Haplogroup O-M117: Difference between revisions
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|name=O-M117 |
|name=O-M117 |
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|map= |
|map= |
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|origin-date=17,300 [95% CI 15,600 <-> 19,000] ybp (YFull<ref name = "YFull">[https://www.yfull.com/tree/O/ YFull Haplogroup YTree] v6.03.46 at 31 July 2018</ref>)<br><br>18,203 [95% CI 16,626 <-> 19,783] years ago (Karmin 2015<ref name = "Karmin2015"> |
|origin-date=17,300 [95% CI 15,600 <-> 19,000] ybp (YFull<ref name = "YFull">[https://www.yfull.com/tree/O/ YFull Haplogroup YTree] v6.03.46 at 31 July 2018</ref>)<br><br>18,203 [95% CI 16,626 <-> 19,783] years ago (Karmin 2015<ref name = "Karmin2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Karmin | first1 = Monika | last2 = Saag | first2 = Lauri | last3 = Vicente | first3 = Mário | display-authors = etal | year = 2015 | title = A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture | journal = Genome Research | volume = 25 | issue = | pages = 459–466 | doi = 10.1101/gr.186684.114 | pmid = 25770088 | pmc = 4381518 }}</ref>) |
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|origin-place=probably [[East Asia]] or [[Southeast Asia]]{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} |
|origin-place=probably [[East Asia]] or [[Southeast Asia]]{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} |
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|TMRCA=11,500 [95% CI 10,100 <-> 12,900] ybp (YFull<ref name = "YFull" />) |
|TMRCA=11,500 [95% CI 10,100 <-> 12,900] ybp (YFull<ref name = "YFull" />) |
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The most recent common ancestor of all extant members of the O-M133 subclade, which predominates among extant members of O-M117, is estimated to have lived in a significantly less ancient era: 7,000 [95% CI 6,300 <-> 7,600] ybp according to YFull,<ref name = "YFull" /> 7,455 [95% CI 6,514 <-> 8,500] years ago according to Karmin ''et al.'' 2015,<ref name = "Karmin2015" /> or 7,500 |
The most recent common ancestor of all extant members of the O-M133 subclade, which predominates among extant members of O-M117, is estimated to have lived in a significantly less ancient era: 7,000 [95% CI 6,300 <-> 7,600] ybp according to YFull,<ref name = "YFull" /> 7,455 [95% CI 6,514 <-> 8,500] years ago according to Karmin ''et al.'' 2015,<ref name = "Karmin2015" /> or 7,500 |
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or 6,400 years ago (depending on which estimate of the mutation rate is used) according to Poznik ''et al.'' 2016.<ref name = "Poznik2016">G. David |
or 6,400 years ago (depending on which estimate of the mutation rate is used) according to Poznik ''et al.'' 2016.<ref name = "Poznik2016">{{cite journal | last1 = Poznik | first1 = G. David | last2 = Xue | first2 = Yali | last3 = Mendez | first3 = Fernando L. | display-authors = etal | date = June 2016 | title = Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 48 | issue = 6| pages = 593–599 | doi = 10.1038/ng.3559 | pmid = 27111036 | pmc = 4884158 }}</ref> |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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===China=== |
===China=== |
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Haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 has been found often in samples of [[Han Chinese]] from various parts of China: 10/34 = 29.4% O-M133 [[Hakka people|Hakka]] in [[Taiwan]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> 57/258 = 22.1% O-M133 miscellaneous Han volunteers in [[Taiwan]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> 4/19 = 21.1% [[Fujian]] ([[1000 Genomes Project|CHS]]),<ref name = "YFull" /> 12/60 = 20.0% O-M133 [[Minnan people|Minnan]] in [[Taiwan]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> 29/167 = 17.4% [[East China]],<ref name = "Yan2011">Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Shi-Lin Li, Li Jin, and The Genographic Consortium, "An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 19, 1013–1015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64; published online 20 April 2011.</ref> 21/129 = 16.3% [[North China]],<ref name = "Yan2011" /> 7/46 = 15.2% [[Beijing]] ([[1000 Genomes Project|CHB]]),<ref name = "Poznik2016" /> 5/34 = 14.7% [[Chengdu]],<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 5/35 = 14.3% [[Harbin]],<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 9/65 = 13.8% [[South China]],<ref name = "Yan2011" /> 7/55 = 12.7% O-M133 [[Fujian]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014">Jean A |
Haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 has been found often in samples of [[Han Chinese]] from various parts of China: 10/34 = 29.4% O-M133 [[Hakka people|Hakka]] in [[Taiwan]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> 57/258 = 22.1% O-M133 miscellaneous Han volunteers in [[Taiwan]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> 4/19 = 21.1% [[Fujian]] ([[1000 Genomes Project|CHS]]),<ref name = "YFull" /> 12/60 = 20.0% O-M133 [[Minnan people|Minnan]] in [[Taiwan]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> 29/167 = 17.4% [[East China]],<ref name = "Yan2011">Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Shi-Lin Li, Li Jin, and The Genographic Consortium, "An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 19, 1013–1015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64; published online 20 April 2011.</ref> 21/129 = 16.3% [[North China]],<ref name = "Yan2011" /> 7/46 = 15.2% [[Beijing]] ([[1000 Genomes Project|CHB]]),<ref name = "Poznik2016" /> 5/34 = 14.7% [[Chengdu]],<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 5/35 = 14.3% [[Harbin]],<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 9/65 = 13.8% [[South China]],<ref name = "Yan2011" /> 7/55 = 12.7% O-M133 [[Fujian]],<ref name = "Trejaut2014">{{cite journal | last1 = Trejaut | first1 = Jean A | last2 = Poloni | first2 = Estella S | last3 = Yen | first3 = Ju-Chen | last4 = Lai | first4 = Ying-Hui | last5 = Loo | first5 = Jun-Hun | last6 = Lee | first6 = Chien-Liang | last7 = He | first7 = Chun-Lin | last8 = Lin | first8 = Marie | year = | title = Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia | url = http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/15/77 | journal = BMC Genetics | volume = 2014 | issue = 15| page = 77 }}</ref> 4/35 = 11.4% [[Meixian District|Meixian]],<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 3/30 = 10.0% [[Lanzhou]],<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 2/32 = 6.3% [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture|Yili]],<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 1/37 = 2.7% [[Hunan]] ([[1000 Genomes Project|CHS]]).<ref name = "YFull" /> |
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Members of haplogroup O-M117 also have been found among various ethnic minorities in China, such as [[Tibetans]] (13/35 = 37.1%,<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 45/156 = 28.8%<ref name = "Gayden2007"> |
Members of haplogroup O-M117 also have been found among various ethnic minorities in China, such as [[Tibetans]] (13/35 = 37.1%,<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 45/156 = 28.8%<ref name = "Gayden2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Gayden | first1 = Tenzin | last2 = Cadenas | first2 = Alicia M. | last3 = Regueiro | first3 = Maria | last4 = Singh | first4 = Nanda B. | last5 = Zhivotovsky | first5 = Lev A. | last6 = Underhill | first6 = Peter A. | last7 = Cavalli-Sforza | first7 = Luigi L. | last8 = Herrera | first8 = Rene J. | year = 2007 | title = The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 80 | issue = | pages = 884–894 | doi = 10.1086/516757 | pmid = 17436243 | pmc = 1852741 }}</ref>), [[Dai people|Dai]] (13/52 = 25.0% [[1000 Genomes Project|CDX]], or Chinese Dai in [[Xishuangbanna]]),<ref name = "YFull" /> [[She people]] (6/34 = 17.6%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Koreans in China|Koreans]] (4/25 = 16.0% Koreans in the PRC<ref name = "Xue2006">Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." ''Genetics'' 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.054270</ref>), [[Nanai people|Hezhe]] (7/45 = 15.6%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Evenks]] (4/26 = 15.4%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Manchu]] (5/35 = 14.3%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Yao people|Yao]] in [[Liannan Yao Autonomous County|Liannan]], [[Guangdong]] (5/35 = 14.3%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Mongols]] (5/45 = 11.1% Inner Mongolian<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Qiang people|Qiang]] (3/33 = 9.1%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Daur people|Daurs]] (3/39 = 7.7% Daur<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Hani people|Hani]] (2/34 = 5.9%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Xibe people|Xibe]] (2/41 = 4.9%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Uyghurs]] (3/70 = 4.3%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Oroqen people|Oroqen]] (1/31 = 3.2%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), [[Buyi people|Buyi]] (1/35 = 2.9%<ref name = "Xue2006" />), and [[Hui people|Hui]] (1/35 = 2.9%<ref name = "Xue2006" />). |
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===India=== |
===India=== |
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In a study of the DNA of [[Adivasi]] populations in the state of [[Meghalaya]], Reddy ''et al.'' (2007) found O-M133 in 19.7% (14/71) [[Garo people|Garo]], 13.6% (6/44) Pnar, 11.1% (2/18) Nongtrai, 8.3% (5/60) Lyngngam, 6.9% (2/29) War-Khasi, 6.3% (4/64) Maram, 5.3% (1/19) War-Jaintia, 2.3% (2/87) Khynriam, and 0% (0/32) Bhoi. The Garo natively speak the [[Garo language]], whereas all the other studied populations natively speak [[Khasic languages]].<ref name = "Reddy2007">Reddy BM |
In a study of the DNA of [[Adivasi]] populations in the state of [[Meghalaya]], Reddy ''et al.'' (2007) found O-M133 in 19.7% (14/71) [[Garo people|Garo]], 13.6% (6/44) Pnar, 11.1% (2/18) Nongtrai, 8.3% (5/60) Lyngngam, 6.9% (2/29) War-Khasi, 6.3% (4/64) Maram, 5.3% (1/19) War-Jaintia, 2.3% (2/87) Khynriam, and 0% (0/32) Bhoi. The Garo natively speak the [[Garo language]], whereas all the other studied populations natively speak [[Khasic languages]].<ref name = "Reddy2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Reddy | first1 = BM | last2 = Langstieh | first2 = BT | last3 = Kumar | first3 = V | last4 = Nagaraja | first4 = T | last5 = Reddy | first5 = ANS | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 11| page = e1141 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001141 | pmid = 17989774 | pmc = 2065843 }}</ref> |
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In another study that included populations in Meghalaya, Kumar ''et al.'' (2007) found O-M133 in 9.8% (9/92) Khasi and 9.1% (3/33) Garo.<ref name = "Kumar2007"> |
In another study that included populations in Meghalaya, Kumar ''et al.'' (2007) found O-M133 in 9.8% (9/92) Khasi and 9.1% (3/33) Garo.<ref name = "Kumar2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Kumar | first1 = Vikrant | last2 = Reddy | first2 = Arimanda NS | last3 = Babu | first3 = Jagedeesh P | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 2007 | issue = 7| page = 47 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-7-47 | pmid = 17389048 | pmc = 1851701 }}</ref> |
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A study of populations of northern West Bengal and Sikkim published in 2011 found O-M117 in 57.7% (15/26) [[Rabha people|Rabha]], 47.4% (9/19) [[Mech tribe|Mech]], 43.1% (22/51) [[Rajbongshi people|Rajbanshi]], 41.7% (15/36) [[Dhimal]], and 7.4% (4/54) [[Bengali people|Bengali]] from the northern panhandle of [[West Bengal]] and in 9.1% (1/11) of a sample of [[Bhutia|Lachungpa]] from [[Sikkim]]. O-M117 was not found in this study's samples of [[Kol people|Kol]] (0/62), [[Santhal people|Santhal]] (0/51), [[Kharia people|Kharia]] (0/34), or [[Kurukh people|Oraon]] (0/31) from the northern panhandle of West Bengal.<ref name = "Debnath2011">Monojit Debnath, Malliya G Palanichamy, Bikash Mitra, Jie-Qiong Jin, Tapas K Chaudhuri, and Ya-Ping Zhang, "Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 56, 765–771; doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.98.</ref> |
A study of populations of northern West Bengal and Sikkim published in 2011 found O-M117 in 57.7% (15/26) [[Rabha people|Rabha]], 47.4% (9/19) [[Mech tribe|Mech]], 43.1% (22/51) [[Rajbongshi people|Rajbanshi]], 41.7% (15/36) [[Dhimal]], and 7.4% (4/54) [[Bengali people|Bengali]] from the northern panhandle of [[West Bengal]] and in 9.1% (1/11) of a sample of [[Bhutia|Lachungpa]] from [[Sikkim]]. O-M117 was not found in this study's samples of [[Kol people|Kol]] (0/62), [[Santhal people|Santhal]] (0/51), [[Kharia people|Kharia]] (0/34), or [[Kurukh people|Oraon]] (0/31) from the northern panhandle of West Bengal.<ref name = "Debnath2011">Monojit Debnath, Malliya G Palanichamy, Bikash Mitra, Jie-Qiong Jin, Tapas K Chaudhuri, and Ya-Ping Zhang, "Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 56, 765–771; doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.98.</ref> |
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===Korea=== |
===Korea=== |
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Between 11% and 15% of males in samples collected in [[South Korea]] have been found to belong to haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 (20/133 = 15.0% Koreans in [[Daejeon]],<ref name = "Park2012">Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." ''International Journal of Legal Medicine'' July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9</ref> 70/573 = 12.2% Koreans in [[Seoul]],<ref name = "Park2012" /> 5/43 = 11.6% Koreans in South Korea,<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 33/300 = 11.0% O-M133 Koreans<ref name = "Park2013"> |
Between 11% and 15% of males in samples collected in [[South Korea]] have been found to belong to haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 (20/133 = 15.0% Koreans in [[Daejeon]],<ref name = "Park2012">Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." ''International Journal of Legal Medicine'' July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9</ref> 70/573 = 12.2% Koreans in [[Seoul]],<ref name = "Park2012" /> 5/43 = 11.6% Koreans in South Korea,<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 33/300 = 11.0% O-M133 Koreans<ref name = "Park2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Jin Park | first1 = Myung | last2 = Young Lee | first2 = Hwan | last3 = Young Kim | first3 = Na | last4 = Young Lee | first4 = Eun | last5 = Ick Yang | first5 = Woo | last6 = Shin | first6 = Kyoung-Jin | year = 2013 | title = Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA | journal = Forensic Science International: Genetics | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 75–81 | doi = 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.014 | pmid = 22818129 }}</ref>). |
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===Mongolia=== |
===Mongolia=== |
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Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in about 5% of samples of [[Mongols]] in [[Mongolia]]: 4/20 = 20.0% NE Mongolia,<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013">Di Cristofaro J |
Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in about 5% of samples of [[Mongols]] in [[Mongolia]]: 4/20 = 20.0% NE Mongolia,<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Di Cristofaro | first1 = J | last2 = Pennarun | first2 = E | last3 = Mazières | first3 = S | last4 = Myres | first4 = NM | last5 = Lin | first5 = AA | display-authors = etal | year = 2013 | title = Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 10| page = e76748 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 | pmid = 24204668 | pmc = 3799995 }}</ref> 1/18 = 5.6% central Mongolia,<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013" /> 3/65 = 4.6% Outer Mongolian,<ref name = "Xue2006" /> 1/23 = 4.3% SE Mongolia,<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013" /> 3/97 = 3.1% NW Mongolia.<ref name = "DiCristofaro2013" /> |
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===Nepal=== |
===Nepal=== |
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In a study published in 2014, haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 13.3% (10/75) of a sample of the general population of Thailand and in 3.7% (1/27) of a sample of [[Akha people|Akka]] in Thailand.<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> |
In a study published in 2014, haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 13.3% (10/75) of a sample of the general population of Thailand and in 3.7% (1/27) of a sample of [[Akha people|Akka]] in Thailand.<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> |
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Brunelli ''et al.'' (2017) have found O-M117 in 35.0% (7/20) of [[Shan people|Shan]], 22.4% (46/205) of [[Northern Thai people|Khon Mueang]], 22.2% (4/18) of [[Mon people|Mon]], 20.0% (5/25) of [[Lawa people|Western Lawa]], 17.6% (16/91) of [[Tai Lue]], 16.7% (4/24) of [[Khün language|Tai Khuen]], 13.6% (9/66) of [[Tai Yuan]], and 11.5% (3/26) of [[Yong language|Tai Yong]] in [[Northern Thailand]] and in 31.6% (6/19) of [[Tai Yuan]] in [[Central Thailand]].<ref name = "Brunelli2017">Brunelli A |
Brunelli ''et al.'' (2017) have found O-M117 in 35.0% (7/20) of [[Shan people|Shan]], 22.4% (46/205) of [[Northern Thai people|Khon Mueang]], 22.2% (4/18) of [[Mon people|Mon]], 20.0% (5/25) of [[Lawa people|Western Lawa]], 17.6% (16/91) of [[Tai Lue]], 16.7% (4/24) of [[Khün language|Tai Khuen]], 13.6% (9/66) of [[Tai Yuan]], and 11.5% (3/26) of [[Yong language|Tai Yong]] in [[Northern Thailand]] and in 31.6% (6/19) of [[Tai Yuan]] in [[Central Thailand]].<ref name = "Brunelli2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Brunelli | first1 = A | last2 = Kampuansai | first2 = J | last3 = Seielstad | first3 = M | last4 = Lomthaisong | first4 = K | last5 = Kangwanpong | first5 = D | last6 = Ghirotto | first6 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2017 | title = Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people | url = https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181935 | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 12 | issue = 7| page = e0181935 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0181935 }}</ref> However, in the same study, haplogroup O-M117 was not observed in a sample of 25 [[Lawa people|Eastern Lawa]] in Northern Thailand.<ref name = "Brunelli2017" /> |
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Kutanan ''et al.'' (2019) have found O-F8/F42 (equivalent to O-M133) in 14.75% (131/888) of a pool of samples from Thailand, including 50.0% (9/18) [[Palaung people|Palaung]] in [[Northern Thailand]], 38.9% (7/18) [[Shan people|Shan]] in Northern Thailand, 33.3% (20/60) [[Northern Thai people|Khon Mueang]] in Northern Thailand, 31.0% (13/42) [[Karen people|Karen]] in Northern Thailand, 28.6% (6/21) [[Nyah Kur people|Nyahkur]] in [[Northeast Thailand]], 23.5% (4/17) [[Kaleun people|Kaleun]], 17.1% (22/129) [[Thai people|Thai (Siamese)]], 16.7% (5/30) [[Lu people|Tai Lue]] in Northern Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) [[Nyaw people|Nyaw]] in Northeast Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) [[Blang people|Blang]] in Northern Thailand, 15.4% (4/26) [[Tai Yuan]], 14.3% (15/105) [[Mon people|Mon]], 14.3% (5/35) [[Phuan people|Phuan]], 11.8% (2/17) [[Bru people|Soa]], 11.8% (2/17) [[Khün language|Tai Khün]], 9.4% (3/32) [[Lawa people|Western Lawa]], 8.3% (3/36) [[Tai Dam people|Black Tai]], 6.5% (4/62) [[Isan people|Lao Isan]], and 5.6% (1/18) [[Khmu people|Khmu]].<ref name = "Kutanan2019">Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking (2019), "Contrasting paternal and maternal genetic histories of Thai and Lao populations."</ref> |
Kutanan ''et al.'' (2019) have found O-F8/F42 (equivalent to O-M133) in 14.75% (131/888) of a pool of samples from Thailand, including 50.0% (9/18) [[Palaung people|Palaung]] in [[Northern Thailand]], 38.9% (7/18) [[Shan people|Shan]] in Northern Thailand, 33.3% (20/60) [[Northern Thai people|Khon Mueang]] in Northern Thailand, 31.0% (13/42) [[Karen people|Karen]] in Northern Thailand, 28.6% (6/21) [[Nyah Kur people|Nyahkur]] in [[Northeast Thailand]], 23.5% (4/17) [[Kaleun people|Kaleun]], 17.1% (22/129) [[Thai people|Thai (Siamese)]], 16.7% (5/30) [[Lu people|Tai Lue]] in Northern Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) [[Nyaw people|Nyaw]] in Northeast Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) [[Blang people|Blang]] in Northern Thailand, 15.4% (4/26) [[Tai Yuan]], 14.3% (15/105) [[Mon people|Mon]], 14.3% (5/35) [[Phuan people|Phuan]], 11.8% (2/17) [[Bru people|Soa]], 11.8% (2/17) [[Khün language|Tai Khün]], 9.4% (3/32) [[Lawa people|Western Lawa]], 8.3% (3/36) [[Tai Dam people|Black Tai]], 6.5% (4/62) [[Isan people|Lao Isan]], and 5.6% (1/18) [[Khmu people|Khmu]].<ref name = "Kutanan2019">Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking (2019), "Contrasting paternal and maternal genetic histories of Thai and Lao populations."</ref> |
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===Vietnam=== |
===Vietnam=== |
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Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 4/46 = 8.7% of the KHV ([[Kinh people|Kinh]] in [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam) sample of the [[1000 Genomes Project]].<ref name = "Poznik2016" /><ref name = "YFull" /> Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 1/24 = 4.17% of a sample of people in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam.<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> A study published in 2011 found haplogroup O-M117 in 1/15 = 6.67% [[Kinh people|Kinh]] and 1/12 = 8.33% [[Muong people|Muong]].<ref name = "Cai2011">Cai X |
Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 4/46 = 8.7% of the KHV ([[Kinh people|Kinh]] in [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam) sample of the [[1000 Genomes Project]].<ref name = "Poznik2016" /><ref name = "YFull" /> Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 1/24 = 4.17% of a sample of people in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam.<ref name = "Trejaut2014" /> A study published in 2011 found haplogroup O-M117 in 1/15 = 6.67% [[Kinh people|Kinh]] and 1/12 = 8.33% [[Muong people|Muong]].<ref name = "Cai2011">{{cite journal | last1 = Cai | first1 = X | last2 = Qin | first2 = Z | last3 = Wen | first3 = B | last4 = Xu | first4 = S | last5 = Wang | first5 = Y | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 8| page = e24282 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0024282 | pmid = 21904623 | pmc = 3164178 }}</ref> |
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==Subclades== |
==Subclades== |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Katoh|doi=10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.023|title=Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis|year=2005|first1=Toru|last2=Munkhbat|first2=Batmunkh|last3=Tounai|first3=Kenichi|last4=Mano|first4=Shuhei|last5=Ando|first5=Harue|last6=Oyungerel|first6=Ganjuur|last7=Chae|first7=Gue-Tae|last8=Han|first8=Huun|last9=Jia|first9=Guan-Jun|last10=Tokunaga|first10=Katsushi|last11=Munkhtuvshin|first11=Namid|last12=Tamiya|first12=Gen|last13=Inoko|first13=Hidetoshi|journal=Gene|volume=346|pages=63–70|pmid=15716011}} |
*{{cite journal|last1=Katoh|doi=10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.023|title=Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis|year=2005|first1=Toru|last2=Munkhbat|first2=Batmunkh|last3=Tounai|first3=Kenichi|last4=Mano|first4=Shuhei|last5=Ando|first5=Harue|last6=Oyungerel|first6=Ganjuur|last7=Chae|first7=Gue-Tae|last8=Han|first8=Huun|last9=Jia|first9=Guan-Jun|last10=Tokunaga|first10=Katsushi|last11=Munkhtuvshin|first11=Namid|last12=Tamiya|first12=Gen|last13=Inoko|first13=Hidetoshi|journal=Gene|volume=346|pages=63–70|pmid=15716011}} |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Kayser|doi=10.1093/molbev/msl093|title=Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific|year=2006|first1=M.|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=23|issue=11|pages=2234–44|pmid=16923821|last2=Brauer|first2=S|last3=Cordaux|first3=R|last4=Casto|first4=A|last5=Lao|first5=O|last6=Zhivotovsky|first6=LA|last7=Moyse-Faurie|first7=C|last8=Rutledge|first8=RB|last9=Schiefenhoevel|first9=W|last10=Gil|first10=D|last11=Lin|first11=A. A.|last12=Underhill|first12=P. A.|last13=Oefner|first13=P. J.|last14=Trent|first14=R. J.|last15=Stoneking|first15=M|display-authors=8}} |
*{{cite journal|last1=Kayser|doi=10.1093/molbev/msl093|title=Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific|year=2006|first1=M.|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=23|issue=11|pages=2234–44|pmid=16923821|last2=Brauer|first2=S|last3=Cordaux|first3=R|last4=Casto|first4=A|last5=Lao|first5=O|last6=Zhivotovsky|first6=LA|last7=Moyse-Faurie|first7=C|last8=Rutledge|first8=RB|last9=Schiefenhoevel|first9=W|last10=Gil|first10=D|last11=Lin|first11=A. A.|last12=Underhill|first12=P. A.|last13=Oefner|first13=P. J.|last14=Trent|first14=R. J.|last15=Stoneking|first15=M|display-authors=8}} |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Kharkov|doi=10.1134/S1022795407050110|title=Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups|year=2007|first1=V. N.|last2=Stepanov|first2=V. A.|last3=Medvedeva|first3=O. F.|last4=Spiridonova|first4=M. G.|last5=Voevoda|first5=M. I.|last6=Tadinova|first6=V. N.|last7=Puzyrev|first7=V. P.|journal=Russian Journal of Genetics|volume=43|issue=5|pages=551–562}} |
*{{cite journal|last1=Kharkov|doi=10.1134/S1022795407050110|title=Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups|year=2007|first1=V. N.|last2=Stepanov|first2=V. A.|last3=Medvedeva|first3=O. F.|last4=Spiridonova|first4=M. G.|last5=Voevoda|first5=M. I.|last6=Tadinova|first6=V. N.|last7=Puzyrev|first7=V. P.|journal=Russian Journal of Genetics|volume=43|issue=5|pages=551–562|pmid=17633562}} |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Kim|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000172|title=Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population|year=2007|editor1-last=Blagosklonny|editor1-first=Mikhail|first1=Wook|last2=Yoo|first2=Tag-Keun|last3=Kim|first3=Sung-Joo|last4=Shin|first4=Dong-Jik|last5=Tyler-Smith|first5=Chris|last6=Jin|first6=Han-Jun|last7=Kwak|first7=Kyoung-Don|last8=Kim|first8=Eun-Tak|last9=Bae|first9=Yoon-Sun|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=2|pages=e172|pmid=17245448|issue=1|pmc=1766463|bibcode=2007PLoSO...2..172K}} |
*{{cite journal|last1=Kim|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000172|title=Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population|year=2007|editor1-last=Blagosklonny|editor1-first=Mikhail|first1=Wook|last2=Yoo|first2=Tag-Keun|last3=Kim|first3=Sung-Joo|last4=Shin|first4=Dong-Jik|last5=Tyler-Smith|first5=Chris|last6=Jin|first6=Han-Jun|last7=Kwak|first7=Kyoung-Don|last8=Kim|first8=Eun-Tak|last9=Bae|first9=Yoon-Sun|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=2|pages=e172|pmid=17245448|issue=1|pmc=1766463|bibcode=2007PLoSO...2..172K}} |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Kumar|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-47|title=Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations|year=2007|first1=Vikrant|last2=Reddy|first2=Arimanda NS|last3=Babu|first3=Jagedeesh P|last4=Rao|first4=Tipirisetti N|last5=Langstieh|first5=Banrida T|last6=Thangaraj|first6=Kumarasamy|last7=Reddy|first7=Alla G|last8=Singh|first8=Lalji|last9=Reddy|first9=Battini M|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=7|pages=47|pmid=17389048|pmc=1851701|issue=1}} |
*{{cite journal|last1=Kumar|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-47|title=Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations|year=2007|first1=Vikrant|last2=Reddy|first2=Arimanda NS|last3=Babu|first3=Jagedeesh P|last4=Rao|first4=Tipirisetti N|last5=Langstieh|first5=Banrida T|last6=Thangaraj|first6=Kumarasamy|last7=Reddy|first7=Alla G|last8=Singh|first8=Lalji|last9=Reddy|first9=Battini M|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=7|pages=47|pmid=17389048|pmc=1851701|issue=1}} |
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Haplogroup O-M117 | |
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Possible time of origin | 17,300 [95% CI 15,600 <-> 19,000] ybp (YFull[1]) 18,203 [95% CI 16,626 <-> 19,783] years ago (Karmin 2015[2]) |
Coalescence age | 11,500 [95% CI 10,100 <-> 12,900] ybp (YFull[1]) |
Possible place of origin | probably East Asia or Southeast Asia[citation needed] |
Ancestor | O-M134 |
Descendants | O-M133 |
Defining mutations | M117, Page23, CTS899/M1531, CTS1275/M1536, CTS3251, CTS5128/M1619, CTS6623/M1638, CTS11742/M1720, F141/M1564, F144, F235/M1587, F342/M1627, F373/M1636, F476/M1671, F579/M1692, F581, F584, F613/M1702, F649[citation needed] |
Haplogroup O2a2b1a1-M117 (also defined by the phylogenetically equivalent mutation Page23) is a subclade of O2a2b1-M134 (and also a subclade of haplogroup O2-M122) that occurs frequently in China and in neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and Korea, especially among Sino-Tibetan language speaking people.
O2-M117 has been detected in samples of Tamang (38/45 = 84.4%), Tibetans (45/156 = 28.8% or 13/35 = 37.1%), Tharus (57/171 = 33.3%), Han Taiwanese (40/183 = 21.9%), Newars (14/66 = 21.2%), the general population of Kathmandu, Nepal (13/77 = 16.9%), Han Chinese (5/34 = 14.7% Chengdu, 5/35 = 14.3% Harbin, 4/35 = 11.4% Meixian, 3/30 = 10.0% Lanzhou, 2/32 = 6.3% Yili), Tungusic peoples from the PRC (7/45 = 15.6% Hezhe, 4/26 = 15.4% Evenki, 5/35 = 14.3% Manchu, 2/41 = 4.9% Xibe, 1/31 = 3.2% Oroqen), and Uyghurs (2/39 = 5.1% Yili, 1/31 = 3.2% Ürümqi) (Xue et al. 2006, Gayden et al. 2007, and Fornarino et al. 2009).
Like O-M7, O-M117 has been found with greatly varying frequency in many samples of Hmong-Mien-speaking peoples, such as Mienic peoples (7/20 = 35.0% Mountain Straggler Mien, 9/28 = 32.1% Blue Kimmun, 6/19 = 31.6% Flower Head Mien, 3/11 = 27.3% Top Board Mien, 3/11 = 27.3% Thin Board Mien, 11/47 = 23.4% Western Mien, 6/33 = 18.2% Northern Mien, 5/31 = 16.1% Lowland Yao, 5/35 = 14.3% Yao from Liannan, Guangdong, 5/37 = 13.5% Zaomin, 5/41 = 12.2% Lowland Kimmun, 3/41 = 7.3% Native Mien, 2/31 = 6.5% Southern Mien, 2/32 = 6.3% Mountain Kimmun, but 0/35 Yao from Bama, Guangxi), She (6/34 = 17.6% She, 4/56 = 7.1% Northern She), and Hmongic peoples (9/100 = 9.0% Miao from Hunan, 4/51 = 7.8% Hmong Daw from northern Laos, 3/49 = 6.1% Miao from Yunnan, 1/49 = 2.0% Miao from Guizhou, but 0/36 Bunu from Guangxi) (Cai et al. 2011 and Xue et al. 2006).
In Meghalaya, a predominantly tribal state of Northeast India, O-M133 has been found in 19.7% (14/71) of a sample of the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Garos, but in only 6.2% (22/353, ranging from 0/32 Bhoi to 6/44 = 13.6% Pnar) of a pool of eight samples of the neighboring Khasian-speaking tribes (Reddy et al. 2007).
Origin
The earliest attested genealogical split within haplogroup O-M117, that between O-M133 and O-M117(xM133), is estimated to have occurred approximately 11,500 [95% CI 10,100 <-> 12,900] ybp.[1] However, members of O-M117(xM133) are quite rare among extant humans. O-M117(xM133) has been observed in 2.2% (1/46) of the CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project.[1] In commercial testing, O-MF1380 or O-CTS4960, which belongs to O-M117(xM133), has been found in one individual who has reported an origin in Guangdong, one individual who has reported an origin in Jiangsu, one individual who has reported an origin in Chongqing, one individual who has reported an origin in Indonesia, and one individual who has reported an origin in Japan.[1] O-M117(xM133) also has been found in 1.5% (2/133) of a sample collected in Daejeon, South Korea and in 1.0% (6/573) of a sample collected in Seoul, South Korea.[4]
The most recent common ancestor of all extant members of the O-M133 subclade, which predominates among extant members of O-M117, is estimated to have lived in a significantly less ancient era: 7,000 [95% CI 6,300 <-> 7,600] ybp according to YFull,[1] 7,455 [95% CI 6,514 <-> 8,500] years ago according to Karmin et al. 2015,[2] or 7,500 or 6,400 years ago (depending on which estimate of the mutation rate is used) according to Poznik et al. 2016.[5]
Distribution
China
Haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 has been found often in samples of Han Chinese from various parts of China: 10/34 = 29.4% O-M133 Hakka in Taiwan,[6] 57/258 = 22.1% O-M133 miscellaneous Han volunteers in Taiwan,[6] 4/19 = 21.1% Fujian (CHS),[1] 12/60 = 20.0% O-M133 Minnan in Taiwan,[6] 29/167 = 17.4% East China,[7] 21/129 = 16.3% North China,[7] 7/46 = 15.2% Beijing (CHB),[5] 5/34 = 14.7% Chengdu,[8] 5/35 = 14.3% Harbin,[8] 9/65 = 13.8% South China,[7] 7/55 = 12.7% O-M133 Fujian,[6] 4/35 = 11.4% Meixian,[8] 3/30 = 10.0% Lanzhou,[8] 2/32 = 6.3% Yili,[8] 1/37 = 2.7% Hunan (CHS).[1]
Members of haplogroup O-M117 also have been found among various ethnic minorities in China, such as Tibetans (13/35 = 37.1%,[8] 45/156 = 28.8%[9]), Dai (13/52 = 25.0% CDX, or Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna),[1] She people (6/34 = 17.6%[8]), Koreans (4/25 = 16.0% Koreans in the PRC[8]), Hezhe (7/45 = 15.6%[8]), Evenks (4/26 = 15.4%[8]), Manchu (5/35 = 14.3%[8]), Yao in Liannan, Guangdong (5/35 = 14.3%[8]), Mongols (5/45 = 11.1% Inner Mongolian[8]), Qiang (3/33 = 9.1%[8]), Daurs (3/39 = 7.7% Daur[8]), Hani (2/34 = 5.9%[8]), Xibe (2/41 = 4.9%[8]), Uyghurs (3/70 = 4.3%[8]), Oroqen (1/31 = 3.2%[8]), Buyi (1/35 = 2.9%[8]), and Hui (1/35 = 2.9%[8]).
India
In a study of the DNA of Adivasi populations in the state of Meghalaya, Reddy et al. (2007) found O-M133 in 19.7% (14/71) Garo, 13.6% (6/44) Pnar, 11.1% (2/18) Nongtrai, 8.3% (5/60) Lyngngam, 6.9% (2/29) War-Khasi, 6.3% (4/64) Maram, 5.3% (1/19) War-Jaintia, 2.3% (2/87) Khynriam, and 0% (0/32) Bhoi. The Garo natively speak the Garo language, whereas all the other studied populations natively speak Khasic languages.[10]
In another study that included populations in Meghalaya, Kumar et al. (2007) found O-M133 in 9.8% (9/92) Khasi and 9.1% (3/33) Garo.[11]
A study of populations of northern West Bengal and Sikkim published in 2011 found O-M117 in 57.7% (15/26) Rabha, 47.4% (9/19) Mech, 43.1% (22/51) Rajbanshi, 41.7% (15/36) Dhimal, and 7.4% (4/54) Bengali from the northern panhandle of West Bengal and in 9.1% (1/11) of a sample of Lachungpa from Sikkim. O-M117 was not found in this study's samples of Kol (0/62), Santhal (0/51), Kharia (0/34), or Oraon (0/31) from the northern panhandle of West Bengal.[12]
Japan
A study published in the year 2000 found O-M117 in 4.3% (1/23) of a sample representing Japan.[13] In a study published by Chinese researchers in the year 2006, O-M117 was found with high frequency (8/47 = 17.0%) in a sample of Japanese of undescribed geographical origin (Xue et al. 2006). However, in a study published by Japanese researchers in the year 2007, the same haplogroup was found with much lower frequency (11/263 = 4.2%) in a larger sample of Japanese from various regions of Japan (Nonaka et al. 2007). O-M117 has been found in 8.8% (5/57) of the JPT (Japanese in Tokyo, Japan) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project.[5][14]
Korea
Between 11% and 15% of males in samples collected in South Korea have been found to belong to haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 (20/133 = 15.0% Koreans in Daejeon,[4] 70/573 = 12.2% Koreans in Seoul,[4] 5/43 = 11.6% Koreans in South Korea,[8] 33/300 = 11.0% O-M133 Koreans[15]).
Mongolia
Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in about 5% of samples of Mongols in Mongolia: 4/20 = 20.0% NE Mongolia,[16] 1/18 = 5.6% central Mongolia,[16] 3/65 = 4.6% Outer Mongolian,[8] 1/23 = 4.3% SE Mongolia,[16] 3/97 = 3.1% NW Mongolia.[16]
Nepal
Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in 84.4% (38/45) of a sample of Tamang, 21.2% (14/66) of a sample of Newar, and 16.9% (13/77) of a sample of the general population of Kathmandu.[9]
Laos
In a study published in 2011, haplogroup O-M117 has been found in 7.8% (4/51) of a sample of Hmong Daw in Laos and in 5.1% (37/728) of a set of ethnic minorities who speak various Austroasiatic languages: 32.1% (9/28) Bit, 16.2% (6/37) Kataang, 14.0% (7/50) Mal, 13.7% (7/51) Khmu, 6.9% (2/29) Xinhmul, 3.3% (1/30) Alak, 2.94% (1/34) Inh, 2.86% (1/35) Talieng, 2.0% (1/50) Laven, 2.0% (1/50) Oy, 2.0% (1/50) So, 0% (0/28) Bo, 0% (0/32) Brau, 0% (0/32) Jeh, 0% (0/35) Lamet, 0% (0/35) Ngeq, 0% (0/38) Aheu, 0% (0/39) Suy, and 0% (0/45) Katu.[17]
Kutanan et al. 2019 found O-F8/F42, which is currently considered to be phylogenetically equivalent to O-M133, in 25.0% (5/20) of a sample of Laotians from Luang Prabang and 5.0% (1/20) of a sample of Laotians from Vientiane.[18]
Thailand
In a study published in 2014, haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 13.3% (10/75) of a sample of the general population of Thailand and in 3.7% (1/27) of a sample of Akka in Thailand.[6]
Brunelli et al. (2017) have found O-M117 in 35.0% (7/20) of Shan, 22.4% (46/205) of Khon Mueang, 22.2% (4/18) of Mon, 20.0% (5/25) of Western Lawa, 17.6% (16/91) of Tai Lue, 16.7% (4/24) of Tai Khuen, 13.6% (9/66) of Tai Yuan, and 11.5% (3/26) of Tai Yong in Northern Thailand and in 31.6% (6/19) of Tai Yuan in Central Thailand.[19] However, in the same study, haplogroup O-M117 was not observed in a sample of 25 Eastern Lawa in Northern Thailand.[19]
Kutanan et al. (2019) have found O-F8/F42 (equivalent to O-M133) in 14.75% (131/888) of a pool of samples from Thailand, including 50.0% (9/18) Palaung in Northern Thailand, 38.9% (7/18) Shan in Northern Thailand, 33.3% (20/60) Khon Mueang in Northern Thailand, 31.0% (13/42) Karen in Northern Thailand, 28.6% (6/21) Nyahkur in Northeast Thailand, 23.5% (4/17) Kaleun, 17.1% (22/129) Thai (Siamese), 16.7% (5/30) Tai Lue in Northern Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) Nyaw in Northeast Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) Blang in Northern Thailand, 15.4% (4/26) Tai Yuan, 14.3% (15/105) Mon, 14.3% (5/35) Phuan, 11.8% (2/17) Soa, 11.8% (2/17) Tai Khün, 9.4% (3/32) Western Lawa, 8.3% (3/36) Black Tai, 6.5% (4/62) Lao Isan, and 5.6% (1/18) Khmu.[18]
Vietnam
Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 4/46 = 8.7% of the KHV (Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project.[5][1] Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 1/24 = 4.17% of a sample of people in Hanoi, Vietnam.[6] A study published in 2011 found haplogroup O-M117 in 1/15 = 6.67% Kinh and 1/12 = 8.33% Muong.[17]
Subclades
According to the ISOGG experiental tree, the subclades of O2ab1a1-M117 had shown as below (Owen Lu et al. 2016):
- O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
- O2a2b1a1a (M133)
- O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
- O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2 (F1754)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
- O2a2b1a1a1a3 (Z25907)
- O2a2b1a1a2 (FGC23469)
- O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1a (F1531)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
- O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
- O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
- O2a2b1a1a3 (CTS7634)
- O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
- O2a2b1a1a3a1 (F3039)
- O2a2b1a1a3b (CTS5488)
- O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
- O2a2b1a1a4 (Z25853)
- O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
- O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
- O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
- O2a2b1a1a5 (CTS10738/M1707)
- O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
- O2a2b1a1a5a1 (Z39663)
- O2a2b1a1a5b (A9457)
- O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
- O2a2b1a1a6 (CTS4658)
- O2a2b1a1a6a (CTS5308)
- O2a2b1a1a6b (Z25928)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1a (Z26030)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1b (Z26010)
- O2a2b1a1a6b2 (A9462)
- O2a2b1a1a6b3 (B456)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730)
- O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
- O2a2b1a1b (CTS4960)
- O2a2b1a1a (M133)
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.03.46 at 31 July 2018
- ^ a b Karmin, Monika; Saag, Lauri; Vicente, Mário; et al. (2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture". Genome Research. 25: 459–466. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114. PMC 4381518. PMID 25770088.
- ^ O'Rourke, Dennis; Cai, Xiaoyun; Qin, Zhendong; Wen, Bo; Xu, Shuhua; Wang, Yi; Lu, Yan; Wei, Lanhai; Wang, Chuanchao; Li, Shilin; Huang, Xingqiu; Jin, Li; Li, Hui (2011). "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3164178. PMID 21904623.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." International Journal of Legal Medicine July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9
- ^ a b c d Poznik, G. David; Xue, Yali; Mendez, Fernando L.; et al. (June 2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036.
- ^ a b c d e f Trejaut, Jean A; Poloni, Estella S; Yen, Ju-Chen; Lai, Ying-Hui; Loo, Jun-Hun; Lee, Chien-Liang; He, Chun-Lin; Lin, Marie. "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia". BMC Genetics. 2014 (15): 77.
- ^ a b c Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Shi-Lin Li, Li Jin, and The Genographic Consortium, "An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4." European Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 19, 1013–1015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64; published online 20 April 2011.
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