Binder (material)
A binder is a liquid added to a dry substance in order to draw it together in such a way that it maintains a uniform consistency.[1] For example, in the Classical World they used materials like egg, wax, honey, or bitumen as binders to mix with pigment in order to hold the pigment particles together in the formation of paint.[2] The use of egg in particular was very popular until the 1500s and referred to as egg tempera.[3] However, since that time, the binder of choice for paint has been oil.[4] Today in the artform of sculpture, organic binders are what is traditionally used. An organic binder is a glue made from an animal source or a gum made from a vegetative source. Glue is often made by the boiling of hoofs, bones, or skin of animals and then mixing the hard gelatinous residue with water. Gum-based binders are made from, alternatively, the boiling of plants.[5]
[edit] References
- ^ Arthur Williams (2005). The sculpture reference illustrated: contemporary techniques, terms, tools, materials, and sculpture. Sculpture Books. p. 40.
- ^ Janet Burnett Grossman (2003). Looking at Greek and Roman sculpture in stone: a guide to terms, styles, and techniques. Getty Publications. p. 18. http://books.google.ca/books?id=BbkrZuMc-hwC&pg=PA18&dq=sculpture+binder&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AVIYT8yYK7G70QHFtYnQCw&ved=0CHUQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=sculpture%20binder&f=false. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- ^ Collector's Guide. WingSpread. 1995. p. 109. http://books.google.ca/books?id=k9MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA105&dq=binder+bronze+sculpture&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gVUYT-T8J4rz0gG1puW8Cw&ved=0CFUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=binder&f=false. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- ^ Tim Bruckner, Zach Oat, and Ruben Procopio (2010). Pop Sculpture: How to Create Action Figures and Collectible Statues. Random House Digital. p. 37. http://books.google.ca/books?id=8KoX6Sow0UwC&pg=PA37&dq=binder+clay+sculpture&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1lYYT-mLE-Lh0QHhwqiqCw&ved=0CE0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=binder%20clay%20sculpture&f=false. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- ^ Oppi Untracht (1982). Jewelry concepts and technology. Random House Digital. p. 351. http://books.google.ca/books?id=_Jc4VBmK9l8C&pg=PA351&dq=organic+binder&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FVgYT7HRC-m80AGtoI2pCw&ved=0CFwQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=organic%20binder&f=false. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
