Amrutham (TV series)

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Amrutham
GenreSitcom
Created byGunnam Gangaraju
Written byGunnam Gangaraju
Vasu Inturi
Directed byChandra Sekhar Yeleti (1–10)
Vasu Inturi
S. S. Kanchi
Hari Charan
Sandeep Gunnam
Gopi Kasireddy
Starring
Theme music composerKalyani Malik
Opening themeOrey Anjaneyulu
ComposerKalyani Malik
Country of originIndia
Original languageTelugu
No. of seasons1
No. of episodes313
Production
Executive producerUrmila Gunnam
ProducersGangaraju Gunnam
Venkat Dega
Production locationHyderabad
CinematographyK. K. Senthil Kumar (13 episodes)
EditorsSudhakar
Chandrashekhar G. V.
Camera setupMulti-camera
Running time21-26 minutes
Production companyJust Yellow Media
Original release
NetworkGemini TV
ReleaseNovember 18, 2001 (2001-11-18) –
November 18, 2007 (2007-11-18)
Related
Amrutham Chandamamalo

Amrutham (lit. 'Elixir') is an Indian Telugu-language television sitcom created and produced by Gunnam Gangaraju.[1][2] It originally aired on Gemini TV for six years from 18 November 2001 to 18 November 2007 in 313 episodes.[1][2][3] It is widely regarded as the greatest Telugu comedy TV series of all time.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Most of the episodes were written by Gunnam Gangaraju along with Vasu Inturi who also played the character of Sarvam.[10] Amrutham is especially noted for its clean, family-friendly humour and its satirical takes on everyday issues.[11][12] The topics of satire are diverse — soap operas, popular films, competitive exams, superstitions, game shows, contemporary politics, current affairs etc.[4][13]

The show centers on four characters: Amrutha Rao and Anjaneyulu (Gundu Hanumantha Rao), childhood friends and owners of the restaurant Amrutha Vilas in Hyderabad who come up with quirky and creative ideas to improve their restaurant business and get rich, but fail with hilarious consequences each time; Sarvam (Vasu Inturi), cook and server at Amrutha Vilas who is a migrant from Tamil Nadu; Appaji (Sivannarayana), the rapacious, exploitative landlord of Amrutha Vilas who subjects his tenants to unreasonable penalties.[14][15][4]

Initially, Sivaji Raja played the role of Amrutha Rao. After that, Naresh replaced him in some episodes before Harsha Vardhan took over and played the character in over 200 episodes out of the total 313 episodes.[16][2][17] The title song was composed and sung by Kalyani Malik with lyrics penned by Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry.[18][2] Director Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, cinematographer K. K. Senthil Kumar, production designer S. Ravinder, and music composer Kalyani Malik who would later become established film technicians, worked in Amrutham in the beginning phase of their career.[18][19]

Amrutham was originally broadcast every Sunday on prime time 8 PM slot on Gemini TV.[1] At the time of its inception in the early 2000s, Telugu television was mostly centered around melodramatic soap operas.[11][20][13] Amrutham is variously described as a "phenomenon", "sensation" for breaking the norms and became one of the most successful Telugu TV shows of all time.[6][8][9] The show was cancelled by the choice of the makers when it was at its peak due to a dearth of writers and new ideas.[10][17] After the end of its original run, Amrutham was re-telecasted multiple times on various TV channels and garnered good ratings each time.[9][21][13] Currently, ZEE5 owns the digital rights of the series.[1]

A spin-off film titled Amrutham Chandamamalo was released in 2014.[22] Its sequel, Amrutham Dhvitheeyam began streaming on ZEE5 from March 2020.[14]

Premise

The show revolves around two friends — Amrutha Rao "Amrutham" and Anjaneyulu "Anji" — who decide to start a restaurant named Amrutha Vilas, after Amrutham gets fired from his job as an assistant manager at Bow Bow Biscuits by his boss Ambhujanabham. Sarvam is the waiter at Amrutha Vilas and is a migrant from Tamil Nadu.[15][23]

Appaji, the landlord of the plot of Amrutha Vilas and the residences of Amrutham and Anji, is a miser who subjects his tenants to unreasonable penalties. He wears colourful shirts and an ancestral gold belt. Amrutham's wife Sanjeevani is a gullible and ambitious woman. Anji's wife Santha works in the accounts section of a Government corporation and also helps him in his business occasionally. The sitcom focuses on the hilarious consequences they face from the quirky money-making ideas of Anji.[14][15][23]

Cast and characters

Main

  • Ichapurapu Amrutha Rao "Amrutham" played by Sivaji Raja (episodes 1–55), Naresh (episodes 63–105), and Harsha Vardhan (episodes 110–313); proprietor of Amrutha Vilas restaurant which he started with his childhood friend Anjaneyulu. He is inquisitive, sceptical, and wary of Anji's money-making schemes. He used to work in Bow-Bow Biscuits before starting his own restaurant.[14][15]
  • Amudala Anjaneyulu "Anji" played by Gundu Hanumantha Rao; an expert chef, Amrutham's best friend, neighbour, and business-partner. He is a man full of ideas and often comes up with quirky plans to boost their business which fail with hilarious consequences each time.[14][15]
  • Sarveswaran "Sarvam" played by Vasu Inturi; all-in-one worker at Amrutha Vilas. He is the server, cook, cleaner, and delivery boy of the restaurant. He is a migrant from Tamil Nadu.[4]
  • Gongali Appaji played by Sivannarayana Naripeddi; an exploitative landlord who subjects his tenants to unreasonable fines and penalties. He regularly has all his meals at Amrutha Vilas, set up on his property. He has an atrocious dress sense and wears colourful shirts with an ancestral gold belt. He is the show’s antagonist.[14][15]
  • Sanjeevani "Sanju" played by Jhansi, Uma Mahanthi, Supraja and Anita Chowdary;[17] Amrutham's wife. She is a gullible and ambitious woman which makes her vulnerable to Anji's over-the-top ideas and prod her husband into adopting them.[15]
  • Santha played by Ragini; Anji's wife. She works in the accounts section of a Government corporation. She has her feet planted on the ground. She keeps throwing cold water on Anji and Amrutham's money-making schemes.[15]

Recurring

  • Rubber Balaji played by Raghava; Amrutham's cousin and a filmmaker known for the soap opera 'Veyi Pudakalu' and other TV shows.
  • Ambhujanabham played by S. S. Kanchi; Amrutha Rao's boss and the manager of Bow-Bow Biscuits who was a main character in the earlier episodes. He frequently scolds Amrutham for his incompetence.
  • Padmini "Paddu" played by Swathi; Amrutham's sister-in-law and Sanju's sister. She lives in her sister's house while finishing her graduation.[4]
  • Parandamayya played by Devadas Kanakala;[17] Amrutham's father-in-law. He is the father of Sanju and Paddu.[15]
  • Jenny in various characters. He has portrayed characters like an astrologer, an MLA, Amrutham's uncle Bhimavaram Bullabbayi, and others.
  • Srinivasa Reddy in various characters.
  • Narsing Yadav as Ganesh Chaturthi chanda-taking (transl. donation) goon and police officer (episode 80–81).[17]
  • Rallapalli as a doctor.
  • Melkote played by Shankar Melkote; a student learning Telugu language.
  • Rama Rajamouli in various characters. She played a newsreader in one episode, a homemaker in another one.[19]

Production

Conception

Gunnam Gangaraju, along with his friend Venkat Dega, a doctor in Canterbury, UK, founded the company 'Just Yellow' which started off as an IT services firm and later ventured into TV and film production. Their first project under the 'Just Yellow' banner was Amrutham. Gangaraju was the creator of the show as well as the producer.[24][25] There were reports that veteran film producers like D. Ramanaidu and K. S. Rama Rao cautioned Gangaraju against producing a TV show as it might not be financially viable.[17] After filming seven episodes, they pitched the show to various TV channels and finally got a slot on Gemini TV.[26]

Cast

It was originally launched with Sivaji Raja as Amrutha Rao "Amrutham", Gundu Hanumantha Rao as Anjaneyulu "Anji", Sivannarayana as Appaji, Vasu Inturi as Sarvam in the lead roles. Besides Sivaji Raja, Naresh also played the character Amrutha Rao for a few episodes before Harsha Vardhan took over and played the character in over 200 episodes out of the total 313 episodes. Ragini played Santha (Anjaneyulu's wife), while Jhansi, Uma Mahanthi, Anita Chowdary, and Supraja played Sanjeevani aka "Sanju" (Amrutham’s wife) at various points.[19][17]

Sivaji Raja who initially played the lead character Amrutha Rao, had a major falling out with the makers. Gangaraju called Sivaji Raja "a sick and greedy man".[25] He accused Sivaji Raja of throwing tantrums and unprofessionalism. Sivaji Raja complained to the 'Association of Telugu TV Artistes' that he was not properly paid by the producers, after which the association banned other artistes from acting in Amrutham.[25] The serial managed without the characters Amrutha Rao and his wife for four months. The ban was lifted after a period of four months.[25] Later Naresh replaced Sivaji as Amrutha Rao. The makers did not face any problems with Naresh. But as the broadcaster Gemini TV hiked their tariff, the serial had budget cuts and Naresh was replaced by Harsha Vardhan.[25]

Gundu Hanumantha Rao who played 'Anji' had to reportedly leave nearly 30 film offers to continue working on Amrutham.[17] After Hanumantha Rao's death in 2018, noted comedian L. B. Sriram played the role of Anji in the sequel, Amrutham Dhvitheeyam.[5][13][11]

Costumer designer and stylist Rama Rajamouli, cousin of the show creator and producer Gunnam Gangaraju,[27] played various small roles in the initial episodes of the show. She played a newsreader in one episode, a homemaker in another one.[19]

Crew

Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, who is also Gangaraju's cousin, directed the first 10 episodes.[25] The serial had eleven debutant directors the most notable among them being Chandra Sekhar Yeleti.[10] Director Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, cinematographer K. K. Senthil Kumar,[17] production designer S. Ravinder, and music composer Kalyani Malik who would later become established film technicians worked in Amrutham in the beginning phase of their career.[18] Senthil worked as a cinematographer for 13 episodes.[28]

Writing

We had dearth of story writers for Amrutham. Most of the content is written by me and Vasu (Sarvam in Amrutham). At that time writers used to be paid ₹5,000 per episode. I gave a full page advertisement in Swathi weekly with a promise of paying ₹25,000 per episode for new writers. But we didn’t get any satisfactory response. I have burnt out as a writer for Amrutham serial and stopped it.

 — Gunnam Gangaraju on the reason for the cancellation of Amrutham.[10]

Gunnam Gangaraju, the creator and producer of the show, wrote most of the episodes along with Vasu Inturi who also played the role of Sarvam.[10] The show only had a few lead characters — Amrutham, Anji, Sarvam, and Appaji with the rest of the characters having occasional appearances, as the creator Gangaraju could not write a larger number of characters.[17]

Amrutham is especially noted for its clean, family-friendly humour and its satirical takes on everyday issues.[11][12] The topics of satire are pretty diverse — soap operas, popular films, competitive exams, superstitions, game shows, contemporary politics, current affairs etc.[4][13]

Gangaraju mentioned that there was a dearth of writers for the show. As he was burnt out as a writer, he advertised for new writers with a remuneration that is five times the industry standard at the time. As the response for new writers was not satisfactory and the original writers were exhausted of ideas, the show had to be cancelled even though it was at its peak in the weekly ratings.[10]

Music

The title track is composed and sung by Kalyani Malik.[18] The lyrics were penned by Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry. Neeshita Nyayapati of Times of India noted in 2017, "The title song, sung by Kalyani Malik, is still one of the most iconic title songs that Telugu television has ever created."[2]

Telugu (Original Sound Track)
No.TitleLyricsMusicSinger(s)Length
1."Title Track" (Orey Anjaneyulu)Sirivennela Seetharama SastryKalyani MalikKalyani Malik2:19
Total length:2:19

Episodes

Sources:[29][30]

Episode No. Title Directed by Written by Original air date
1 Go Gruha Pravesam - Amrutham and Anji inaugurate their new house. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
2 Hello My Dear Wrong Number - Anji gets a new phone Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
3 Bow Sagaram - This episode deals with Amrutham and his boss Ambujanabham when a group of tax collectors comes to investigate their office. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
4 "Inda...Govinda" - Anji discovers a new company that gives double the amount a person pays for exchange. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
5 Naruda Vanaruda - A wild man-ape is known to be roaming around the streets of Amrutham's house. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
6 Vaidhyo Narayano Hari - Amrutham gets a serious stomach ache. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
7 "Prakruthi-Vikruthi" - This episode introduces Ambaji, the brother of Appaji. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
8 "Caru Gudhina Kapuram" - Amrutham buys a second-hand car Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
9 "Muggu Gumma" - Anji takes part in a Muggu (Rangoli) competition. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
10 "Vasthu Sistu" - Amrutham and Anji contact a layout specialist. Chandra Sekhar Yeleti
11 "Intiki Lighter Intayane" - Amrutham does Housework.
12 "Muduru Manasulu" - A neighbor's daughter visits Amrutham's house.
13 "Kakastram" - Amrutham tries to convince his boss for a promotion
14 "TV TV Tivvadam" - Sanjeevini goes crazy after watching TV 24 hours a day.
15 "Kalyana Veena"
16 "Ugraveena"
17 "Kudi Edamaithey"
18 "Prakruthi Vaidya Lila"
19 "Rangu Bangam"
20 "April 1 Vidudala Aagipoyindi"
21 "Leakabishekam"
22 "Astahyagraham"
23 "Vrudda Ramayanam"
24 "Paropakari Papamanna"
25 "Nidaname Pramadamu"
26 "Peka Medalu"
27 "Auto Eto"
28 "Neti Kukkaley Repati Pourulu"
29 "Gudachari111111116" - Amrutham and Anji become detectives.
30 "Samara Cut"
31 "Mathi Poyina Chota Doorukuthundhi"
32 "Aam Set"
33 "Oka Debbaku Rendu Gorrelu"
34 "Amrutha Kalaash"
35 "Kadupe Noppi"
36 "Avesham Amrutam Amudam"
37 "Shokokadidi – Shockokadidi"
38 "Paluke Bangara Maye Le"
39 "Ammo Mummy"
40 "Koy Raja Koy"
41 "Sarver Sindhuram"
42 "Action 500 Cut 50,000"
43 "Ammayiki Sannajaji Mamaku Sampanghi"
44 "Chavithi Chandamama"
45 "Hotale Kada Swargasima"
46 "Dhina Dhina Asruvulu Noorella Asuvulu" Part 1- Amrutham and Anji's childhood friend Rubbar Balaji came up with new idea to make serial Veyyi Pudakalu. In that serial Santha and some other actors acted. Anji, Amrutham started to watch the serial. While they watching serial Paddu goes to village and came back for 2 weeks. They even didn't realize the time because the serial was too lag. They were shocked. And the episode continues....
47 "Dhina Dhina Asruvulu Noorella Asuvulu" Part 2 - The serial was too lag and they thought it was failure.So they decided to not involve in shares with Balaji. Next day morning Anji and Amrutham sees everything around was filled with floods. Rabbar Balaji came in helicopter, give them food and says his serial Veyyi Pudakalu became super hit and the floods are tears from the audience and Balaji got 2 crores profit. Episode ends with Amrutham loss like every time.
48 "Power Cup" - Amrutham has a bet with the Electricity board. Amrutham get the current bill around 56k, because meter gone wrong. Anji scolds the division manager. So division manager bet amrutham team to win so that they will change the meter, otherwise amrutham have to pay double the bill of current meter reading. Sivaji Raja
49 "Power Cup" Part 2 Spoof on Lagaan - Amrutham forms the team and taken training. They all became ill and exhausted. They learned electricity team has 3 ranji palyers. All prays to god to rain and cancel match. Next day morning rains all over the city except the ground. They started paying all are out except Amrutham and Emcet Rambabu for 17 of 22/9. And the episode continues.... Sivaji Raja
50 "Power Cup" Part 3 Amrutham and CO. finish the match. - All underestimated Rambabu, but he hit's well so the score ends with 99. Electricity team starts batting, all played well. In the end when 22 runs needed for 6 balls, anji bowled and made them win. Now amrutham have to pay 6 times of current reading because anji made bet during the match with division manager. When they all came to see meter reading the meter broken which is hit by last ball division manager. So it is zero reading and they no need to pay the bill, also electricity team need to repair the meter board. And they happy with no loss. Sivaji Raja
51 "Dupavali" - Anji and Co. manufacture Deepavali fireworks.- Amrutham and Anji came up with new idea to make crackers for Deepavali. They apply for license to sell them. Since it takes too much time, they started making crackers. Sanju sends a shirt to Amrutham which prints I love ISI. Amurtham goes to village. While going town Amrutham advertise his business about crackers unknowingly to real ISI agnets. They bought all the bombs from the anji. Police arrests anji and investigated. Real ISI team uses the bomb which brought from anji and they get caught. So finally police release anji. Amurtham came back to Hotel and learns the truth .And all cries together like every time with loss. S.S.Kanchi
52 "Amma! Anakondamma" Amrutham and Co. believe in Snake myths Hari Charan
53 "Amrutha Abhayam" Amrutham organizes a league to protect common people from thieves
54 "Kalisi Unte Kaladu Sukam / Dukkam" Part 1- Amrutham searches for a doll
55 "Kalisi Unte Kaladu Sukam / Dukkam" Part 2 - Amrutham buys the doll
56 "Adrustam Notlo Shani" Ambujanbham gets a chance to visit US
57 "TV lo Dukanam" Anji and Co. star in a TV ad
58 "Veera Boss" Ambujanabham tries to reform Amrutha Vilas
59 "Balle Titanic Lithe"
60 "Ayomaya Sabha"
61 "Jalabhoomi Edupovidatha" Ambujanabham tries to arrange a swimming pool.
62 "Piss Vasam"
63 "Vareva Emi Face" Amrutham returns.
64 "Hotel Kante Gudi Padilam" A bomb blast occurs
65 "Muhurta Balam" - AMrutham and Co reopen Amrutha Vilas
66 "Balentine" - Amrutham and Anji celebrate Valentine's Day.
67 "Panchatarem" Part 1 - Five dupes of famous actors star in Amrutha Vilas
68 "Panchatarem" Part 2 - The five actors move on.
69 "World Cup" - Amrutham and Anji follow cricket
70 "Cricket Ienamaha" Amrutham and Anji conduct poojas
71 "Amo March 23" Amrutham and Co. revisit earlier times
72 "Pachadiena Ugadi" - Amrutham and Anji attempt to celebrate Ugadi.
73 "Em Cet" - Amrutham and Ambujanabham prepare for an exam.
74 "Chetiki Panti Nopi"
75 "Akala Chakram" - Ambujanabham is ridiculed by teenagers.
76 "Cell To Cell" - Appaji sells cellphones
77 "Rasam Pindena Lorry" - Amrutham imports mangoes.
78 "Pappu Chesina Appu Card" Ambujanabham utilizes Credit Card.
79 "Ithe Avvakapothe" - Amrutham and Co. are up to secret business
80 "Ithe Avvakapothe" Part 2 Amrutham and Co. kidnap the wrong person.
81 "Botunu Munchina Anchor" - Amrutham stars in a TV show.
82 "China Tirege Dennam Pettu"
83 "Rajanela" - Anji buys a piece of land.
84 "Amrutha Ganga" - Amrutha Vilas suffers a drought.
85 "Sarvejana Likhino Bhavanthu"
86 " Chicken 65 03"
87 "Meesam Purusha Lakshanam" - Parandhamayya explains the value of a mustache
88 " va pette" - Anji is haunted.
89 "Nee Nune Momu Na Kanulara " Amrutham plays with his son.
90 "Lali Jo Lali No" - Amrutham visits his son
91 " Biddochina Vela Goddesthe" - Amrutham buys a cow and a calf.
92 " Arda Raatri Swatantryam Vachindi" - Amrutham and Co. celebrate Independence Day
93 " Baruvu Prathishta" - Amrutham tries to reduce weight.
94 " Money Pressure Mini Ganesh" - Anji attempts to celebrate Vinayaka Chavithi
95 "Anthuleni santhakam" - Amrutham buys a bike.
96 "Chore Delivery" - Thieves attempt to steal from Amrutha Vilas.
97 "Note Mata" Amrutham and Co start using Note Paper for everyday purposes.
98 "Chevula Puli" - Anji's grandfather visits Amrutha Vilas.
99 "Tolu Bommala Koluvu"
100 "100" - Amrutham and Anji film their life in Hyderabad.
101 "Ebandhulu" - Constant "strikes" disrupt Amrutha Vilas' business.
102 "Deepavali Album" Anji and Appaji try to film Deepavali events.
103 "TWO MEN ONE BRAIN" - Amrutham and Anji have a competition in sports
104 "TWO MEN ONE BRAIN" Part 2 - Continuation of Amrutham and Anji's competition.
105 "Pedda Balala Dinotsavam" - Children behave like elders and elders behave like children.
106 "Athidi vaddo Bhava" - Amrutham is burdened by guests
107 "Athidi vaddo Bhava" Part 2 They continue to bother him
108 ""CAT"Puli" - Anji becomes a CAT professor
109 "Malli Pelli Roju" - Anji forgets his marriage day
110 "Appaduguvadu Rogi" Amrutham & Anji request a bank loan
111 "Appaduguvadu Rogi" Part 2 Bank loan process
112 "Bad News" - Amrutham & Anji become news reporters
113 "Pandagaku Mama Vachadu" - Amrutham & Anji celebrate Sankranthi
114 "Break" - Amrutham and Anji star in an advertisement.
115 "Ranathanthra Dinothsavam" - Anji & Amrutham celebrate Republic day
116 "Idi Katha Kadu" - Amrutham and Anji create a story for a movie.
117 "Idi Katha Kadu" Part 2 - Amrutham and Anji tell their story to Appaji.
118 "Premikula Dinam" - Amrutha Vilas' celebrates Valentine's Day.
119 "Shividayam" - Amrutham fasts for Maha Sivaratri
120 "Kodi Dati Samvatsaram"
121 "Vasantha Kakilaa" - 2 Political Rival Parties lodge in Amrutha Vilas
122 "Total" - Amrutham and Anji start believing in Numerology.
123 "Total" Part 2 AMrutham and Anji face a lot of problems due to numerology.
124 "Samar Sung Cup" - Amrutham and Anji try to watch a cricket match without a cable connection.
125 "Sri Rama Panchami" - Amrutham and Anji celebrate Sri Rama Navami
126 "Shelavule Pareeksha" - A group of boys come for summer camp to Amrutha Vilas.
127 "Kshana Kshanam" - Amrutham and Anji become supporters of a politician.
128 " Servers Sundaram" - The summer camp boys revisit Amrutha Vilas.
129 " Servers Sundaram" Part 2 - Sarvam trains the summer camp boys.
130 "Jalagni" - Anji tries to bring water during a drought
131 "Pellikala Vachindi" Amrutham spoils his sister-in-law's marriage.
132 "Yaachaka Raachakam" - Beggars disrupt Amrutha Vilas' business
133 "Patashala via Cherasala" - Amrutham tries to get school admission for his son.
134 "Pan Parakasta" - Amrutham and Anji help build a Pan (Betel leaves) Shop beside their hotel.
135 "Pan Parakasta" Part 2 - The Pan shop owner beats Amrutha Vilas' business.
136 "Donga.CAM" - Amrutham finds a policeman's camera.
137 "Pushpam-Pathram" - Amrutham and Anji bring loss even by staying away from the hotel
138 "Baruvaina Pandem" - Amrutham has a bet with Appaji
139 "Maikam Kammindi" - Crazy incidents of Amrutham and Anji.
140 "Veggie Troubles"
141 "Veggie Troubles" Part 2
142 "Mundadugu Venakadugu" - The summer camp boys offer partnership in hotel business in Singapore.
143 "Bomma Bagundi" - Amrutham and Co. break an antique doll of a customer.
144 "Raktha Bandham" - Amrutham and Co. start a Drama serial with Rubber Balaji (cousin).
145 "Veera Raktha Bandham" - Continuation of the Daily Serial making.
146 "Maha Veera Raktha Bandham" - Telecast of Daily Serial.
147 "Pushkar Ghatu" - Amrutham and Anji organize water for Pushkar Bath
148 "Pracharam Hathya"
149 " Money Pressure Mini Ganesh" - Anji doesn't celebrate Vinayaka Chavithi
150 " Mama Bhalookama"- Amrutham mistakes his father-in-law for a Bear.
151 "Dongalunaru Jagratha" - Amrutham tries to secure Anji's money from gnawing thieves.
152 "Syeya....?" - Amrutham and Co. play a Rugby match with Appaji.
153 "KshouraSagara Madanam" - Amrutham becomes a temporary barber.
154 "Apajayadasami" - Appaji tries to get money by fooling Amrutham and Co.
155 "Aatla Thaddi" - Anji and Amrutham face a big loss due to Sarvam's foolishness.
156 "Erakka Poyi Vachanu" - Amrutham gets stuck inside a Supermarket
157 "Balala Dinotsavam" - Amrutham celebrates Children's day
158 "Helmet ki Boppi Kattindi" - Amrutham starts to sell Helmets Harsha Vardhan
159 "Puraskaram" -Amrutham and Anji get awarded
160 "Showkokadidi -Shakokadidi" - Parandhamayya and Appaji quarrel about Hotel Management
161 "Showkokadidi -Shakokadidi" Part 2 -Amrutham and Anji try to escape financial loss.
162 "A Pradesh" - Andhra and Telangana divide in this episode.
163 "CAKE – MASS" - Anji bakes a cake
164 "Nishabda Shubhakankshalu" - Anji does not celebrate New Year grandly
165 "Krishnarjuna Vijayam" - Appaji creates a division between Amrutham and Anji.
166 "Evaridi Varike"
167 "Anuchitha Power" - Amrutham and Co. have electricity problems.
168 "Gore Goddalithey" - Amrutham and Anji face a financial loss due to silliness
169 "Mouna Sangramam" - Amrutham stops talking in order to avoid scoldings from Parandhamayya.
170 "Mouna Sangramam" Part 2 - Amrutham continues to stop talking.
171 "Onte, Kothi – O Inti Owner" - Anji's distant brother arrives
172 "Onte, Kothi – O Inti Owner" Part 2 Appaji faces a loss due to Amrutham, Anji, and Anji's cousin
173 " 2 Varalu – 4 Raallu" - Amrutham and Anji celebrate Maha Shiva Ratri.
174 " Prema Pavuram" - Sarvam loves Appaji's daughter.
175 " Prema Pavuram" Part 2 - Sarvam continues to love Umadevi (Appaji's daughter).
176 " Prema Pavuram" Part 3 - Appaji disagrees with Umadevi's and Sarvam's marriage.
177 "O Sthree Repu Raa" A comic ghost situation
178 "Pellala Pandaga" - Amrutham tries to deceive his father-in-law
179 "Alludiki Valujada" - Amrutham spoils his father-in-law's business
180 "Snehame ra Na Pranam" - Anji and Santha befriend a married couple.
181 "Pillalu Etthukellevaru Challani vaaru" Part 1 Anji's son is kidnapped
182 "Pillalu Etthukellevaru Challani vaaru" Part 2 Kidnapping problems
183 "Pillalu Etthukellevaru Challani vaaru" Part 3 Continuation of Kidnapping problems
184 "Chiru Jeetham Prema Geetham" - Sarvam's salary is doubled.
185 "Agnatha Vasam" - Amrutham and Anji plan to go abroad
186 "Agnatha Vasam" Part 2 Amrutham and Anji visit the hotel in disguises
187 "Aadamani Nannadagavalena" - Spoof (jokes) on Chandramukhi.
188 "Anukokunda Oka Function" -Anji organizes an audio function
189 "Fine Art" - An artist presents his paintings in Amrutha Vilas
190 "A Tea Z" - Amrutham mistakes drugs for milk powder
191 "A Tea Z" Part 2 Customers get addicted to the drug Tea
192 "Chaya Chithram" - Sarvam becomes a police informer.
193 "Chaya Chithram" Part 2 - Sarvam helps police catch notorious robbers.
194 "Ashadam lo Shade Marindi" - Anji faces a big financial loss
195 " Suparichitudu" - Amrutham turns into SUPARICHITUDU due to Appaji's miserable taxes. A spoof about 'Aparichithudu'.
196 " Suparichitudu" Part 2 - Continuation of Spoof on Aparichutudu.
197 "Rogam Plus Rogam" - Amrutham and Anji get to know that they are suffering from lifestyle diseases (Diabetes and Blood -Pressure)
198 "Vratham ...Rathamarchuna ?" - Amrutham disrupts a Ceremony (Vratham)
199 "Sammeta Potu" - Anji hires Bullock Carts during a strike.
200 "Gunndrayi" - Anji creates a giant UNDRAYI.
201 " Anukokunda Oh 1 Va Thedi" - Appaji suffers from some sort of amnesia
202 "Municipal Mama Police ki Alludayyadu" - Amrutham and Anji try to improve Parandhamayya's political career.
203 "Phone Kottu – Sodi Pettu" - Amrutham becomes a music show anchor.
204 "Phone Kottu – Sodi Pettu " Part 2 -Continuation of Amrutham's anchoring.
205 "Owner Tenent=Tolet" - Amrutham and Appaji have a bet about the hotel's turnover.
206 "Pandem Kodi Bandam Veedi Poyindhi" - Amrutham does farming
207 "Sahakara votu Dipawali ki Avutu" Amrutham spoils his father-in-law's politics
208 "Pelli Pilupu Malupu" - Amrutham and Anji are invited to a wedding
209 "Illu Illu Ekkadunnav" -Amrutham searches for a new house
210 "Owner Power Paara Hushar"
211 "Ghajini" - Amrutham gets Short-term Amnesia. Spoof on Ghajini
212 "Ghajini" Part 2 - Appaji deceives Amrutham, manipulating him using his short-term memory loss.
213 "Ghajini" Part 3 - Appaji buys Amrutham's new rented house.
214 "Christmas Kanuka" - Amrutham's new house's previous owner sends them Christmas gifts.
215 "Happy Mooki Year" Amrutham and Anji celebrate New Year
216 "Happy Mooki Year" Part 2 Appaji comes to the New Year celebration.
217 "Pathi-Padathi" - Amrutham disguises himself as a lady
218 "Wrong Call" - Appaji gets stuck in a phone-tapping business
219 "Jenda Kinda Kapirajul" - Amrutham and Co. along with Rubber Balaji create a short film about Mahatma Gandhi.
220 "Jeetham x Jathakam = Jailu Jeevitham"
221 "KadalanThe Premikudu" - Sarvam becomes a Cycle mechanic.
222 "KadalanThe Premikudu" Part 2 - Sarvam loves a frequent cycle shop visitor.
223 "Nidraahara Diksha" - Amrutham fasts and stays awake on Maha Shiva Ratri
224 "VIP Kodi"
225 "Daache koddee Dongala Palu" - Amrutham and CO. hide money from petty thieves.
226 "Show Time Ayyipoindi" - Amrutham and Sanjeevini try to watch a movie in the theater.
227 "Shunaka Prema Septic Chesindi" - Amrutham and Sarvam pet a dog
229 "Telugu Raani Navami" - Anji and students perform a drama for Sri Rama Navami.
230 "Telugu Lessa" - Amrutham teaches students in Telugu classes.
231 "Telugu Noppi" - Telugu class students finish their course and conduct a Farewell party.
232 "Ice Idly Sease Dosha"- Sarvam tries to hide 10-day-old idly from a Health inspector.
233 "Bangaram Dukanam" - Amrutham becomes a Gold show anchor. Anji and Appaji become contestants.
234 "Bangaram Dukanam" Part 2 - Continuation of the show.
235 "Bangaram Dukanam" Part 3 - Anji wins Gold in Gold show
236 "Raa Banduvulu" - Amrutham's relatives stop by at Amrutha Vila 225
237 "Raa Banduvulu" Part 2 - Amrutham's relatives cause loss for Amrutham 226
238 "Raa Banduvulu" Part 3 Amrutham tries to get rid of his relatives 227
239 "Nanna" - Anji finds a little, lost girl
240 "Nanna" Part 2 continuation of 'nanna'
241 "Nanna" Part 3 The girl's real father arrives
242 "Lucky Stone" - A Lucky stone businessman starts business in Amrutha Vilas.
243 "Icchata Mootram poyaradu"
244 "Owner vs Major" - Sarvam's grandfather visits Amrtuha Vilas.
245 "Butler Brahmmachaari" - Anji and Appaji see matches for Sarvam.
246 "Butler Brahmachaari" Part 2 - Continuation of matches for Sarvam.
247 "Domakatu – Kodiki Chetu" - Amrutham gets sick because of a mosquito bite.
248 "Radio Bajji Vs Breaking News" - Amrutham and Anji start a radio station. Appaji starts a news channel.
249 "Radio Bajji Vs Breaking News" - Anji and Appaji's telecast lines intersect.
250 "Chavithi Chali Mantalu" - Anji creates an ice Vinayaka for Vinayaka Chavithi.
251 "Oka Pizza Katha" - Anji and Amrutham start a Pizza business.
252 "Oka Pizza Katha" Part 2 - Anji and Amrutham start Pizza door delivery.
253 "Oka Pizza Katha" Part 3 - Saevam becomes a door -delivery boy in Amrutha Vilas.
254 "Gaali Prayanam" - Anji and Santha go to Delhi in a bullock cart.
255 "Gaali Prayanam" Part 2 - Anji and Santha return from Delhi in a bullock cart.
256 "Remote Sampadana" - Sarvam participates in Saree and Gold quiz shows on behalf of Santha.
257 "Laden Masam" - Amrutham and Sarvam spot Osama Bin Laden
258 "Laden Masam" Part 2 - Appaji disguises as a Muslim and goes to enjoy Iftar dinners during Ramzan
259 "Hindi Waiter" - Hindi waiter is appointed
260 "5 = 50 = 0" - Appaji tries to celebrate his birthday with Amrutham's money.
261 "Gana Kokila" - Appaji craves Lata Mageshkar's song
262 "Nomu Pandendi" - Amrutham celebrates a Ladies' festival.
263 "Saree Exchange"
264 "Cheviti Donga"
265 "Clean Bold" - Amrutham and Anji introduce betting to their wives.
266 "Clean Bold" Part 2 - Results of betting.
267 "Savathsaram Marindhi" - Amrutham and Anji celebrate New Year with Liquor.
268 "Pichiki Akhari Anthasthu" - Sarvam and Umadevi meet after a long time.
269 "Sarukula Sandadi Saddumanigindi" - Amrutham buys large amounts of vegetables from a nearby shop.
270 "Vajrostavam" - Amrutham and Anji try to celebrate Telugu Cinema Vajrotsavam
271 "Beema Deeksha" - Sarvam goes on a fast for a scooter.
272 "Uchita Viharam" - Amrutham relatives take advantage of Amrutham and make them pay hotel bills.
273 "Uchita Viharam" Part 2 - Amrutham's relatives escape from the hotel, leaving a financial loss to Amrutham
274 "Divvi Divvi TV Tom" - Anji and Amrutham conduct a marriage
275 "Sulabha Sulochanalu" - Amrutham has a problem with his spectacles.
276 "Santhakam Cheyste pallu Vralu" - Sarvam learns how to sign.
277 "Ennikala Pariksha" - Amrutham competes for MLA seat.
278 "Ennikala Pariksha" - Part 2 Continuation of MLA seat competition.
279 "Ennikala Pariksha" Part 3 - The results of MLA seats.
280 "April Fool" - Amrutham and Appaji take part in an "April Fool" contest.
281 "Chakravaddi" - Appaji tries to put off a debt.
282 "Belt Bhagavatham" - It is revealed that Appaji's belt has sadistic powers.
283 "Ashoka Vanam" - Amrutham tries to escape every day tensions
284 "Pesarlu-Wardu" - Appaji gets sick by eating old stock of Pesarappapu.
285 "International Sarvam"- Sarvam dreams of going to Canada.
286 "Bootha Vilas" - A ghost haunts Amrutham and Sundaram.
287 "Bootha Vilas" Part 2 - A ghost haunts Sarvam and Anji
288 "Bootha Vilas" Part 3 - The same ghost haunts Anji and Appaji, and Amrutham finds out more about the ghost.
289 "Sarvam Sundaram" - Sarvam and Sundaram have a competition about who is the best.
290 "Andaru Sarvarle " - Amrutham and Anji disguise as Servers to supervise the hotel business.
291 "Operation Villas" - Sarvam tries to rescue Sundaram from his uncle's clutches
292 "Shooting Cheystam" - Sarvam and Sundaram visit film shooting (filming).
292 "Teta Teta Telugu la" - Amrutham and Co. start a Telugu teaching class.
293 "Brathuke Oka Serial" - Rubber Balaji and Amrutham and Anji create a serial.
294 "Brathuke Oka Serial" Part 2 - Serial filming continues.
295 "Brathuke Oka Serial" Part 3 - Serial telecast.
296 "Dongallo Donga" - Sarvam becomes a thief who steals from other thieves.
297 "Kitchen To Kamatham To Narakam" - Anji harvests vegetables.
298 "Appaharana" - Kidnaps of main characters take place.
299 "Eenaati EeBandham Enatido" - Anji tries to help Sarvam marry Umadevi.
300 "Pannu Bharam" - Amrutham and Co. attempt to avoid taxes.
301 "Pesara Power" - Appaji craves for Amrutha Vilas' Pesarattu.
302 "Baruvina Balahinatha" - Appaji tricks Amrutham in order to get free food.
303 "24 Gantala News" - Amrutham and Anji go crazy after watching news 24 hours a day
304 "Donga Yama" - Sarvam loses Appaji's family heirloom locket.
305 "Donga Yama" Part 2 - Sarvam worships Lord Yama in order to find the locket.
306 "Donga Yama" Part 3 - Sarvam finds the locket.
307 "Bamma Kalapam" - Appaji brings his old age aunt.
308 "Bamma Kalapam" Part 2 - Sarvam serves as a maid to Appaji's aunt.
309 "Dagudu Moothalu" - Appaji tries to get rid of Sarvam.
310 "Pracharam Mithya" - Anji, Sarvam, and Sundaram advertise for nearby shops.
311 "UN – Happy Days " - Anji recollects his college memories.
312 "UN – Happy Days" Part 2 - The continuation of Anji's memories.
313 "Tata Bye Bye Veedukolu" - This is the last episode of the serial. An unimaginable twist happens after they close the hotel.


Release

Broadcast

Amrutham originally aired on Gemini TV every Sunday on prime time 8:00 PM slot for exactly six years.[1][2][3] The first episode Go Gruha Pravesam aired on 18 November 2001 while the final episode Tata Bye Bye Veedkolu aired on 18 November 2007.[31][32] The serial had over 100 hours of content divided into 313 episodes.[10]

Syndication and streaming

Amrutham was re-telecasted multiple times on various TV channels and garnered good ratings each time.[9][21][13] After the end of its original run on Gemini TV, Zee Telugu acquired the telecast rights of the show and broadcast it as a daily serial beginning from 26 November 2007, only a week after the end of its original broadcast on Gemini TV. It ran from Monday to Thursday in the prime time 9:00 PM slot.[20] Later, it was broadcast on Maa TV in the weekend days at 7:00 PM. After that, its rights were again acquired by Gemini TV which telecasted it as a daily serial from Monday to Friday at 10:30 PM.[33] Later, it was broadcast on Maa Gold as a daily serial in the 10:00 PM slot. Then, ETV Plus broadcast it as a daily serial from Monday to Friday at 9:30 PM. As of July 2017, it was being telecast as a daily serial on ETV Plus from Monday to Saturday at 6:00 PM.[34]

All the episodes of Amrutham were uploaded on YouTube by the production house Just Yellow Media.[21] It was highly successful and garnered a total of 250 million views.[35] Later, ZEE5 acquired the digital rights of the series and Amrutham was removed from YouTube by Just Yellow Media.[1]

Reception and impact

Maybe there is a dearth of decent comedy in Telugu TV channels. The comedy dished out is neither comic at all nor clean. Somehow people tend to interlace sex in Telugu comedy. We won over half the audience by not having vulgarity. Parents are happy that kids are addicted to Amrutam. The screenplay for Amrutam episodes is one of the most intricate with lots of twists and punches packed in the duration of 20 minutes. The end bang is always unexpected. It is the 5th year running and Amrutam is still the number one.

 — Gunnam Gangaraju in 2006, explaining the reasons for the success of Amrutham.[36]

The show was an instant success.[25] It garnered high TRP ratings throughout its run of six years.[6][7][8] Gangaraju mentioned that Amrutham was cancelled by choice when it was at its peak as they were exhausted of ideas.[10] It is widely considered to be the greatest Telugu comedy TV series of all time.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

After the end of its original run, Idlebrain.com noted, "When soaps were mostly women-oriented, Amrutham came as a breath of fresh air with four male characters in the lead. Amrutha Vilas became a household name in Andhra Pradesh and all the characters Amrutha Rao, Anji, Appaji, and Sarvam became lovable characters and the viewers waited to watch them in every episode."[20]

In 2020, director S. S. Rajamouli wrote about the show, "19 years ago, when tear-jerking daily soaps were ruling the roost, it took guts and conviction of one man to come up with a comedy show breaking all norms. What a success story from its ever unsuccessful heroes Anji and Amrutha Rao. True to its name Amrutham made a mark in the hearts of Telugus across the globe."[37][13]

Awards and nominations

Awards and nominations received by Amrutham
Award Year Category Recipient Result Ref.
Nandi TV Awards 2005 Best Comedian Gundu Hanumantha Rao Won [38]
2006 Best Comedian Vasu Inturi Won [39]
2007 Second Best Mega Serial Gangaraju Gunnam

Sandeep Gunnam

Won [40]
Best Comedian Actress Ragini Won [40]

Future

Gangaraju has plans to novelize the show with each episode being a short story. He thinks an audiobook would be the most suitable format.[41]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Pecheti, Prakash (16 January 2020). "Amrutham back to tickle your bones". Telangana Today. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Popular Telugu sitcom 'Amrutham' gears up for a rerun". The Times of India. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d Nyayapati, Neeshita (18 November 2017). "A trip down memory lane on the anniversary of the hit TV series 'Amrutham'". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Varma, Sankeerthana (13 July 2019). "Remembering The Delightful 'Amrutham', The Telugu Comedy Show That Feels Like Home". Film Companion. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  5. ^ a b c K, Sekhar (24 February 2020). "మళ్లీ వస్తున్న 'అమృతం' సీరియల్.. అందరి చూపు కొత్త అంజివైపే". Samayam (in Telugu). Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d Kiran, Ravi (17 January 2020). "అంత 'అమృతం'గా ద్వితీయం ఉండేనా.?". TV9 (in Telugu). Retrieved 10 September 2022. అమృతం… కామెడీ సీరియల్‌గా మొదలైన దీని ప్రయాణం ఒక ప్రభంజనంలా ముగిసిందని చెప్పాలి.. టీఆర్పీ రేటింగ్స్‌లో దూసుకుపోతూ పిల్లల నుంచి పెద్దల వరకు ఇష్టపడే అత్యంత అద్భుతమైన సీరియల్‌గా గొప్ప పేరు తెచ్చుకుంది. బుల్లితెర ప్రేక్షకులకు ఈ సీరియల్ ఒక ఎమోషన్.
  7. ^ a b c "19 Years of Amrutham: 19 సంవత్సరాలుగా తెలుగు వారి గుండెల్లో అమృతం వర్షం". Zee News (in Telugu). 25 November 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2022. అమృతం.. తెలుగు టీవీ ప్రేక్షకులు ఎప్పటికీ గుర్తిండిపోయే సీరియల్. దాదాపు 19 సంవత్సరాలు తెలుగు ప్రేక్షకుల గుండెల్లో అమృతం వర్షం కురుస్తూనే ఉంది. తెలుగు ప్రేక్షకుల గుండెల్లో చెరగని ముద్ర వేసింది ఈ సీరియల్.
  8. ^ a b c d Rao, Samba Siva (10 January 2020). "అమృతం సిరియల్ అభిమానులకు గుడ్ న్యూస్". HMTV (in Telugu). Retrieved 10 September 2022. అమృతం తెలుగు టెలివిజన్ చరిత్రలోనే సంచలనం సృష్టించింది. వీరంతా పండించిన కామెడీ అభిమానులకు పొట్టచెక్కలైయ్యేలా నవ్వించింది. అమృతం సిరియల్ కి పోటీగా వచ్చిన సంబరాల రాంబాబు వంటి ఎక్కువ రోజులు నిలదొక్కుకోలేకపోయాయి. అయితే అప్పట్లో వచ్చిన ఈ సిరియల్ బుల్లితెర ప్రేక్షకుల మదిలో చెరగని ముద్ర వేసుకుంది. ఇప్పటికి ఆ పాత్ర దారులు ఏ సినిమాలో కనిపించిన వారిని అమృతం సిరియల్ లోని పాత్రల పేరుతోనే పిలుస్తారు.
  9. ^ a b c d Thanjavur, Kiran Kumar (13 March 2020). "రాజమౌళి చేతులు మీదుగా విడుదలైన 'అమృతం' ద్వితీయం ట్రైలర్." News18 (in Telugu). Retrieved 10 September 2022. అప్పట్లో అమృతం సీరియల్ ఓ సంచలనం.ఇప్పటికే ఎన్నో ఛానెల్స్‌ ఈ సీరియల్ ప్రసార హక్కులు కొని ప్రసారం చేస్తూనే ఉన్నాయి. ప్రసారం చేసినపుడల్ల ఈ సీరియల్‌కు భారీ టీఆర్పీ రేటింగ్స్ వస్తూనే ఉన్నాయి. మొత్తంగా చెప్పాలంటే తెలుగు టెలివిజన్ సీరియల్ చరిత్రలో 'అమృతం' ఓ క్లాసిక్‌లా నిలిచిపోయింది.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h "Interview with Gangaraju Gunnam about Amrutham Chandamamalo". Idlebrain.com. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d Sekhar (14 March 2020). "'అమృతం' అదరహో.. మళ్లీ నెంబర్ 1 అనిపించుకుంది." 10TV (in Telugu). Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020. సీరియళ్లంటేనే ఏడుపులు, పెడబొబ్బలు అనుకుని అలవాటు పడిపోయిన కాలంలో స్వచ్ఛమైన హాస్యంతో ఇంటిల్లిపాదినీ నిండుగా నవ్వించిన అమృతం ఇప్పుడు కొత్త హంగులతో రానుంది.
  12. ^ a b Kiran, Ravi (17 January 2020). "అంత 'అమృతం'గా ద్వితీయం ఉండేనా.?". TV9 (in Telugu). Retrieved 10 September 2022. డబుల్ మీనింగ్ డైలాగులు, సాగతీత, బోర్ అనేవి లేకుండా.. జంధ్యాల తరహా హాస్యంతో అమృతం అందరిని కడుపుబ్బా నవ్వించింది.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g "Rajamouli releases Amrutham Dhvithiyam trailer, gets nostalgic". The New Indian Express. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e f "Lockdown special episodes of 'Amrutham Dhvitheeyam'". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 25 May 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 23 July 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Amrutham". Just Yellow Media. 9 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  16. ^ Rachamalla, Suresh (24 February 2020). "త్వరలో రాబోతున్న అమృతం 2.0... అప్పటిలా అలరించగలదా." News18 (in Telugu). Retrieved 10 September 2022. అమృతం పాత్రలో శివాజీ రాజా కొన్నాళ్లు.. నరేష్ కొన్నాళ్లు.. ఆ తర్వాత హర్షవర్ధన్ చేశారు. అయితే ఎక్కువగా హర్షవర్దన్ అమృతం పాత్రలో నటించడంతో అమృతం అనగానే ఆయనే గుర్తుకు వస్తుంటారు. అందుకే తాజాగా వస్తోన్న అమృతం 2 కు కూడా అమృతరావు పాత్రలో హర్షవర్ధన్‌ను తీసుకున్నారు.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "20 years of Amrutham: From marking the debut of Baahubali fame cinematographer Senthil Kumar to Gundu Hanumantha Rao losing over 30 films, lesser-known facts about the timeless sitcom". The Times of India. 18 November 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
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External links

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