=0.5|disp=or}}).<ref name="Florida" >{{cite web |last1=Sarkhosh |first1=Ali |last2=Andersen |first2=Peter C. |last3=Huff |first3=Dustin M. |title=JAPANESE PERSIMMON CULTIVARS IN FLORIDA1 |url=https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/MG242 |website=edis.ifas.ufl.edu |publisher=University of Florida |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
+{{anchor|Pests|Diseases}}
+==== Pests and diseases ====
+===== Gray Mold =====
+Gray Mold is caused by ''{{visible anchor|Botrytis cinerea|text=[[Botrytis cinerea]]}}''. {{visible anchor|Botrytis Fruit Rot|Strawberry Gray Mold}} due to this fungus is one of the most important [[strawberry diseases]] {{endash}} and post-harvest diseases {{endash}} here, as it is everywhere.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis">{{cite web | title=PP230/PP152: Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold of Strawberry | website=Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) | publisher=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] (IFAS), UFl | date=2022-02-15 | url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/PP152 | access-date=2022-06-03 | first1=J.C. | last1=Mertely | first2=M. S. | last2=Oliveira | first3=N. A. | last3=Peres}}</ref> (See also {{section link||Strawberry}}.) Occasionally [[crop yield|yield]] losses can be over 50% in the state.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> Conditions favorable to the disease occur here from November to March, and its most severe destruction is in February and March.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> When making [[fungicide application|fungicide decisions]] about timing and ingredients, the UFl [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] recommends the [[Strawberry Advisory System]]<ref name="Strawberry-Adv-Sys">{{cite web | title=Strawberry Advisory System | website=AgroClimate | url=http://agroclimate.org/tools/sas/fl/ | access-date=2022-06-03}}</ref> for a [[agricultural decision support system|decision support system]].<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> [[Prophylactic]] fungicide dips don't work for this pathogen and so many in-season sprays are the only option.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> UFL IFAS recommends [[thiram]], [[captan]], captan + [[fexhexamid]], [[penthiopyrad]], [[isofetamid]], [[fluxapyroxad]] + [[pyraclostrobin]], [[fluopyram]] + [[pyrimethanil]], [[pydiflumetofen]] + [[fludioxonil]], and [[cyprodinil]] + fludioxonil.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> There is a massive problem with [[multiple fungicide resistance]] in this disease here, with most ''B.{{nbsp}}c.'' [[microbial isolate|isolates]] showing two to six resistances<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> and three being most common, with only [[fludioxonil]] providing any protection in many populations.<ref name="Amiri-et-al-2013-bundle">
+   {{Unbulleted list citebundle
+      |{{cite journal | last=Hahn | first=Matthias | title=The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: ''Botrytis'' as a case study | journal=[[Journal of Chemical Biology]] | publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] | volume=7 | issue=4 | date=2014-05-28 | issn=1864-6158 | doi=10.1007/s12154-014-0113-1 | pages=133–141| pmid=25320647 | pmc=4182335 }}
+      |{{cite journal | title=Control of fruit postharvest diseases: old issues and innovative approaches | journal=[[Stewart Postharvest Review]] | publisher=[[Stewart Postharvest Solutions]] | volume=10 | issue=1 | year=2014 | issn=1745-9656 | doi=10.2212/spr.2014.1.1 | pages=1–4 | s2cid=85221316 | url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sphs/sphr/2014/00000010/00000001/art00001 | first1=Marta | last1=Mari | first2=Alessandra | last2=Di francesco | first3=Paolo | last3=Bertolini}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Amiri | first1=A. | last2=Heath | first2=S. M. | last3=Peres | first3=N. A. | title=Phenotypic Characterization of Multifungicide Resistance in ''Botrytis cinerea'' Isolates from Strawberry Fields in Florida | journal=[[Plant Disease (journal)|Plant Disease]] | publisher=[[American Phytopathological Society]] | volume=97 | issue=3 | year=2013 | issn=0191-2917 | doi=10.1094/pdis-08-12-0748-re | pages=393–401 | s2cid=73422752 | pmid=30722364}}
+   }}
+</ref> Multiresistant ''B.{{nbsp}}c.'' caused a disastrous [[crop loss]] event across the state in 2012.<ref name="Amiri-et-al-2013-bundle" /> [[Resistance management]] is thus extremely important and monotonous fungicide use is not an option.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> Resistance management is mostly incorporated into the Strawberry Advisory System already.<ref name="IFAS-EDIS-Botrytis" /> Methyl bromide was an important part of production and its ban has greatly increased costs, both for [[soil fumigation]] with alternatives, and because further [[pesticide application|applications]] must be made during the season and post-harvest to make up for inadequate efficacy of these alternatives.<ref name="UFl-IFAS-strawb-prod" />
+===== Other pests and diseases =====
+[[Citrus canker]] (''Xanthomonas axonopodis'') continues to be an issue of concern.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014" /> From 1997 to 2013, the growing of citrus trees has declined 25%, from {{convert|600000|to|450000|acres}}. [[Citrus greening]] disease is incurable. A study states that it has caused the loss of $4.5{{nbs}}billion between 2006 and 2012. {{as of|2014}}, it was the major agricultural concern.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doering |first=Christopher |date=February 5, 2014 |title=Nelson lauds effect for state, Rubio opposes wide reach |page=1A |newspaper=Florida Today |location=Melbourne, Florida |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20140205/NEWS01/302050027/Farm-bill-includes-125-million-fight-citrus-disease |access-date=February 5, 2014}}</ref> Results of the annual Commercial Citrus Inventory showed that citrus acreage in 2019 was down 4% than 2018 and was the lowest in a series that began in 1966. There was a net loss of 16,411 acres during the 2018–2019 season and was twice what was lost in the previous season. Of a survey conducted of 25 published counties, 24 of them, or 96% recorded decrease in acreage. Only [[Sarasota County, Florida|Sarasota County]] showed an increase in acreage during the 2018–2019 season.<ref name=":0" /> Other major citrus concerns include citrus root weevil ''[[Diaprepes abbreviatus]]'', the citrus leafminer ''[[Phyllocnistis citrella]]'', and the Asian citrus psyllid ''[[Diaphorina citri]]''.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014" />{{rp|page=377}}
+Tomato, bell pepper, and strawberry were the largest users of [[methyl bromide]] and so the phase out has required hard choices for alternative [[soil fumigant]]s.<ref name="Rosskopf-et-al-2005" /> A [[methyl iodide]]/[[chloropicrin]] mix has served well, producing equal performance to MB in pepper.<ref name="Rosskopf-et-al-2005" />
+The Spotted Wing Drosophila (''[[Drosophila suzukii]]'') is a threat to [[blueberry]], peach, [[cherry]], [[strawberry]], [[raspberry]], and [[blackberry]] here.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014" /> ''D. suzukii'' was introduced to much of North America from its initial [[introduced species|introduction]] to [[California]], including to this state.<ref name="Pimentel-Peshin-2014" />
+{{visible anchor|Strawberry anthracnose}} is commonly caused by ''{{visible anchor|Colletotrichum acutatum|text=[[Colletotrichum acutatum]]}}'' here.<ref name="Dowling-et-al-2020" /> Adaskaveg & Hartin 1997 identify the most common [[strain (biology)|strain]]s on strawberry here.<ref name="Dowling-et-al-2020" />
+The {{visible anchor|Fall Armyworm}} (''[[Spodoptera frugiperda]]'') is a major pest here.<ref name="Huang-et-al-2014-bundle">
+   {{Unbulleted list citebundle
+      |{{citation | hdl=handle/10883/19204 | title=Fall Armyworm in Africa: A Guide for Integrated Pest Management | s2cid=90981205 | last1=Prasanna | first1=B.M. | last2=Huesing | first2=J.E. | last3=Eddy | first3=R. | last4=Peschke | first4=V.M. | publisher=[[USAID]] & [[CIMMYT]] | date=2018-01-30}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Chakroun | first1=Maissa | last2=Banyuls | first2=Núria | last3=Bel | first3=Yolanda | last4=Escriche | first4=Baltasar | last5=Ferré | first5=Juan | title=Bacterial Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) from Entomopathogenic Bacteria | journal=[[Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews]] | publisher=[[American Society for Microbiology]] | volume=80 | issue=2 | year=2016 | issn=1092-2172 | doi=10.1128/mmbr.00060-15 | pages=329–350 | pmid=26935135 | pmc=4867366 | s2cid=38268030}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Tabashnik | first1=Bruce E. | last2=Carrière | first2=Yves | title=Surge in insect resistance to transgenic crops and prospects for sustainability | journal=[[Nature Biotechnology]] | publisher=[[Nature Portfolio]] | volume=35 | issue=10 | year=2017 | issn=1087-0156 | doi=10.1038/nbt.3974 | pages=926–935 | pmid=29020006 | s2cid=2882631}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Huang | first1=Fangneng | last2=Qureshi | first2=Jawwad A. | last3=Meagher | first3=Robert L. | last4=Reisig | first4=Dominic D. | last5=Head | first5=Graham P. | last6=Andow | first6=David A. | last7=Ni | first7=Xinzi | last8=Kerns | first8=David | last9=Buntin | first9=G. David | last10=Niu | first10=Ying | last11=Yang | first11=Fei | last12=Dangal | first12=Vikash | title=Cry1F Resistance in Fall Armyworm ''Spodoptera frugiperda'': Single Gene versus Pyramided Bt Maize | journal=[[PLoS ONE]] | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=9 | issue=11 | date=2014-11-17 | issn=1932-6203 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0112958 | page=e112958 | pmid=25401494 | pmc=4234506 | bibcode=2014PLoSO...9k2958H | s2cid=4578967| doi-access=free }}
+   }}
+</ref> [[South Florida]] is one of only two [[overwintering]] areas for FAW in North America (the other being [[South Texas]]).<ref name="Huang-et-al-2014-bundle" /> Thus the entire state {{endash}} and the south especially {{endash}} is hard hit every year.<ref name="Huang-et-al-2014-bundle" /> [[Bt crop]]s have been successful against FAW but some [[Bt resistance]] is appearing here which is a tremendous threat to productivity.<ref name="Huang-et-al-2014-bundle" /> Huang ''et al.'', 2014 find a high degree of [[Cry1F resistance]] (Cry1F-r) in the south of the state, probably the result of resistant FAW migration from [[Puerto Rico]].<ref name="Huang-et-al-2014-bundle" /> This Cry1F-resistant population has low [[cross-resistance]] with [[Cry1A.105]] but none with [[Cry2Ab2]] or [[Vip3A]].<ref name="Huang-et-al-2014-bundle" /> Overall, several studies find Cry1F-r is common here.<ref name="ABC-Puerto-Rico" /> Banerjee ''et al.'', 2017 does not find the Cry1F-r allele ''[[SfABCC2mut]]'' in Florida in 2012, 2014, or 2016.<ref name="ABC-Puerto-Rico" /> Because this allele is very common in Puerto Rico, they fail to support any substantial immigration of FAW from PR to Florida, contrary to earlier studies including Huang above.<ref name="ABC-Puerto-Rico">
+   {{Unbulleted list citebundle
+      |{{*}} {{cite journal | year=2019 | publisher=[[Elsevier]] | last2=Gordon  | journal=[[Current Opinion in Insect Science]] | issn=2214-5745 | pages=123–130 | last1=Tay | first1=Wee Tek| first2=Karl Heinrich Julius | title=Going global – genomic insights into insect invasions | volume=31 | doi=10.1016/j.cois.2018.12.002 | s2cid=92033565 | pmid=31109665}}
+      |{{*}} {{cite journal | year=2020 | issue=2 | publisher=[[Wiley Publishing]] | volume=104 | journal=[[Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology]] | issn=0739-4462 | last=Heckel | first=David G. | title=How do toxins from ''Bacillus thuringiensis'' kill insects? An evolutionary perspective | pages=e21673 | doi=10.1002/arch.21673 | pmid=32212396 | s2cid=214645874}}
+      |{{*}} {{cite journal | year=2017 | issue=1 | volume=7 | publisher=[[Nature Portfolio|Nature]] | journal=[[Scientific Reports]] | issn=2045-2322 | first7=Kenneth | first3=Robert | first2=James | first1=Rahul | first8=Juan Luis | first4=Rodney | first5=Lucas | last1=Banerjee | last2=Hasler | last3=Meagher | last4=Nagoshi | last5=Hietala | last6=Huang | first6=Fangneng | last7=Narva | last8=Jurat-Fuentes | title=Mechanism and DNA-based detection of field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt corn in fall armyworm (''Spodoptera frugiperda'') | page=10877 | doi=10.1038/s41598-017-09866-y | pmid=28883440 | pmc=5589895 | bibcode=2017NatSR...710877B | s2cid=205594922}}
+   }}
+</ref>
+The Medfly (''[[Ceratitis capitata]]'') was [[invasive agricultural pest|introduced here]] and to California and Texas.<ref name="Vacante-Kreiter-2018">{{cite book | first1=Vincenzo | last1=Vacante | first2=Serge | last2=Kreiter | title=Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming | publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International|CABI]] (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International) | publication-place=[[Wallingford, UK]] | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-78064-499-8 | doi=10.1079/9781780644998.0000 | s2cid=133927322}}</ref>{{rp|page=79}}<ref name="medfly-USDA-APHIS">{{cite web | title=History Highlight: APHIS Battles Mediterranean Fruit Fly | website=USDA [[APHIS]] | date=2022-05-16 | url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/stakeholder-info/sa_by_date/sa-2022/aphis50-medfly | access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref> Due to its [[polyphagy|wide host range]] it was immediately an important priority for the states and for USDA [[APHIS]].<ref name="Vacante-Kreiter-2018" />{{rp|page=79}}<ref name="medfly-USDA-APHIS" /> Using [[sterile insect technique]] it was successfully [[extirpation|eradicated]] from North America entirely.<ref name="Vacante-Kreiter-2018" />{{rp|page=79}}<ref name="medfly-USDA-APHIS" />
+{{visible anchor|Tomato Bacterial Spot|Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria|text=[[Tomato bacterial spot|Tomato Bacterial Spot]]}} is caused by [[Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria|''Xanthomonas axonopodis'' pv. ''vesicatoria'']]. {{visible anchor|Tomato Bacterial Speck|Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato|text=[[Tomato bacterial speck|Tomato Bacterial Speck]]}} is produced by [[Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato|''Pseudomonas syringae'' pv. ''tomato'']]. Both are economically significant in fresh-market tomato here.<ref name="Louws-et-al-2001-bundle">
+   {{Unbulleted list citebundle
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Louws | first1=F. J. | last2=Wilson | first2=M. | last3=Campbell | first3=H. L. | last4=Cuppels | first4=D. A. | last5=Jones | first5=J. B. | last6=Shoemaker | first6=P. B. | last7=Sahin | first7=F. | last8=Miller | first8=S. A. | title=Field Control of Bacterial Spot and Bacterial Speck of Tomato Using a Plant Activator | journal=Plant Disease | publisher=Scientific Societies | volume=85 | issue=5 | year=2001 | issn=0191-2917 | doi=10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.481 | pages=481–488 | pmid=30823123 | s2cid=73460581}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Balogh | first1=B. | last2=Jones | first2=Jeffrey | last3=Iriarte | first3=F. | last4=Momol | first4=M. | title=Phage Therapy for Plant Disease Control | journal=[[Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology]] | publisher=[[Bentham Science Publishers]] | volume=11 | issue=1 | date=2010-01-01 | issn=1389-2010 | pmid=20214607 | doi=10.2174/138920110790725302 | pages=48–57 | s2cid=20820594}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Jones | first1=J.B. | last2=Jackson | first2=L.E. | last3=Balogh | first3=B. | last4=Obradovic | first4=A. | last5=Iriarte | first5=F.B. | last6=Momol | first6=M.T. | title=Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control | journal=[[Annual Review of Phytopathology]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=45 | issue=1 | date=2007-09-08 | issn=0066-4286 | pmid=17386003 | doi=10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411 | pages=245–262 | s2cid=5855317}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Vallad | first1=Gary E. | last2=Goodman | first2=Robert M. | title=Systemic Acquired Resistance and Induced Systemic Resistance in Conventional Agriculture | journal=[[Crop Science]] | publisher=[[Crop Science Society of America]] ([[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]) | volume=44 | issue=6 | year=2004 | issn=0011-183X | doi=10.2135/cropsci2004.1920 | pages=1920–1934 | s2cid=6247143}}
+      |{{cite journal | last=Bostock | first=Richard M. | title=Signal Crosstalk and Induced Resistance: Straddling the Line Between Cost and Benefit | journal=[[Annual Review of Phytopathology]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=43 | issue=1 | date=2005-09-01 | issn=0066-4286 | doi=10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095505 | pages=545–580 | s2cid=21909342 | pmid=16078895}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Beckers | first1=Gerold J. M. | last2=Conrath | first2=Uwe | title=Priming for stress resistance: from the lab to the field | journal=[[Current Opinion in Plant Biology]] | publisher=[[Elsevier]] | volume=10 | issue=4 | year=2007 | issn=1369-5266 | doi=10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.002 | pages=425–431 | pmid=17644024 | s2cid=23649117}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Walters | first1=Dale | last2=Heil | first2=Martin | title=Costs and trade-offs associated with induced resistance | journal=Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology | publisher=[[Elsevier]] | volume=71 | issue=1–3 | year=2007 | issn=0885-5765 | doi=10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.09.008 | pages=3–17 | s2cid=83039636}}
+      |{{cite journal | last1=Potnis | first1=Neha | last2=Timilsina | first2=Sujan | last3=Strayer | first3=Amanda | last4=Shantharaj | first4=Deepak | last5=Barak | first5=Jeri D. | last6=Paret | first6=Mathews L. | last7=Vallad | first7=Gary E. | last8=Jones | first8=Jeffrey B. | title=Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: diverse ''Xanthomonas'' species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge | journal=[[Molecular Plant Pathology]] | publisher=[[British Society for Plant Pathology]] ([[Wiley-Blackwell|Wiley]]) | volume=16 | issue=9 | date=2015-04-29 | issn=1464-6722 | doi=10.1111/mpp.12244 | pages=907–920 | s2cid=22892749 | pmid=25649754 | pmc=6638463}}
+   }}
+</ref> See also {{section link||Fresh-market tomato}} and {{section link||Treatments in fresh-market tomato}}.
+The {{visible anchor|Silverleaf Whitefly}} (SLW, [[Bemisia tabaci strain B|''Bemisia tabaci'' strain B]]) was first noticed here in 1986.<ref name="UFl-Entomo">{{cite web | title=''Bemisia tabaci'' (Gennadius) or ''Bemisia argentifolii'' Bellows & Perring | website=[[University of Florida Entomology Department]] | date=2002-11-05 | url=https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/leaf/silverleaf_whitefly.htm | access-date=2022-07-09}}</ref> Previously only [[Bemisia tabaci strain A|the A strain]] had been known here, and was only occasionally a [[crop pest]].<ref name="UFl-Entomo" /> Suddenly in 1986 SLW was a major crop pest and major [[vector (epidemiology)|vector]] of [[crop disease]]s.<ref name="UFl-Entomo" /> Since then Strain A has disappeared from the United States entirely and Strain B has continued to be a widespread problem here.<ref name="UFl-Entomo" />
+The {{visible anchor|Saltmarsh Caterpillar}} (''[[Estigmene acrea]]'') is a common pest of fruit and vegetable cultivation here.<ref name="UFl-Salt-Marsh">{{cite web | access-date=2022-07-20 | date=April 2016 | first=John | title=saltmarsh caterpillar - ''Estigmene acrea'' (Drury) | publisher=[[University of Florida Entomology Department]] | url=https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/leaf/saltmarsh_caterpillar.htm | last=Capinera}}</ref>
+After arrival in the 1930s in [[Alabama]], the {{visible anchor|Red Imported Fire Ant}} (RIFA, ''[[Red imported fire ants in the United States|Solenopsis invicta]]'') quickly spread here.<ref name="University-of-Florida-RIFA" /> It is a significant agricultural drag due to its soil disruption, its mound building interfering with field machines, feeding on the plants themselves, and attacks on livestock.<ref name="University-of-Florida-RIFA">{{cite web | access-date=2022-07-31 | date=2008-08-18 | website=[[University of Florida]] Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - (UF/IFAS) | url=https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/ants/red_imported_fire_ant.htm | title=red imported fire ant - ''Solenopsis invicta''}}</ref>
+==== Treatments ====
+===== Treatments in fresh-market tomato =====
+{{visible anchor|Acibenzolar-S-methyl|text=[[Acibenzolar-S-methyl]]}} (ASM) is a [[plant activator]] producing [[systemic acquired resistance]] (SAR).<ref name="Louws-et-al-2001-bundle" /> In a very widely regarded experiment Louws ''et al.'', 2001 used ASM to protect fresh tomato cultivation here against Tomato Bacterial Spot and Tomato Bacterial Speck.<ref name="Louws-et-al-2001-bundle" /> Over four years they treated with ASM as an alternative to [[copper bactericide]] and achieved almost total control with no yield loss.<ref name="Louws-et-al-2001-bundle" /> (Some [[fungicides]] were required to complement the bacterial control of ASM.)<ref name="Louws-et-al-2001-bundle" /> This result is spoken of worldwide when discussing basic [[plant biology]], SAR, [[induced systemic resistance]], the biology of [[Xanthomonad]]s, and the need for alternative pesticides due to [[pesticide resistance|resistance]], including [[phage therapy in agriculture]]. See also {{section link||Tomato Bacterial Spot}}, {{section link||Tomato Bacterial Speck}}, and {{section link||Fresh-market tomato}}.
+== References ==
+{{Reflist}}
 [[Category:Agriculture in Florida| ]]