Banana paper: Difference between revisions
Replacing Banana_tree_paper.jpg with File:Banana_tree_paper.png (by CommonsDelinker because: file renamed on Commons). |
Gwenbanana (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
[[Image:Banana tree paper.png|thumb|300px|Banana plant paper.]] |
[[Image:Banana tree paper.png|thumb|300px|Banana plant paper.]] |
||
Banana paper is a type of [[paper]] created from banana plant bark or banana peel fibers. Banana paper has a lower density, higher stiffness, higher disposability, higher renewability, and higher tensile strength compared to traditional paper. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Subagyo, Chafidz|first=Asmanto, Achmad|title=Banana Pseudo-Stem Fiber: Preparation, Characterisitcs, and Applications.|publisher=|year=2018|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> These qualities are due to the cellular composition of banana fiber, which consists of [[cellulose]], [[hemicellulose]], and [[lignin]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Reddy, Yang|first=Narendra, Yiqi|title=Fibers from Banana Pseudo Stems|publisher=|year=2014|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> |
|||
'''Banana paper''' can refer to two different kinds of [[paper]]: |
|||
During the manufacturing process of banana paper, the fibers are grounded until they appear similar to saw dust. Then, the fiber is washed to remove natural resins to create agricultural fiber. If the natural resins are not washed away, these resins would take away from the integrity of the paper. The process of pulping produces [[Pulp (paper)|pulp]] to be used in the manufacturing of paper. This pulp is used to create post-consumer fiber (processed fiber). The post consumer fiber is combined with the agricultural fiber to make banana paper.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=Vikaspedia|title=Eco-Paper Production|url=https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/farm-based-enterprises/value-added-products/ecopaper-production-1|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> |
|||
*paper made from the [[Bark (botany)|bark]] of the [[banana]] plant, which is primarily used in art |
|||
*paper made from banana fiber obtained, through an industrial process, from stems and the non-utilizable fruits; this paper can be either hand or machine made. |
|||
== Development of Banana Fiber == |
|||
The [[banana industry|banana agricultural industry]] processes {{convert|42|e6t}} of bananas every year (with {{convert|20000|sqkm}} planted).{{where?|date=June 2011}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}} As a result of pulling apart the banana bunches from the main stem, there are leftover stems which contain 5% of fiber useful for the manufacture of paper.{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}} |
|||
The earliest evidence of the use of banana stems as a source of fiber dates back to 13th century Japan. However, its popularity declined with the upsurge of silk and cotton fibers imported from China and India.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Trade|first=Made|date=2019-08-19|title=Behind the Fiber: Transforming Banana Tree Waste Into Fabric|url=https://medium.com/@madetrade/behind-the-fiber-transforming-banana-tree-waste-into-fabric-a33eb343d298|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Medium|language=en}}</ref> |
|||
Banana paper was first patented in the United States of America on March 16, 1912 by Charles M. Taylor and Howard Kay Cook. They both learned that cellulose fiber can be easily removed from the waste of the banana plant, and that the fiber is well adapted to making durable paper. Taylor and Cook applied for the patent on March 16, 1912. The application was granted on May 2, 1916, and they received a lifetime patent. The patent is now expired.<ref>{{Cite patent|title=Process of manufacturing paper-pulp.|gdate=1912-03-16|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US1181553A/en}}</ref> |
|||
== Properties == |
|||
Raw banana paper has a coarse surface due to the presence of hemicellulose, lignin, and other waxy components in the fiber. Hemicellulose is located between and within the cellulose [[Fibril|fibrils]] and is incorporated into the cellulose structure. The fiber or pulp with high hemicellulose content has a high maximum tensile strength and a low maximum tear index. The cellulosic fibers enclose the outside of cellulose fibers, acting as natural binders. Long wrapped fiber bundles are a key component of banana paper. Length is also a significant fiber property, as longer fibers contain more fiber joints. These fiber joints contribute to a stronger network of fibers. Long fiber manufactured papers usually have better strength properties than short fiber manufactured papers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Othman|first=Siti|title=Health Physics Series-1|publisher=Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia|year=2019|isbn=|location=Malaysia|pages=}}</ref> |
|||
Banana fiber can vary in weight and thickness depending on the specific part of the banana stem used. Sturdy, thick fibers can be taken from the outer sheaths, and softer fibers can be extracted from the inner sheaths. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> |
|||
The properties of banana paper overall include a lower density, higher stiffness, higher disposability, higher renewability, and higher tensile strength compared to traditional paper. <ref name=":0" /> |
|||
== Manufacturing Process == |
|||
The paper can be handmade or produced by machinery. Both the handmade and machine processes have similar steps. First, banana stems are collected as they contain more than 4% fiber which can be used to manufacture banana paper. The fiber from the banana is removed and washed in order to eliminate natural [[Resin|resins]] that can decrease the strength and durability of the paper. The washed fibers are used to form a stronger fiber (agricultural fiber). Then, the process of pulping makes pulp used in the production of paper. This pulp is used to produce the post-consumer fiber and is mixed with the agricultural fiber. Lastly, the mixed fibers are either molded together by a [[deckle]] (a tool used for handmade processes of molding fibers) or a machine. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Banana Paper Making|url=https://www.techxlab.org/solutions/storm-the-castle-paper-making-banana#:~:text=Once%20plant%20fibers%20are%20removed,create%20the%20final%20paper%20products.|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.techxlab.org}}</ref> |
|||
== Environmental Impact == |
|||
After bananas are harvested from plantations, the stems and trunks are usually discarded. However, these parts contain available sources of fibers. If the scrapped stems and trunks are utilized, this can lead to a decrease in synthetic fiber production. Synthetic fiber production requires extra energy, fertilizer, and chemicals. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Pitimaneeyakul|first=Uraiwan|title=Banana Fiber: Environmental Friendly Fabric|publisher=King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang|year=|isbn=|location=Thailand|pages=}}</ref> Banana paper does not require any chemicals to be used during manufacturing. Banana paper is also more durable and has a longer lifetime than conventional paper. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-10|title=Global Banana Paper Market by Distribution Channel & Geography - Forecast to 2023 - ResearchAndMarkets.com|url=https://apnews.com/press-release/Business%20Wire/06f757ecc2774618afb2b4ef141348c3|access-date=2020-11-19|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> Therefore, the manufacturing of banana paper does not add to environmental pollution. Banana paper reduces pollution by having lower disposal costs and less agricultural waste enter landfills and rivers. The production of banana paper uses less energy compared to traditional paper production as the traditional paper industry is one of the largest sources of energy consumption. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://www.ecopaper.com/about-ecopaper|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.ecopaper.com}}</ref> Therefore, banana paper is less impactful on natural resources, such as forests. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Laurijssen|first=Jobien|last2=Faaij|first2=André|last3=Worrell|first3=Ernst|date=2013-02-01|title=Benchmarking energy use in the paper industry: a benchmarking study on process unit level|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-012-9163-9|journal=Energy Efficiency|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=49–63|doi=10.1007/s12053-012-9163-9|issn=1570-6478}}</ref> |
|||
== Future of Industry == |
|||
The global market size of banana paper is projected to reach 117.97 million by 2023, according to Technavio, a global market research firm. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Banana Paper Market by Distribution Channel and Geography - Global Forecast and Analysis 2019-2023|url=https://www.technavio.com/report/banana-paper-market-industry-analysis|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Technavio|language=en}}</ref> The banana paper market is expanding because of a growing number of uses for banana paper such as paper pens, business cards, greeting cards, notebooks, and other stationery items. The market is specifically expanding in Europe, North America, South America, and APAC (Asia-Pacific). The market is specifically expanding in Europe, North America, South America, and APAC (Asia-Pacific). The expanding banana paper market is further supported by its low production cost. Factors contributing to the low production cost include relatively inexpensive banana fiber extraction machinery and ease of operation of these machines by unskilled workers. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-30|title=Global Banana Paper Market 2019-2023 {{!}} Increasing Applications of Banana Paper to Boost Growth {{!}} Technavio|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190830005221/en/Global-Banana-Paper-Market-2019-2023-Increasing-Applications-of-Banana-Paper-to-Boost-Growth-Technavio|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref> |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
Revision as of 08:54, 19 November 2020
 | An editor has performed a search and found that sufficient sources exist to establish the subject's notability. (September 2019) |
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (June 2011) |
Banana paper is a type of paper created from banana plant bark or banana peel fibers. Banana paper has a lower density, higher stiffness, higher disposability, higher renewability, and higher tensile strength compared to traditional paper. [1] These qualities are due to the cellular composition of banana fiber, which consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. [2]
During the manufacturing process of banana paper, the fibers are grounded until they appear similar to saw dust. Then, the fiber is washed to remove natural resins to create agricultural fiber. If the natural resins are not washed away, these resins would take away from the integrity of the paper. The process of pulping produces pulp to be used in the manufacturing of paper. This pulp is used to create post-consumer fiber (processed fiber). The post consumer fiber is combined with the agricultural fiber to make banana paper.[3]
Development of Banana Fiber
The earliest evidence of the use of banana stems as a source of fiber dates back to 13th century Japan. However, its popularity declined with the upsurge of silk and cotton fibers imported from China and India.[4]
Banana paper was first patented in the United States of America on March 16, 1912 by Charles M. Taylor and Howard Kay Cook. They both learned that cellulose fiber can be easily removed from the waste of the banana plant, and that the fiber is well adapted to making durable paper. Taylor and Cook applied for the patent on March 16, 1912. The application was granted on May 2, 1916, and they received a lifetime patent. The patent is now expired.[5]
Properties
Raw banana paper has a coarse surface due to the presence of hemicellulose, lignin, and other waxy components in the fiber. Hemicellulose is located between and within the cellulose fibrils and is incorporated into the cellulose structure. The fiber or pulp with high hemicellulose content has a high maximum tensile strength and a low maximum tear index. The cellulosic fibers enclose the outside of cellulose fibers, acting as natural binders. Long wrapped fiber bundles are a key component of banana paper. Length is also a significant fiber property, as longer fibers contain more fiber joints. These fiber joints contribute to a stronger network of fibers. Long fiber manufactured papers usually have better strength properties than short fiber manufactured papers.[6]
Banana fiber can vary in weight and thickness depending on the specific part of the banana stem used. Sturdy, thick fibers can be taken from the outer sheaths, and softer fibers can be extracted from the inner sheaths. [2][4]
The properties of banana paper overall include a lower density, higher stiffness, higher disposability, higher renewability, and higher tensile strength compared to traditional paper. [1]
Manufacturing Process
The paper can be handmade or produced by machinery. Both the handmade and machine processes have similar steps. First, banana stems are collected as they contain more than 4% fiber which can be used to manufacture banana paper. The fiber from the banana is removed and washed in order to eliminate natural resins that can decrease the strength and durability of the paper. The washed fibers are used to form a stronger fiber (agricultural fiber). Then, the process of pulping makes pulp used in the production of paper. This pulp is used to produce the post-consumer fiber and is mixed with the agricultural fiber. Lastly, the mixed fibers are either molded together by a deckle (a tool used for handmade processes of molding fibers) or a machine. [3] [7]
Environmental Impact
After bananas are harvested from plantations, the stems and trunks are usually discarded. However, these parts contain available sources of fibers. If the scrapped stems and trunks are utilized, this can lead to a decrease in synthetic fiber production. Synthetic fiber production requires extra energy, fertilizer, and chemicals. [8] Banana paper does not require any chemicals to be used during manufacturing. Banana paper is also more durable and has a longer lifetime than conventional paper. [9] Therefore, the manufacturing of banana paper does not add to environmental pollution. Banana paper reduces pollution by having lower disposal costs and less agricultural waste enter landfills and rivers. The production of banana paper uses less energy compared to traditional paper production as the traditional paper industry is one of the largest sources of energy consumption. [10] Therefore, banana paper is less impactful on natural resources, such as forests. [11]
Future of Industry
The global market size of banana paper is projected to reach 117.97 million by 2023, according to Technavio, a global market research firm. [12] The banana paper market is expanding because of a growing number of uses for banana paper such as paper pens, business cards, greeting cards, notebooks, and other stationery items. The market is specifically expanding in Europe, North America, South America, and APAC (Asia-Pacific). The market is specifically expanding in Europe, North America, South America, and APAC (Asia-Pacific). The expanding banana paper market is further supported by its low production cost. Factors contributing to the low production cost include relatively inexpensive banana fiber extraction machinery and ease of operation of these machines by unskilled workers. [13]
External links
| History |
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Types |
| ||||||
| Materials | |||||||
| Specifications | |||||||
| Manufacture and process | |||||||
| Industry | |||||||
| Uses | |||||||
 | This material-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- ^ a b Subagyo, Chafidz, Asmanto, Achmad (2018). Banana Pseudo-Stem Fiber: Preparation, Characterisitcs, and Applications.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Reddy, Yang, Narendra, Yiqi (2014). Fibers from Banana Pseudo Stems.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Eco-Paper Production". Vikaspedia.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Trade, Made (2019-08-19). "Behind the Fiber: Transforming Banana Tree Waste Into Fabric". Medium. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ [1], "Process of manufacturing paper-pulp.", issued 1912-03-16
- ^ Othman, Siti (2019). Health Physics Series-1. Malaysia: Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.
- ^ "Banana Paper Making". www.techxlab.org. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ Pitimaneeyakul, Uraiwan. Banana Fiber: Environmental Friendly Fabric. Thailand: King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang.
- ^ "Global Banana Paper Market by Distribution Channel & Geography - Forecast to 2023 - ResearchAndMarkets.com". AP NEWS. 2019-09-10. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ "About Us". www.ecopaper.com. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ Laurijssen, Jobien; Faaij, André; Worrell, Ernst (2013-02-01). "Benchmarking energy use in the paper industry: a benchmarking study on process unit level". Energy Efficiency. 6 (1): 49–63. doi:10.1007/s12053-012-9163-9. ISSN 1570-6478.
- ^ "Banana Paper Market by Distribution Channel and Geography - Global Forecast and Analysis 2019-2023". Technavio. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ "Global Banana Paper Market 2019-2023 | Increasing Applications of Banana Paper to Boost Growth | Technavio". www.businesswire.com. 2019-08-30. Retrieved 2020-11-19.