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2014 Ludian earthquake

Coordinates: 27°14′42″N 103°25′37″E / 27.245°N 103.427°E / 27.245; 103.427
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2014 Ludian earthquake.
The town of Zhoujiaping after the earthquake.
2014 Ludian earthquake is located in Yunnan
2014 Ludian earthquake
Kunming
Kunming
2014 Ludian earthquake (Yunnan)
Location of epicenter in Yunnan
UTC time2014-08-03 08:30:13
ISC event605131010
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date3 August 2014
Local time16:03:13 CST (UTC+8)
Magnitude6.5 ML[1][2][3][4][5]
6.1 Mw[6]
Depth10.0 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter27°14′42″N 103°25′37″E / 27.245°N 103.427°E / 27.245; 103.427
Areas affectedYunnan, China
Total damage$6 billion[7]
Max. intensityMMI IX (Violent)[8]
Casualties617 dead

(As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9] [10][11][12][13]
3,143 injured
(As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [7][9]
112 missing
(As of 8 August 7:00 UTC)

[9][14]

The 2014 Ludian earthquake struck Ludian County, Yunnan, China, with a moment magnitude of 6.1 on 3 August.[15] The earthquake killed at least 617 people, injuring at least 2,400 others.[16][17] As of 5 August 2014, 112 people remain missing.[18] Over 12,000 houses collapsed and 30,000 were damaged.[19] According to the United States Geological Survey, the earthquake occurred 29 km (18 mi) WSW of Zhaotong city at 16:03 local time (08:03 UTC).[20][21][22]

Tectonic setting

Satellite image of the immediate area affected by the Ludian earthquake. Size of red circles represent number of deceased per county.

The Ludian earthquake occurred at 16:03, Beijing time (08:03 UTC), on 3 August 2014. American geological surveys indicated that the epicenter was 29 km (18 mi) WSW of Zhaotong city at a depth of 10.0 km (6.2 mi),[23] in the quake-prone province of Yunnan in southwestern China, about 18 km (11 mi) from Zhaotong. It was especially felt in the province of Yunnan, and less in the provinces of Guizhou and Sichuan.[24]

ShakeMap of the earthquake from the United States Geological Survey.

The magnitude of the earthquake was 6.1 on the moment magnitude scale,[15] with an intensity of up to VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The quake was the result of a strike-slip fault, whose fault plane has a southwest-northeast strike.[25]

Seismicity in this region of southeast Asia is the direct result of the orogenic activity of the Himalayan mountain belt. Due to the complex interaction between the Eurasian Plate and Indo-Australian Plate from Afghanistan in the west to Burma and China in the east, many shallow sub-surface faults are present in both southwest China and neighbouring Myanmar.

Recent earthquakes

This particular part of Yunnan Province was struck by the Mw 6.3 Burma earthquake in 2003.[26] Similar events have occurred in recent years due to strike-slip faulting in the nearby vicinity, such as the Mw 7.7 1988 Lancang earthquake, the 2006 Yunnan earthquake of magnitude 5.0, which killed 19 people,[27] the largest of recent times, the Mw 7.9 2008 Sichuan earthquake, which killed over 69,000 people, the Mw 6.9 2011 Shan earthquake,[28] and more recently, the 2012 Yunnan earthquakes, which was the result of reverse faulting and not strike-slip faulting like the Ludian earthquake,[29] killing 81 people and injuring 821 others.[30]

Damage and casualties

Longtoushan Town(龙头山镇) after the earthquake.
Casualties Ludian Qiaojia Zhaoyang Huize Total
Deaths 526 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12] 78 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12] 1 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12] 12 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12] 617 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12]
Injured 1,713 (As of 5 August 6:30 UTC) [16][17] 290 (As of 5 August 6:30 UTC) [16][17] ? 370 (As of 5 August 6:30 UTC) [16][17] 3,143
(As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12]
Missing 109 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12] 3 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12] 0 0 112 (As of 8 August 7:00 UTC) [9][11][12]

The earthquake caused significant damage in the immediate vicinity of the epicenter, principally in the city of Zhaotong, where power outages and significant structural damage were reported.[31] Chinese authorities announced that the quake left at least 391 dead, and over 1,801 injured.[32][33]

According to the South China Morning Post, the tremor was felt in nearby towns, including the capital of Yunnan, Kunming, also in Chongqing, Leshan and Chengdu in the neighboring province of Sichuan.[34] Road access to Longquan Village (龙泉村) of Longtoushan Town (龙头山镇), Ludian County, was blocked, where buildings collapsed.[35] In Ludian, it was reported that around 12,000 homes had collapsed, many of them being aged brick structures.[36]

Aftershock

Aftershock: 3 August 6:00 a.m. until 9 UTC in times or more (more than nine times more than M 3.0) up by China Seismic Bureau). The largest aftershock earthquake M 4.2.[37]

Number Date (° N) (°E) Focal depth (km) Magnitude Location Earthquake time (BJT)
1[37] 2014-8-3 27.1 103.3 12 6.5 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 16:03:10
2[37] 2014-8-3 27.1 103.4 5 3.3 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 16:45:18
3[37] 2014-8-3 27.1 103.4 5 3.1 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 18:12:41
4[37] 2014-8-3 27.1 103.4 9 3.1 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 18:34:00
5[37] 2014-8-3 27.1 103.4 5 4 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 19:07:20
6[37] 2014-8-3 27 103.4 8 3.1 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 19:46:31
7[37] 2014-8-3 27.1 103.4 5 4.1 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 21:47:07
8[37] 2014-8-3 27.1 103.3 11 4.1 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 22:28:29
9[37] 2014-8-4 27.1 103.4 5 4.2 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 3:30:31
10[37] 2014-8-4 27.1 103.4 5 3.1 Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province 7:06:10

Response and relief

Mourning held in Baogunao (包谷垴乡) for victims in Ludian earthquake on 8 August 2014.

The Chinese government sent a 30-man team to the epicentre region immediately after the earthquake struck, as well as 2,000 tents, 3,000 folding beds, 3,000 quilts, and 3,000 coats to provide shelter for the displaced and homeless.[31] The majority of the injured have been transported to safe areas.[32]

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, who flew to the epicenter on the morning of 4 August,[38][39] sent a joint working group to investigate and assist the locals in the rescue.[40]

Donation

As of 17:00 (UTC+8) on 15 August 2014, Yunnan Province received 536 million Yuan in donated money and 50 million Yuan in donated goods.[41]

Government and organizations

Name Donations (CNY)
Beijing Government 10,000,000[42]
Shanghai Government 10,000,000[43]
Li Ka Shing Foundation 30,000,000[44]
Zhangjiakou Bureau of Finance 1,000,000[45]
Shanxi Government 5,000,000[46]
Liaoning Government 5,000,000[47]
Shenzhen Government 5,000,000[48]
Yongshan Government 1,000,000[49]
Macao Red Cross 300,000[50]
Jiangxi Province Red Cross Society 100,000[51]
Communist Party of China
Yunnan Provincial Organization Department		 1,000,000[52]
USA San Francisco Chinese Community 307,895[53]

Company

Name Donations (CNY)
Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau 10,000,000[54]
Yunnan Tobacco Industry Limited Liability Company 10,000,000[55]
China National Petroleum Corporation 5,000,000[56]
Yunnan Province Rural Credit Cooperatives 5,000,000[57]
GE 3,000,000[58]
Wuliangye 4,000,000[59]
China Resources 5,000,000[60]
Dalian Wanda Group 10,000,000[61]
Tencent Foundation 5,000,000[62]
Baidu Foundation 5,000,000[63]
Xiaomi 1,000,000[64]
NetEase 3,000,000[65]
Qihoo 3,000,000[66]
JD.com 5,000,000[67]
Alibaba Group 5,000,000[68]
Thunder Networking Technologies 1,000,000[69]
Yili Group 5,000,000[70]
Haier 6,000,000[71]
Evergrande Real Estate Group 10,000,000[72]
Taiwan Compatriots Investment Enterprises Association 2,000,000[73]
Want Want 2,000,000[74]
Beijing City Association of enterprises with investment of Taiwan compatriots 1,000,000[75]
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 5,000,000[76]
China Construction Bank 5,000,000[77]
China Development Bank 5,000,000[78]
Apple Inc. 10,000,000[79]
China Pacific Insurance 5,000,000[80]
Nikon 3,000,000[81]
Samsung Group 30,000,000[82]
China Merchants Bank 5,000,000[83]
Bank of Communications 5,000,000[84]
GOME Electrical Appliances 5,000,000[85]
People's Insurance Company of China 10,000,000[86]
JDB Group 200 tents, Kata Boryocha and water[87]
Mengniu Dairy 2000 boxes of milk[88]

Personal

Name Donations (CNY)
Adili Maimaitito 500,000[89]
Han Hong 1,000,000[90]
Huang Xiaoming 100,000[90]
Zhang Guoli 500,000[90]
Jay Chou 500,000[90]
Mickey He 500,000[90]

See also

References

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Media related to Yunnan at Wikimedia Commons

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