List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks: Difference between revisions

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add TORRO references although they're not highest reliability; add various refereed references incl new events
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!Notes
!Notes
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| Rosdalla, Ireland Tornado || April 30, 1054 || [[Kilbeggan]], [[Ireland]] || - || - || Earliest known European tornado{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Rosdalla, Ireland Tornado || April 30, 1054 || [[Kilbeggan]], [[Ireland]] || - || - || Earliest known European tornado<ref name="TORRO">{{cite web |last = |first = |authorlink = |coauthors = |title = British & European Tornado Extremes |publisher = Tornado and Storm Research Organisation |date = |url = http://www.torro.org.uk/site/whirlwind_info.php |accessdate = 2012-02-13 }}</ref>
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| [[London Tornado of 1091]], England Tornado || October 23, 1091 || [[United Kingdom]] || - || - || Earliest known and perhaps strongest British tornado
| [[London Tornado of 1091]], England Tornado || October 23, 1091 || [[United Kingdom]] || - || - || Earliest known and perhaps strongest British tornado<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Vyšehrad Tornado of 1119 || July 30, 1119 || [[Vyšehrad]], [[Bohemia]] || - || - || Earliest known and perhaps strongest Czech tornado which destroyed palace of Czech duke at [[Vyšehrad]] now in [[Prague]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Vyšehrad Tornado of 1119 || July 30, 1119 || [[Vyšehrad]], [[Bohemia]] || - || - || Earliest known and perhaps strongest Czech tornado which destroyed palace of Czech duke at [[Vyšehrad]] now in [[Prague]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Prague Tornado of 1255 || April 8, 1255 || [[Prague]], [[Bohemia]] || - || - || Tornado at [[Prague Castle]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Prague Tornado of 1255 || April 8, 1255 || [[Prague]], [[Bohemia]] || - || - || Tornado at [[Prague Castle]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| [[Valletta, Malta Tornado]] || September 23, 1551 (or [[1556]]) || [[Malta]] || - || ≈600 fatalities || Perhaps deadliest European tornado
| [[Valletta, Malta Tornado]] || September 23, 1551 (or 1556) || [[Malta]] || - || ≈600 fatalities || Perhaps deadliest European tornado<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Neznašov, Czech Tornado || July 6, 1585 || [[Bohemia]] || - || - || {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Neznašov, Czech Tornado || July 6, 1585 || [[Bohemia]] || - || - || {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Roma, Italy Tornado || December 4, 1645 || [[Italy]] || - || Many fatalities || probably F4{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Roma, Italy Tornado || December 4, 1645 || [[Italy]] || - || Many fatalities || probably F4{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| La Rochelle - Paris, France Tornadoes || September [[1669]] || [[France]] || - || - || Longest track tornado family in Europe{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| La Rochelle - Paris, France Tornadoes || September [[1669]] || [[France]] || - || - || Longest track tornado family in Europe<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Cádiz Tornado || March 1671 || [[Cadiz]], [[Spain]] || - || Many fatalities || Apparent violent Spanish tornado<ref>{{cite journal |last = Gayà |first = Miquel |title = Tornadoes and severe storms in Spain |journal = Atmos. Res. |volume = 100 |issue = 4 |pages = 334-43 |date = Jun 2011 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809510002929 |doi = 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.019 }}</ref>
| Cádiz Tornado || March 1671 || [[Cadiz]], [[Spain]] || - || Many fatalities || Apparent violent Spanish tornado<ref>{{cite journal |last = Gayà |first = Miquel |title = Tornadoes and severe storms in Spain |journal = Atmos. Res. |volume = 100 |issue = 4 |pages = 334-43 |date = Jun 2011 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809510002929 |doi = 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.019 }}</ref>
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| Utrecht, Netherlands Tornado || August 1, 1674 || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], [[Netherlands]] || - || - || Destroyed part of the [[Dom Tower of Utrecht]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Utrecht, Netherlands Tornado || August 1, 1674 || [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], [[Netherlands]] || - || - || Destroyed part of the [[Dom Tower of Utrecht]]<ref>{{cite journal |last = Hauer |first = Katrin |coauthors = N. Pfeifer |title = Reporting on historical severe storms: Two examples of Utrecht (1674) and Abtenau (1796) |journal = Atmos. Res. |volume = 100 |issue = 4 |pages = 580-5 |date = Jun 2011 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809510002012 |doi = 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.08.007 }}</ref>
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| Roma, Italy Tornado || June 12, 1749 || [[Italy]] || - || 3 fatalities || Destroyed many houses in Rome and Ostia,probably F3 multivortex tornado{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Roma, Italy Tornado || June 12, 1749 || [[Italy]] || - || 3 fatalities || Destroyed many houses in Rome and Ostia,probably F3 multivortex tornado{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Hainichen, Germany Tornado || April 23, 1800 || [[Germany]] || - || - || probably F5{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Hainichen, Germany Tornado || April 23, 1800 || [[Germany]] || - || - || probably F5{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Fernhill Heath - Hampshire, England Tornadoes || September 22, 1810 || [[United Kingdom]] || - || - || Widest known and perhaps strongest British tornadoes{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Fernhill Heath - Hampshire, England Tornadoes || September 22, 1810 || [[England]], [[United Kingdom|UK]] || - || - || Widest known and perhaps strongest British tornadoes<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Southsea, England Tornado || December 14, 1810 || [[United Kingdom]] || - || - || Perhaps strongest British tornado{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Southsea, England Tornado || December 14, 1810 || [[Hampshire]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom|UK]] || - || - || Perhaps strongest British tornado<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Seine - Maritime, France Tornado || August 19, 1845 || [[France]] || - || 70-200 fatalities || Perhaps strongest European tornado{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Seine - Maritime, France Tornado || August 19, 1845 || [[France]] || - || 70-200 fatalities || Perhaps strongest European tornado<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Sicily, Italy Tornadoes || December [[1851]] || [[Sicily]], [[Italy]] || 2 || ≈500 fatalities || Among deadliest European tornadoes{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Sicily, Italy Tornadoes || December [[1851]] || [[Sicily]], [[Italy]] || 2 || ≈500 fatalities || Among deadliest European tornadoes<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Brno, Czech Tornado || October 13, 1870 || [[Brno]], [[Moravia]] || - || - || Detailed scientific description by [[Gregor Mendel]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Brno, Czech Tornado || October 13, 1870 || [[Brno]], [[Moravia]] || - || - || Detailed scientific description by [[Gregor Mendel]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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!Notes
!Notes
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| Javaugues, France Tornado || June 3, 1902 || [[France]] || - || 1 fatality || Widest known European tornado{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Javaugues, France Tornado || June 3, 1902 || [[France]] || - || 1 fatality || Widest known European tornado<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| [[1904 Moscow tornado|Moscow, Russia Tornado]] || June 29, 1904 || [[Moscow, Russia]] || ≥2 || ≥30 fatalities || {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| [[1904 Moscow tornado|Moscow, Russia Tornado]] || June 29, 1904 || [[Moscow, Russia]] || ≥2 || ≥30 fatalities || {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Lichtenvoorde - Neede - Tubbergen, Netherlands Tornado || June 1, 1927 || [[Netherlands]] - [[Germany]] || - || 10 fatalities || Possibly multiple tornadoes, T9-T10 damage near Neede{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Lichtenvoorde - Neede - Tubbergen, Netherlands Tornado || June 1, 1927 || [[Netherlands]] - [[Germany]] || - || 10 fatalities || Possibly multiple tornadoes, T9-T10 damage near Neede{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| [[Montello_(hill)|Montello]], Italy Tornado || July 24, 1930 || [[Veneto]] and [[Friuli]], [[Italy]] || - || ≥23 fatalities || Perhaps strongest European tornado struck tornadicly active area of Italy, supposed F5, gusts of about 500km/h, leveled masonry buildings. [http://www.3bmeteo.com/giornale-meteo/i+super+tornado+italiani-54112]
| [[Montello_(hill)|Montello]], Italy Tornado || July 24, 1930 || [[Veneto]] and [[Friuli]], [[Italy]] || - || ≥23 fatalities || Perhaps strongest European tornado<ref name="TORRO"/> struck tornadicly active area of Italy, supposed F5, gusts of about 500km/h, leveled masonry buildings. [http://www.3bmeteo.com/giornale-meteo/i+super+tornado+italiani-54112]
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| Lublin Tornado || July 22, 1931 || Poland || - || 6 fatalites || Described as the F5 but it is uncertain value.[http://curioza.blogspot.com/2011/07/traba-w-lublinie.html] [http://www.imgw.pl/wl/internet/zz/zz_xpages/klimat/klimat_pliki/archiwum/klimat_02032005.html]
| Lublin Tornado || July 22, 1931 || Poland || - || 6 fatalites || Described as the F5 but it is uncertain value.[http://curioza.blogspot.com/2011/07/traba-w-lublinie.html] [http://www.imgw.pl/wl/internet/zz/zz_xpages/klimat/klimat_pliki/archiwum/klimat_02032005.html]
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| Loray, Doubs Tornado || June 9, 1935 || [[Doubs]], [[France]] || - || - || {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Loray, Doubs Tornado || June 9, 1935 || [[Doubs]], [[France]] || - || - || {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Buckinghamshire - Cambridgeshire, England Tornadoes || May 21, 1950 || [[United Kingdom]] || - || - || Longest known British tornado/tornado family{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Buckinghamshire - Cambridgeshire, England Tornadoes || May 21, 1950 || [[United Kingdom]] || - || - || Longest known British tornado/tornado family<ref name="TORRO"/>
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| Veluwe, Gelderland - Haulerwijk, Friesland, Netherlands Tornadoes || August 23, 1950 || [[Gelderland]] - [[Friesland]], [[Netherlands]] || ≥2 || - || Strongest recorded tornado in Nederlands, T10 (F5) damage{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} in 50 kilometre long path in Veluwe forest.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Veluwe, Gelderland - Haulerwijk, Friesland, Netherlands Tornadoes || August 23, 1950 || [[Gelderland]] - [[Friesland]], [[Netherlands]] || ≥2 || - || Strongest recorded tornado in Nederlands, T10 (F5) damage{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} in 50 kilometre long path in Veluwe forest.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Western Europe Tornado Outbreaks of 1967 || June 24–25, 1967 || [[France]] - [[Netherlands]] - [[Belgium]] || ≥8 || ≥15 fatalities || Same storm system produced two destructive outbreaks with fatalities in three countries{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Western Europe Tornado Outbreaks of 1967 || June 24–25, 1967 || [[France]] - [[Netherlands]] - [[Belgium]] || ≥8 || ≥15 fatalities || Same storm system produced two destructive outbreaks with fatalities in three countries{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| German Black Forest Tornado || July 10, 1968 || [[Germany]] || - || 3 fatalities || {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| German Black Forest Tornado || July 10, 1968 || [[Germany]] || - || 3 fatalities || <ref>{{cite journal |last = Nestle |first = R. |title = Der Tornado vom 10. 7. 1968 im Raum Pforzheim |journal = Meteor. Rundsch. |volume = 22 |issue = |pages = 1-3 |date = 1969 |url = |doi = }}</ref>
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| Nicosia, Cyprus Tornadoes || December 22, 1969 || [[Cyprus]] || Several || 4 fatalities || Waterspouts (probably tornadic) came ashore{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Nicosia, Cyprus Tornadoes || December 22, 1969 || [[Cyprus]] || Several || 4 fatalities || Waterspouts (probably tornadic) came ashore{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Moerdijk, Netherlands Tornado || October 6, 1981 || [[North Brabant]], [[Netherlands]] || - || 17 fatalities || [[NLM CityHopper Flight 431]] encountered tornado shortly after takeoff and crashed
| Moerdijk, Netherlands Tornado || October 6, 1981 || [[North Brabant]], [[Netherlands]] || - || 17 fatalities || [[NLM CityHopper Flight 431]] encountered tornado shortly after takeoff and crashed
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| Gwynedd - Humberside - Essex Tornado Outbreak, Wales and England Tornadoes || November 23, 1981 || [[United Kingdom]] || 105 || 0 fatalities || Largest known European outbreak<ref>http://www.torro.org.uk/site/whirlwind_info.php</ref> though predominately weak tornadoes
| Gwynedd - Humberside - Essex Tornado Outbreak, Wales and England Tornadoes || November 23, 1981 || [[United Kingdom]] || 105 || 0 fatalities || Largest known European outbreak<ref name="TORRO"/> though predominately weak tornadoes
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| [[1984 Yaroslavl tornado]] (''[[1984 Ivanovo-Yaroslavl, Russia, Tornado Outbreak]]'') || June 9, 1984 || [[Russia|Western Russia]] || 22 || >400 fatalities, 213 injured || At least one F5, one F4, and one F3 were in the outbreak that damaged 36 cities and villages, including [[Tver]] and [[Kostroma]], in a wide area north of Moscow.
| [[1984 Ivanovo-Yaroslavl, Russia, Tornado Outbreak]] || June 9, 1984 || [[Russia|Western Russia]] || 22 || >400 fatalities, 213 injured || <ref name="TORRO"/>At least one F5, one F4, and one F3 were in the outbreak that damaged 36 cities and villages, including [[Tver]] and [[Kostroma]], in a wide area north of Moscow.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Shel'vov || July 20, 1987 || [[Ukraine]] || 1 || - || F4 tornado that destroyed the town of Shel'vov.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Shel'vov || July 20, 1987 || [[Ukraine]] || 1 || - || F4 tornado that destroyed the town of Shel'vov.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| San Leonardo de Yagüe, Spain Tornado || June 1, 1999 || [[Spain]] || - || - || F3 damage and thousands of trees uprooted in a forest near Soria, Spain{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| San Leonardo de Yagüe, Spain Tornado || June 1, 1999 || [[Spain]] || - || - || F3 damage and thousands of trees uprooted in a forest near Soria, Spain{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Gudar Range, Spain Tornado || August 28, 1999 || [[Sistema Ibérico]], [[Spain]] || 1+ || - || F3 tornado in mountainous terrain<ref>{{cite journal |last= Homar |first= V. |coauthors= M. Gayà, R. Romero, C. Ramis, S. Alonso |title= Tornadoes over complex terrain: an analysis of the 28th August 1999 tornadic event in eastern Spain |journal= Atmos. Res. |volume= 67-68 |issue= |pages= 301-17 |date= Jul-Sep 2003 |url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809503000644 |doi= 10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00064-4 }}</ref>
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!Casualties
!Casualties
!Notes
!Notes
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| Athens, Greece Tornado || July 27, 2002 || [[Athens]], [[Greece]] || - || - || Struck near airport<ref>{{cite journal |last= Matsangouras |first= J.T. |coauthors= P.T. Nastos |title= The 27 July 2002 tornado event in Athens, Greece |journal= Adv. Sci. Res. |volume= 4 |issue= |pages= 9-13 |date= 2010 |url= http://www.adv-sci-res.net/4/9/2010/asr-4-9-2010.pdf |doi = }}</ref>
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| Bulgaria Tornado || August 12, 2002 || [[Bulgaria]] || - || 3 fatalities || Intense (F3+), long-track (74+ km path) tornado<ref>{{cite journal |last = Lemon |first = Leslie R. |authorlink = Leslie R. Lemon |coauthors = A. Stan-Sion, C. Soci, E. Cordoneanu |title = A strong, long-track, Romanian tornado |journal = Atmos. Res. |volume = 67-68 |issue = |pages = 391-416 |date = Jul-Sep 2003 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809503000632 |doi = 10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00063-2 }}</ref>
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| Cyprus Tornadoes || January 27, 2003 || Southern [[Cyprus]] || 4 || 1 fatality || Tornadoes and waterspouts; Limassol worst hit at T4-T5<ref name="Weather 61">{{cite journal |last = Sioutas |first = Michalis |coauthors = R. Doe, S. Michaelides, M. Christodoulou1, R. Robins |title = Meteorological conditions contributing to the development of severe tornadoes in southern Cyprus |journal = Weather |volume = 61 |issue = 1 |pages = 10-6 |date = Jan 2006 |url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1256/wea.268.04/abstract |doi = 10.1256/wea.268.04 }}</ref>
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| Cyprus Tornado Outbreak || January 22, 2004 || [[Cyprus]] || 7+ || Multiple injuries || Severe weather outbreak with several T3-T4 tornadoes and waterspouts<ref name="Weather 61"/>
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| [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7774288817480826661&pr=goog-sl Kontiolahti, Viinijärvi Tornadoes]|| August 20, 2004 || [[Finland]] || - || - || F2 (track 10&nbsp;km) At least 2 tornadoes
| [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7774288817480826661&pr=goog-sl Kontiolahti, Viinijärvi Tornadoes]|| August 20, 2004 || [[Finland]] || - || - || F2 (track 10&nbsp;km) At least 2 tornadoes
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| Romania Tornadoes || May 7, 2005 || [[Romania]] || 3+ || - || 1 F1, 2 F0 tornadoes associated with [[bow echo]]<ref>{{cite journal |last = Oprea |first = I.C. |coauthors = A. Bell |title = Meteorological environment of a tornado outbreak in Southern Romania |journal = Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. |volume = 9 |issue = |pages = 609-22 |date = 2009 |url = http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/609/2009/nhess-9-609-2009.html |doi = 10.5194/nhess-9-609-2009 }}</ref>
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| Garderen Tornado || July 27, 2005 || [[Garderen]], [[Netherlands]] || 1 || - || T4 tornado damaging mainly woods, also some damage to property.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Garderen Tornado || July 27, 2005 || [[Garderen]], [[Netherlands]] || 1 || - || T4 tornado damaging mainly woods, also some damage to property.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| [[Noordwijkerhout]] Tornado || May 21, 2006 || [[Noordwijkerhout]], [[Netherlands]] || 1 || - || T3-T4 tornado causing damage to crops and buildings{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| [[Noordwijkerhout]] Tornado || May 21, 2006 || [[Noordwijkerhout]], [[Netherlands]] || 1 || - || T3-T4 tornado causing damage to crops and buildings{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| August 2006 UK Tornado Outbreaks || August 16–18, 2006 ||[[United Kingdom]] || - || 8 injuries || At least 4 tornadoes{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| August 2006 UK Tornado Outbreaks || August 16–18, 2006 ||[[United Kingdom]] || - || 8 injuries || At least 4 tornadoes{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| [[Tornadoes of 2006#August 21|August 2006 Mainland Europe Outbreak]] || August 21, 2006 || Western [[Europe]] || - || 38 injuries || At least 7 confirmed tornadoes, a further 4 unconfirmed others{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| [[Tornadoes of 2006#August 21|August 2006 Mainland Europe Outbreak]] || August 21, 2006 || Western [[Europe]] || - || 38 injuries || At least 7 confirmed tornadoes, a further 4 unconfirmed others{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| Central England Tornado Outbreak || September 23, 2007 || Central [[England]] || - || - || At least 4 tornadoes reported in Warwickshire, Northamptonshire and West Midlands. [http://www.thewest.com.au/aapstory.aspx?StoryName=421360]{{dead link|date=December 2011}}
| Central England Tornado Outbreak || September 23, 2007 || Central [[England]] || - || - || At least 4 tornadoes reported in Warwickshire, Northamptonshire and West Midlands. [http://www.thewest.com.au/aapstory.aspx?StoryName=421360]{{dead link|date=December 2011}}
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| [[2008 Hautmont, France tornado]] || August 3, 2008 || [[Hautmont]], [[France]] || - || 4 fatalities, 13 injuries || F4 damaged several villages<ref>{{cite conference |first = Pierre |last = Mahieu |coauthors = E. Wesolek |title = The Deadly EF-4 Tornado of August 3, 2008, in Northern France |booktitle = 5th European Conference on Severe Storms |pages = |publisher = European Severe Storms Laboratory |date = Oct 2009 |location = Landshut, Germany |url = http://www.essl.org/ECSS/2009/preprints/O10-8-mehieu.pdf |doi = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last = Wesolek |first = Emmanuel |coauthors = P. Mahieu |title = The F4 tornado of August 3, 2008, in Northern France: Case study of a tornadic storm in a low CAPE environment |journal = Atmos. Res. |volume = 100 |issue = 4 |pages = 649-56 |date = Jun 2011 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809510002413 |doi = 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.09.003 }}</ref>
| [[2008 Hautmont, France tornado]] || August 3, 2008 || [[Hautmont]], [[France]] || - || 4 fatalities, 13 injuries || F4 damaged several villages
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| Northern Netherlands Tornado Outbreak || August 3, 2008 || [[Friesland]], [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]], [[Netherlands]] || 2 confirmed, 4 reported || - || T3-T4 tornadoes caused damage to property{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Northern Netherlands Tornado Outbreak || August 3, 2008 || [[Friesland]], [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]], [[Netherlands]] || 2 confirmed, 4 reported || - || T3-T4 tornadoes caused damage to property{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| [[2008 Poland Tornado Outbreak]] || August 15–16, 2008 || [[Mykanów]], [[Poland]] || 8 confirmed, 11 reported|| 3 fatalities || F3 - F4 tornadoes in [[Opolskie]], [[Silesian]], and [[Łódzkie]] Voivodeships
| [[2008 Poland Tornado Outbreak]] || August 15–16, 2008 || [[Mykanów]], [[Poland]] || 8 confirmed, 11 reported|| 3 fatalities || F3 - F4 tornadoes in [[Opolskie]], [[Silesian]], and [[Łódzkie]] Voivodeships
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| Greece Tornado || February 12, 2010 || [[Greece]] || - || - || F2/T3-T4 tornado<ref>{{cite journal |last= Matsangouras |first= I.T. |coauthors= P.T. Nastos and I. Pytharoulis |title= Synoptic-mesoscale analysis and numerical modeling of a tornado event on 12 February 2010 in northern Greece |journal= Adv. Sci. Res. |volume= 6 |issue= |pages= 187-94 |date= 2011 |url = http://www.adv-sci-res.net/6/187/2011/asr-6-187-2011.html |doi= 10.5194/asr-6-187-2011 }}</ref>
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| Lichtenvoorde - Vragender - Winterswijk, Netherlands ||July 12, 2010 || [[Netherlands]] || 1 || 6 injuries || Tornado destroyed church tower in Vragender and Zwarte Cross Festival area in Lichtenvoorde. damage T5-T7, uncertainty about nature of winds, some sources cite a strong [[derecho]] as cause of damage.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
| Lichtenvoorde - Vragender - Winterswijk, Netherlands ||July 12, 2010 || [[Netherlands]] || 1 || 6 injuries || Tornado destroyed church tower in Vragender and Zwarte Cross Festival area in Lichtenvoorde. damage T5-T7, uncertainty about nature of winds, some sources cite a strong [[derecho]] as cause of damage.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}
* [[Thomas P. Grazulis|Grazulis, Thomas P.]] (1993). ''Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991, A Chronology and Analysis of Events''. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1
* [[Thomas P. Grazulis|Grazulis, Thomas P.]] (1993). ''Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991, A Chronology and Analysis of Events''. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1
* --- (2001). ''The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm''. Norman, OK: [[University of Oklahoma Press]]. ISBN 0-8061-3258-2
* --- (2001). ''The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm''. Norman, OK: [[University of Oklahoma Press]]. ISBN 0-8061-3258-2

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal |last= Dessens |first= Jean |coauthors= JT Snow |title= Tornadoes in France |journal= Wea. and Forecasting |volume= 4 |issue= 2 |pages= 110-32 |date= Jun 1989 |url= http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0434%281989%29004%3C0110%3ATIF%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |doi= 10.1175/1520-0434(1989)004<0110:TIF>2.0.CO;2 }}
* {{cite journal |last= Dotzek |first= Nikolai |title= Tornadoes in Germany |journal= Atmos. Res. |volume= 56 |issue= 1-4 |pages= 233-51 |date= Jan 2001 |url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809500000752 |doi= 10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00075-2 }}
* {{cite journal |last= Dotzek |first= Nikolai |authorlink= |title= An updated estimate of tornado occurrence in Europe |journal= Atmos. Res. |volume= 67-68 |issue= |pages = 153-61 |date= Jul-Sep 2003 |url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809503000498 |doi= 10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00049-8 }}
* {{cite journal |last= Gianfreda |first= F. |coauthors= M. M. Miglietta and P. Sansò |title= Tornadoes in Southern Apulia (Italy) |journal= Nat. Hazards |volume= 34 |issue= 1 |pages= 71-89 |date= 2005 |url= http://www.springerlink.com/content/v13523wg10704722/ |doi = 10.1007/s11069-004-1966-3 }}
* {{cite journal |last= Paul |first= François |title= A developing inventory of tornadoes in France |journal= Atmos. Res. |volume= 56 |issue= 1-4 |pages= 269-80 |date= Jan 2001 |url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809500000776 |doi= 10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00077-6 }}
* {{cite journal |last= Setvák |first= Martin |coauthors= M. Šálek, J. Munzar |title= Tornadoes within the Czech Republic: from early medieval chronicles to the “internet society” |journal= Atmos. Res. |volume= 67-68 |issue= |pages= 589-605 |date= Jul-Sep 2003 |url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809503000759 |doi= 10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00075-9 }}
<!-- A case study of tornado-producing storm south of Rhodopes mountain in the Eastern Mediterranean http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809501000710
Tornado climatology of Austria http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809500000739
Tornadoes in Germany 1950–2003 and their relation to particular weather conditions http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818106002815
A tornado climatology for Ireland http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809503000802
The climatology of tornadoes and waterspouts in Italy http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809506001268
Tornadoes and waterspouts in the Balearic Islands: phenomena and environment characterization http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809500000764
Tornadoes and waterspouts in Greece http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809503000784
Tornado activity in Greece within the 20th century http://adv-geosci.net/26/49/2010/adgeo-26-49-2010.pdf
A tornado and waterspout climatology for Greece http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016980951000205X
Towards a European climatology of meteorological parameters associated to the genesis of severe storms http://eng.tethys.cat/files/3tethys-02-eng.pdf
http://www.tordach.org/papers.htm
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01698095/67 -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/europe.htm Europe listing by The Tornado Project]
* [http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/europe.htm Europe listing by The Tornado Project]
* [http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php European Tornado Extremes] ([[TORRO]])
* [http://www.essl.org European Severe Storms Laboratory (ESSL)]
* [http://www.essl.org European Severe Storms Laboratory (ESSL)]
** [http://essl.org/ESWD/ European Severe Weather Database (ESWD)]
** [http://essl.org/ESWD/ European Severe Weather Database (ESWD)]

Revision as of 11:49, 13 February 2012

Parent article: List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.


These are some notable tornadoes, tornado outbreaks, and tornado outbreak sequences that have occurred in Europe.

Pre-20th century

Event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes
Rosdalla, Ireland Tornado April 30, 1054 Kilbeggan, Ireland - - Earliest known European tornado[1]
London Tornado of 1091, England Tornado October 23, 1091 United Kingdom - - Earliest known and perhaps strongest British tornado[1]
Vyšehrad Tornado of 1119 July 30, 1119 Vyšehrad, Bohemia - - Earliest known and perhaps strongest Czech tornado which destroyed palace of Czech duke at Vyšehrad now in Prague[citation needed]
Czech Tornado of 1144 May 14, 1144 Bohemia 2 - Two tornadoes near military camp of duke Oto[citation needed]
Prague Tornado of 1255 April 8, 1255 Prague, Bohemia - - Tornado at Prague Castle[citation needed]
Valletta, Malta Tornado September 23, 1551 (or 1556) Malta - ≈600 fatalities Perhaps deadliest European tornado[1]
Neznašov, Czech Tornado July 6, 1585 Bohemia - - [citation needed]
Augsburg, Germany Tornado July 2, 1587 Germany - - [citation needed]
Roma, Italy Tornado December 4, 1645 Italy - Many fatalities probably F4[citation needed]
La Rochelle - Paris, France Tornadoes September 1669 France - - Longest track tornado family in Europe[1]
Cádiz Tornado March 1671 Cadiz, Spain - Many fatalities Apparent violent Spanish tornado[2]
Utrecht, Netherlands Tornado August 1, 1674 Utrecht, Netherlands - - Destroyed part of the Dom Tower of Utrecht[3]
Roma, Italy Tornado June 12, 1749 Italy - 3 fatalities Destroyed many houses in Rome and Ostia,probably F3 multivortex tornado[citation needed]
Padua, Italy Tornado August 17, 1756 Veneto, Italy - - A likely F3 tornado hit the city of Padua, heavy damaging masonry buildings, with leaded roofs thrown several kilometers away[citation needed]
Great Malvern Tornado October 14, 1761 United Kingdom - -
Woldegk, Germany Tornado June 29, 1764 Germany - - probably F5[citation needed]
Hainichen, Germany Tornado April 23, 1800 Germany - - probably F5[citation needed]
Fernhill Heath - Hampshire, England Tornadoes September 22, 1810 England, UK - - Widest known and perhaps strongest British tornadoes[1]
Southsea, England Tornado December 14, 1810 Hampshire, England, UK - - Perhaps strongest British tornado[1]
Seine - Maritime, France Tornado August 19, 1845 France - 70-200 fatalities Perhaps strongest European tornado[1]
Sicily, Italy Tornadoes December 1851 Sicily, Italy 2 ≈500 fatalities Among deadliest European tornadoes[1]
Brno, Czech Tornado October 13, 1870 Brno, Moravia - - Detailed scientific description by Gregor Mendel[citation needed]
Vienna, Austria Tornado June 29, 1873 Vienna, Austria - Many fatalities [citation needed]
Madrid, Spain Tornado May 12, 1886 Madrid, Spain - Numerous fatalities Deadliest Spanish tornado of last two centuries (Carabanchel)[4]
F4 Rhineland-Tornado July 1, 1891 North-Rhineland, Germany 1 at least 1 fatality, many injured Total destruction of Anrath, a small village[citation needed]

20th century

Event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes
Javaugues, France Tornado June 3, 1902 France - 1 fatality Widest known European tornado[1]
Moscow, Russia Tornado June 29, 1904 Moscow, Russia ≥2 ≥30 fatalities [citation needed]
Barry - Chester, Wales- England Tornado October 27, 1913 United Kingdom - Several fatalities Perhaps deadliest British tornadic supercell[citation needed]
Wiener Neustadt, Austria Tornado July 10, 1916 Wiener Neustadt, Austria - 32 fatalities, 300+ injured Deadliest and strongest known Austrian supercell tornado. (F3/T7)[citation needed]
Southern Netherlands Tornado Outbreak April 26, 1924 Netherlands ≥3 - [citation needed]
Borculo, Netherlands Tornado Outbreak August 10, 1925 Netherlands Many 3 fatalities [citation needed]
Uetersen, Germany Tornado Outbreak August 10, 1925 Uetersen 1 1 fatalities Tornado (F3)[citation needed]
Lichtenvoorde - Neede - Tubbergen, Netherlands Tornado June 1, 1927 Netherlands - Germany - 10 fatalities Possibly multiple tornadoes, T9-T10 damage near Neede[citation needed]
Montello, Italy Tornado July 24, 1930 Veneto and Friuli, Italy - ≥23 fatalities Perhaps strongest European tornado[1] struck tornadicly active area of Italy, supposed F5, gusts of about 500km/h, leveled masonry buildings. [1]
Lublin Tornado July 22, 1931 Poland - 6 fatalites Described as the F5 but it is uncertain value.[2] [3]
Nurmijärvi - Konginkangas August 4, 1932 Finland - 1 fatality 6 tornadoes (one F3) track 20 km)[citation needed]
Kiuruvesi July 11, 1934 Finland - 1 fatality F4 tornado, strongest one in Finland[citation needed]
Loray, Doubs Tornado June 9, 1935 Doubs, France - - [citation needed]
Buckinghamshire - Cambridgeshire, England Tornadoes May 21, 1950 United Kingdom - - Longest known British tornado/tornado family[1]
Veluwe, Gelderland - Haulerwijk, Friesland, Netherlands Tornadoes August 23, 1950 Gelderland - Friesland, Netherlands ≥2 - Strongest recorded tornado in Nederlands, T10 (F5) damage[citation needed] in 50 kilometre long path in Veluwe forest.[citation needed]
Castelo Branco, Portugal Tornado November 6, 1954 Portugal - 4 fatalities, 200 injuries [citation needed]
Rawa Mazowiecka and Nowe Miasto Poland Tornado May 15 - 16, 1958 Poland 2 3 fatalities, >100 injuries [4]
Rzeszów, Poland Tornado May 20 South-East Poland near Rzeszów and Tomaszow Lubelski many 4 fatalities [5]
Parma, Italy Tornado July 4, 1965 Italy ≥1 25 fatalities, 160 injuries [citation needed]
Western Europe Tornado Outbreaks of 1967 June 24–25, 1967 France - Netherlands - Belgium ≥8 ≥15 fatalities Same storm system produced two destructive outbreaks with fatalities in three countries[citation needed]
German Black Forest Tornado July 10, 1968 Germany - 3 fatalities [5]
Nicosia, Cyprus Tornadoes December 22, 1969 Cyprus Several 4 fatalities Waterspouts (probably tornadic) came ashore[citation needed]
Venice, Italy Tornado Outbreak September 11, 1970 Veneto, Italy Several 36 fatalities The tornado outbreak originated near Padua, passed through it and ended in Venice bringing death and havoc [6] [7]
Ameland Island, Netherlands Tornado August 11, 1972 Friesland, Netherlands - 7 fatalities, 90 injuries [citation needed]
Moerdijk, Netherlands Tornado October 6, 1981 North Brabant, Netherlands - 17 fatalities NLM CityHopper Flight 431 encountered tornado shortly after takeoff and crashed
Gwynedd - Humberside - Essex Tornado Outbreak, Wales and England Tornadoes November 23, 1981 United Kingdom 105 0 fatalities Largest known European outbreak[1] though predominately weak tornadoes
1984 Ivanovo-Yaroslavl, Russia, Tornado Outbreak June 9, 1984 Western Russia 22 >400 fatalities, 213 injured [1]At least one F5, one F4, and one F3 were in the outbreak that damaged 36 cities and villages, including Tver and Kostroma, in a wide area north of Moscow.[citation needed]
Shel'vov July 20, 1987 Ukraine 1 - F4 tornado that destroyed the town of Shel'vov.[citation needed]
Ameland Island, Netherlands Tornado August 17, 1992 Friesland, Netherlands - 1 fatality [citation needed]
Sigüenza, Spain Tornado May 24, 1993 Sigüenza, Spain - - F2 damage in a path across the town[citation needed]
Spijkenisse, South-Holland June 7, 1997 Netherlands - F1 Damage on houses, and trees ripped out of the ground[citation needed]
Mikkeli, Rantakylä June 12, 1998 Finland - F3 (track 10 km) destroyed some airport facilities[citation needed]
San Leonardo de Yagüe, Spain Tornado June 1, 1999 Spain - - F3 damage and thousands of trees uprooted in a forest near Soria, Spain[citation needed]
Gudar Range, Spain Tornado August 28, 1999 Sistema Ibérico, Spain 1+ - F3 tornado in mountainous terrain[6]

21st century

Event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes
Athens, Greece Tornado July 27, 2002 Athens, Greece - - Struck near airport[7]
Bulgaria Tornado August 12, 2002 Bulgaria - 3 fatalities Intense (F3+), long-track (74+ km path) tornado[8]
Cyprus Tornadoes January 27, 2003 Southern Cyprus 4 1 fatality Tornadoes and waterspouts; Limassol worst hit at T4-T5[9]
Cyprus Tornado Outbreak January 22, 2004 Cyprus 7+ Multiple injuries Severe weather outbreak with several T3-T4 tornadoes and waterspouts[9]
Kontiolahti, Viinijärvi Tornadoes August 20, 2004 Finland - - F2 (track 10 km) At least 2 tornadoes
Romania Tornadoes May 7, 2005 Romania 3+ - 1 F1, 2 F0 tornadoes associated with bow echo[10]
Garderen Tornado July 27, 2005 Garderen, Netherlands 1 - T4 tornado damaging mainly woods, also some damage to property.[citation needed]
Birmingham, UK Tornado July 28, 2005 Birmingham, United Kingdom - 30 injuries, 3 of which were serious T4 tornado, briefly became a T5 (sustained F2 tornado on the Fujita scale)
Hamburg, Germany Tornado Outbreak March 27, 2006 Germany 8 2 fatalities
Central Europe Tornado Outbreak May 20, 2006 Germany ≥12 Some injuries [citation needed]
Noordwijkerhout Tornado May 21, 2006 Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands 1 - T3-T4 tornado causing damage to crops and buildings[citation needed]
August 2006 UK Tornado Outbreaks August 16–18, 2006 United Kingdom - 8 injuries At least 4 tornadoes[citation needed]
August 2006 Mainland Europe Outbreak August 21, 2006 Western Europe - 38 injuries At least 7 confirmed tornadoes, a further 4 unconfirmed others[citation needed]
London Tornado of 2006 December 7, 2006 London, United Kingdom 1 6 injuries[11]
Central England Tornado Outbreak September 23, 2007 Central England - - At least 4 tornadoes reported in Warwickshire, Northamptonshire and West Midlands. [8][dead link]
2008 Hautmont, France tornado August 3, 2008 Hautmont, France - 4 fatalities, 13 injuries F4 damaged several villages[12][13]
Northern Netherlands Tornado Outbreak August 3, 2008 Friesland, Groningen, Netherlands 2 confirmed, 4 reported - T3-T4 tornadoes caused damage to property[citation needed]
2008 Poland Tornado Outbreak August 15–16, 2008 Mykanów, Poland 8 confirmed, 11 reported 3 fatalities F3 - F4 tornadoes in Opolskie, Silesian, and Łódzkie Voivodeships
Greece Tornado February 12, 2010 Greece - - F2/T3-T4 tornado[14]
Lichtenvoorde - Vragender - Winterswijk, Netherlands July 12, 2010 Netherlands 1 6 injuries Tornado destroyed church tower in Vragender and Zwarte Cross Festival area in Lichtenvoorde. damage T5-T7, uncertainty about nature of winds, some sources cite a strong derecho as cause of damage.[citation needed]
Lumda - Schluechtern, Germany August 28, 2010  Germany 2 confirmed, 3 reported - F2 tornado in Lumda & F1 tornado in Schluehtern, caused a damage of about €500 Million [citation needed]
Northern Sweden Tornado Outbreak June 4, 2011 Northern Sweden - At least 3 injuries Several tornadoes reported in the provinces of Ångermanland, Västerbotten, and Norrbotten in northern Sweden. [9][10]
Sachsen - Anhalt, Germany September 11, 2011  Germany 1 F3 tornado confirmed. - [citation needed]
England and Wales tornadoes November 29, 2011 England and Wales 1 F0, 2 F1 tornadoes 1 injured One tornado in Greater Manchester, England and another in Anglesey, Wales. Later that day, a F1 tornado struck north of Breighton.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "British & European Tornado Extremes". Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. Retrieved 2012-02-13. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ Gayà, Miquel (Jun 2011). "Tornadoes and severe storms in Spain". Atmos. Res. 100 (4): 334–43. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.019.
  3. ^ Hauer, Katrin (Jun 2011). "Reporting on historical severe storms: Two examples of Utrecht (1674) and Abtenau (1796)". Atmos. Res. 100 (4): 580–5. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.08.007. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Gayà, Miquel (Feb 2007). "The 1886 tornado of Madrid". Atmos. Res. 83 (2–4): 201–10. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.10.017.
  5. ^ Nestle, R. (1969). "Der Tornado vom 10. 7. 1968 im Raum Pforzheim". Meteor. Rundsch. 22: 1–3.
  6. ^ Homar, V. (Jul–Sep 2003). "Tornadoes over complex terrain: an analysis of the 28th August 1999 tornadic event in eastern Spain". Atmos. Res. 67–68: 301–17. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00064-4. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  7. ^ Matsangouras, J.T. (2010). "The 27 July 2002 tornado event in Athens, Greece" (PDF). Adv. Sci. Res. 4: 9–13. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Lemon, Leslie R. (Jul–Sep 2003). "A strong, long-track, Romanian tornado". Atmos. Res. 67–68: 391–416. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00063-2. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  9. ^ a b Sioutas, Michalis (Jan 2006). "Meteorological conditions contributing to the development of severe tornadoes in southern Cyprus". Weather. 61 (1): 10–6. doi:10.1256/wea.268.04. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Oprea, I.C. (2009). "Meteorological environment of a tornado outbreak in Southern Romania". Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 9: 609–22. doi:10.5194/nhess-9-609-2009. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ "Six hurt as tornado hits London". BBC. 2006-12-07. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  12. ^ Mahieu, Pierre (Oct 2009). "The Deadly EF-4 Tornado of August 3, 2008, in Northern France" (PDF). 5th European Conference on Severe Storms. Landshut, Germany: European Severe Storms Laboratory. {{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter |booktitle= ignored (|book-title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Wesolek, Emmanuel (Jun 2011). "The F4 tornado of August 3, 2008, in Northern France: Case study of a tornadic storm in a low CAPE environment". Atmos. Res. 100 (4): 649–56. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.09.003. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Matsangouras, I.T. (2011). "Synoptic-mesoscale analysis and numerical modeling of a tornado event on 12 February 2010 in northern Greece". Adv. Sci. Res. 6: 187–94. doi:10.5194/asr-6-187-2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991, A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1
  • --- (2001). The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3258-2

Further reading

External links

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