The Kiski School
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
| The Kiski School | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Address | |
 | |
1888 Brett Lane , Pennsylvania 15681-8951 United States | |
| Coordinates | 40°29′12″N 79°27′26″W / 40.4868°N 79.4571°W |
| Information | |
| Former name | Kiskiminetas Springs School |
| Type | Independent college-preparatory boarding & day high school |
| Motto | Latin: Dirige Nos Domine (Guide Us Lord) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Nonsectarian[1] |
| Established | 1888 |
| Founder | Andrew W. Wilson |
| Status | Currently operational[1] |
| CEEB code | 394365 |
| NCES School ID | 01197887[1] |
| Chair | John Jacob |
| Head of school | Christopher A. Brueningsen[2] |
| Faculty | 27.6 (on an FTE basis)[1] |
| Grades | 9–12, PG |
| Gender | Co-ed[1] |
| Age range | 14–18 |
| Enrollment | 191[1] (2021–2022) |
| • Grade 9 | 21[1] |
| • Grade 10 | 48[1] |
| • Grade 11 | 53[1] |
| • Grade 12 | 69[1] |
| Average class size | 10[3] |
| Student to teacher ratio | 6.9[1] |
| Language | English |
| Hours in school day | 8[1] |
| Campus size | 350 acres (140 ha) |
| Area | 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2) |
| Campus type | Distant rural[1] |
| Color(s) | Black and White |
| Slogan | Preparing young men to succeed in college and life |
| Song | Kiski Then Forever[4] |
| Fight song | Fight for Old Kiski[4] |
| Athletics | 12 varsity teams[5] |
| Athletics conference | PAISAA[6] |
| Nickname | Cougars |
| Accreditation | MSA |
| Publication | The Kiski School Bulletin[7] The Springs[8] |
| Newspaper | Kiski News Kiski Minutes The Kiskiminetan |
| Yearbook | Kiskiminetan |
| Endowment | $12.87 million[9] |
| Annual tuition | $54,900 (boarding)[10] $33,500 (day)[10] |
| Revenue | $12.62 million[9] |
| Graduates (2020) | 75[11] |
| Affiliations | NAIS,[1] PAIS, & TABS[1] |
| Website | kiski |
The Kiski School (formerly the Kiskiminetas Springs School and often known simply as Kiski or Kiski Prep) is an independent, college-preparatory boarding school in Saltsburg, Pennsylvania, United States. The school, named after the nearby Kiskiminetas River, is located about 30 miles (48 km) east by north of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Founded in 1888, Kiski educates students in grades 9–12, along with a post-graduate (PG) year. Kiski has an enrollment of approximately 191, with international students from 23 different countries.[3] For 2024, Niche ranked Kiski 9th-best boarding high school in Pennsylvania.[12]
History
[edit]
In 1888, Andrew W. Wilson founded the school on a wooded hill overlooking the Kiskiminetas River separating Westmoreland County from Indiana County.[13] The site had once been a summer resort and mineral spa. In the school's first catalog, printed in 1888, Wilson stated that the goal was to establish "a boys' school of high order that would prepare graduates to enter any American college or scientific school." There were two other elements of the founding mission. First, "to train and develop the moral faculties which at this period of life are so susceptible to culture." Second, "to afford all the comforts and as many as possible of the pleasures and advantages of home, during this period of training."
Forty-two students had graduated by 1894; 26 attended Princeton University. The original faculty consisted of just Wilson (who had graduated from Princeton and the University of Pennsylvania Law School) and school co-founder R. William Fair, who taught mathematics. Wilson led the school through its first four decades with the assistance of his wife, daughters, sons-in-law, and close friends.
Notably, Alexander James Inglis's first professional job was as a Latin teacher at the school during the 1902–1903 school year.[14] On May 6, 1905, the Psi chapter of the Gamma Delta Psi fraternity, a high school fraternity, was founded at the school.[15]
Kiski's athletics program was of some renown in the early 1900s. In 1929, collegiate football scholarships were banned nationally amid the Great Depression. The effects of this ban led Fred Lewis Pattee, a Penn State professor, to compare the university's team to Kiski's. Pattee remarked that the Penn State football team's schedule that year should not include any team "harder than Kiski."[16]
William H. MacColl succeeded Wilson as president in 1930. James L. Marks Sr., who served as dean, and Colonel John J. Daub, who worked as the school's registrar, were also influential early faculty and administrators.[4] By 1937, the school had four administrators and ten faculty, teaching mathematics, history, Latin, English language, Spanish language, German language, geometry, French language, science, and instrumental music.[4] At this time, the school used a preceptoral system, in which the school sorted students into four houses.[4] The school assigned each group to one of the school's four principals and officers for personalized academic counseling.[4]
L. Montgomery Clark was elected president of Kiski's board of trustees in 1941 and was appointed Head of School in 1942. Kiski carried out many campus additions and improvements under Clark's leadership. In 1946, Wes Fesler, coach of the Pitt football team, conducted a fall training camp for the team on the campus.[17]
John A. Pidgeon, who was then Deerfield Academy's assistant head of school, succeeded Clark upon retirement in 1957. Kiski undertook additions and improvements to the facilities and grew its academic reputation and endowment under Pidgeon's 45-year leadership. Under Pidgeon, Kiski built four new dormitories and renovated others. Kiski also constructed a new classroom building, dining hall, library, fine arts center, and administrative complex. Since 1998, Kiski has provided every student with a laptop.
In 2002, the school appointed Christopher A. Brueningsen as Head of School. In 2005, Kiski reinstated a day student program that allows students to attend school without residing on campus. Since 2005, five of the six dormitories have undergone significant renovations to improve their sustainability measures and amenities while maintaining student capacity.
In 2009, the school constructed a student center to serve as the social hub of campus, house the college counseling office, and host events throughout the year. In 2014, the school resurfaced the running track surrounding a multi-purpose turf field.
In 2015, the school renovated the Ross Athletic Center, expanding it to include a new fitness center and multi-use gymnasium. The school also expanded academic facilities in 2015 by adding a Makerspace, a do-it-yourself (DIY) workshop and fabrication studio, and completing the Zeigler Science Center in 2019.
In 2023, Kiski's Board of Trustees voted unanimously to open enrollment to girls.[18] Co-education at Kiski had been considered seriously at several points between 1990 and 2020, but its implementation in fall 2024 resulted from the lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and a rapidly changing landscape for small boarding schools in the United States.[18]
Governance
[edit]A board of trustees governs Kiski. John Jacob chairs the board; Ellen Swank is the board's vice-chair. Other notable board members include:[19]
Admissions
[edit]Kiski is a selective school that chooses a student body from an applicant pool. Kiski uses the Standard Application Online (SAO) to evaluate prospective students.[20]
Application Timeline
Parents and students may begin the September application process for the following year's admission. The school requires each applicant to visit the campus and have an interview. Kiski's Admission Committee begins meeting in February each year to review applications for the next school year. The school generally notifies candidates of admission decisions by March 10 every year. The school typically requires parents to submit enrollment contracts and deposits by April 10.[20]
Day Students
While Kiski is predominately a boarding institution, it has a small day student population. The school accepts day students living within a short driving distance of the campus.[20]
Post-Graduates
Kiski accepts postgraduate students who have already achieved their high school diploma and pursue additional secondary education before college. PG students can compete in the school's athletics program and participate in school activities.[20]
Naval Academy Foundation
Kiski partners with the United States Naval Academy to prepare candidates for the Naval Academy. USNA candidates enroll in Kiski's postgraduate program, complete five to six core classes, and participate in athletic programs and other extracurricular activities. The school has been enrolling Naval Academy Foundation candidates since the late 1960s.[20]
Curriculum
[edit]Kiski provides a college preparatory curriculum in mathematics, science, world languages, the arts, English language, history, electives, and programs in health and wellness, ethics, and personal development. Kiski offers a range of honors, advanced, and independent study courses. Kiski's STEAM, the school's ninth-grade science course, focuses on science, technology, engineering, arts, and math.[21]
Kiski's Leadership and Character Development Program provides experiences that range from Maker workshops to explorations of sustainability and community service work. The school also organizes trips to Gettysburg and Washington, D.C.[21]
The school is affiliated with the Cum Laude Society and National Honor Society, which recognize academic achievement.
Grades
[edit]The school's teachers grade students each quarter. The head of school individually meets with students to report their academic progress after each grading period. Quarterly grade reports are available to both students and parents online. Students receive percentage grades for each marking period based on academic performance. The school also assigns each student an "effort grade" on a scale of A (outstanding effort) through F (deplorable effort) to grade a given student's efforts within a course, in addition to academic grades.[22]
Students who distinguish themselves scholastically through ability and effort may be eligible for special recognition:[22]
Honor Roll. Average of 85% or above, with no grade lower than 70% and not more than one effort grade below "C."
High Honor Roll. Average of 95% or above, with no grade lower than 80% and not more than one effort grade below "C."
Effort Honor Roll. At least four "A" effort grades, with no effort grade below "B."
The school publishes these three lists at the end of each academic quarter. The school accords special privileges to students who have earned a place on one of these lists.
The school confers the academic title of valedictorian upon the member of the graduating class with the highest cumulative weighted grade point average based on coursework completed at Kiski during the junior and senior years. The valedictorian has the opportunity to deliver an address at Commencement.[22]
Graduation requirements
[edit]Every candidate for graduation must complete twenty credits, including:[22]
- four years of English
- four years of mathematics
- three years of history
- three years of science
- two years of foreign language
- two years of arts
Evening study hall
[edit]Each evening from 20:15–21:45, Monday through Thursday, the school requires all students to engage in academic pursuits. The evening study time allows students to visit their teachers' homes for extra help and general coursework assistance. Kiski encourages students to seek out teachers, most of whom live on campus.[22]
Extracurricular activities
[edit]Athletics
[edit]Kiski emphasizes athletics, requiring students to participate in one sport every season. Kiski has established 23 athletic teams, including:[5]
Kiski athletics predominantly occur in the school's 75,000 square foot (7,000 m²) Ross Athletic Center, on the high school track, nine-hole golf course, campus cross-country trails, or baseball and soccer facilities.[5]
Activities
[edit]Prefects
Kiski's student governance relies upon prefects. Prefects act as resident assistants as well as the school's student leadership. Prefects are assigned to live in the dormitories of first- and second-year students. Among other responsibilities, prefects counsel younger students and help dorm heads with evening study hall and lights-out. During the fourth academic quarter, the faculty and matriculating prefects elect students to serve as prefects for the next school year. Kiski prefects answer to a senior prefect known as the Head Prefect, the student body leader.[22]
The Cougar Cup
The school participates in a "Cougar Cup" competition each school year. Each student is assigned to be either a member of a Loyalhanna team or a Conemaugh team. The year-long competition includes both athletic and academic challenges.[22]
Clubs
Clubs at Kiski are largely student-organized and vary from year to year. The school has historically seen students organize the following clubs, among others:[23]
Traditions
[edit]School dress code
[edit]During the academic day, meals, and school assemblies, all students must wear a coat and tie following a school dress code. Students must wear a sport or suit coat, dress shirt, tie, belted trousers, leather dress shoes, and dress socks. Students must wear a white dress shirt for formal evening meals.[22]
Students must wear gray dress pants with a belt, a white shirt, a tie, a blue blazer, and dress shoes for special school events.[22]
Upon graduation, the school awards students a black and white striped tie.
Campus
[edit]The 350-acre campus overlooks the small town of Saltsburg, PA, 30 miles east of Pittsburgh, PA.[24]
Buildings
[edit]Athletic Complex
The Carroll "Beano" Cook Outdoor Athletic Center is the school's outdoor athletic complex. The Orr Track and Field consists of an outdoor track and turf field lined for football, soccer, and lacrosse.[24]
Ross Athletic Center
The Ross Athletic Center (RAC) is the school's 75,000-square-foot athletic center. The RAC includes the Jacob Multi-Purpose Gymnasium, a soccer, lacrosse, tennis, and baseball training area, and an indoor walking track. The RAC also includes weight and cardio training rooms, athletic training and health suite, Basketball court, wrestling and baseball room, and the McCutcheon Natatorium. The Ross Athletic Center also houses athletic department offices and film/meeting rooms. It features upgraded locker equipment rooms and storage areas. The athletic center's façade keeps with the traditional Kiski campus-wide appearance, but the inside is modern.[24]
Turley Dining Hall
Turley Dining Hall is the school's dining facility. Kiski students and faculty gather in Turley for meals. Students and faculty eat together in a family-style setup. This long-standing school tradition reflects the school's early preceptorial structure.[24]
Zeigler Science Center
Zeigler Science Center (ZSC) houses the school's physics and STEAM courses as well as biology and life sciences. The building provides a transitional space for teachers to move from lecture to experiment with movable classroom furniture.[24]
Makerspace
The Makerspace is located in the MacPhail (formerly known as Heath) Classroom Building and provides a suite of hand tools and consumable materials, including a CNC router, laser cutter, and 3D printers. The Makerspace plays host to the school's Inventionland curriculum, where students build, market, and pitch ideas for inventions, emphasizing graphic design, engineering, public speaking, and patent researching.[24]
Yukevich Quadrangle
The Yukevich Quad is the center of the school's campus. Old Main, Zeigler Science Center, Heath Classroom Building, MacColl Dorm, Swank Student Center, Pidgeon Library, and the Rogers Fine Arts Center border the Quad. It features an ample green space where Kiski students play Disc golf or view outdoor movies.[24]
Swank Student Center
The Swank Student Center (SSC) is near the main classroom building, the library, and the residence halls. The student center is the hub of campus life and a place for students' social interactions, personal interests, and leisure activities outside classroom hours. The SSC contains the school's college counseling office, campus bookstore, snack bar, radio station, TV gaming rooms, and a large fire pit on the back patio.[24]
John A. Pidgeon Library
The John A. Pidgeon Library is the "learning commons" of The Kiski School. The library, constructed and opened in 1993, provides many print and non-print resources for students and faculty members. The Bradley Reading Room offers a comfortable area for casual reading or study and houses current periodicals. Access to the online catalog, various subscription databases, and reference resources is available through the campus network. In addition to Kiski's shelf collection of more than 20,000 titles, the library is a member of ACCESS PA, a statewide online database of nearly 3,000 libraries. This database makes 44 million items available for Kiski students to borrow from these libraries. Additionally, the library subscribes to several research databases covering history, literature, science, photo archives, biographical information, and other digital tools for research and study.
The school named the building after the former Head of School, Pidgeon, who served for 45 years.[24]
Dormitories
[edit]Students live in double occupancy student rooms in six dormitories:
- Hoag Hall (converting to girls' dormitory in 2024)
- Vlahos Hall
- Fosnaugh Hall
- Daub Hall
- MacColl Hall
- McClintock Hall
Typically, two or more faculty members—including their families and pets—live in apartments within each dormitory. All dormitories have a common social room, called the Day Room, with a television, DVD player, recreational furniture, and at least one table game such as pool, table tennis, or air hockey. The school furnishes each student with a bed, mattress, closet, or hanging space for clothes, a desk, a desk chair, and a chest of drawers in the dorm rooms. All dormitory rooms have wireless access to the campus network.[22]
Notable alumni
[edit]- Bill Amos – College football player and coach[25][26]
- Tony Bova – Football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers during the 1940s[27]
- Daryll Clark '05 – Penn State quarterback[28]
- James Clark – NFL player for the Pittsburgh Steelers[29]
- Beano Cook '49 – College football commentator[30]
- David Conrad – American actor[31]
- Jim Daniell – American football offensive tackle and defensive tackle[32]
- George Demas – American football guard in the National Football League
- Rafael de Medina, 20th Duke of Feria – Member of the Spanish aristocracy
- Bill Edgar – American football player for the Buffalo All-Americans and the Akron Pros[33]
- David Egbo – Nigerian professional soccer player for Vancouver Whitecaps FC[34]
- Doc Elliott – American football player[35]
- Curtis Enis '94 – NFL player for the Chicago Bears (1998–2000); All-American Penn State running back[28]
- Ralph Fritz – American football player and coach[36]
- John Greene – American collegiate wrestler and football player[37]
- Howard Groskloss '27 – MLB second base player for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1930–1932)[38]
- Bob "Bones" Hamilton '32 – halfback for the 1934–1936 Stanford University "Vow Boys" teams; inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1972[39]
- Jack Hanna '65 – Zookeeper, television personality; Columbus Zoo and Aquarium director emeritus[40]
- Andy Hastings – All-American running back for the Pitt Panthers 1916 national championship football team[41]
- Bob Ingalls – American football player and coach[42]
- Stan Keck – Hall of Fame college football player[43]
- Richard Kneedler '61 – Franklin & Marshall College President Emeritus
- Paul Kromer – American football player[44][45]
- Timothy K. Lewis '72 – former United States federal judge for the 3d Cir. and W.D. Pa.[46]
- Jim MacMurdo – American football player[47]
- Tom Maentz '53 – American football player
- Bob Mathias '49 – Decathlete; Olympic gold medalist at the 1948 and 1952 games; Republican U.S. Representative for California's 18th congressional district (1967–1975)[48]
- Mike Milligan – American football player and coach of football and basketball[49]
- Bob Millman – American football player[50]
- Bill Moore – American football player[51]
- James P. Moore Jr. '71 – U.S. Government official, television commentator, Professor of the Practice at Georgetown University, author
- Cliff Montgomery – American football player[52]
- Jim "Monk" Moscrip '32 – All-American end for the 1934–1936 Stanford University "Vow Boys" teams; inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1985[53]
- John Murtha '51 – Democratic U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district 1972–2010[54]
- Paul Riblett – American football player[55]
- Herb Stein – American football player[56]
- Russ Stein – American football player
- Harry Stuhldreher '21 – Member of Notre Dame's "Four Horsemen"; football coach for Villanova and University of Wisconsin–Madison[57]
- Heinie Weisenbaugh – NFL running back for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Boston Redskins[58]
- Gust Zarnas – College football All-American and professional football player[59]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Search for Private Schools – School Detail for The Kiski School". National Center for Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- ^ Brueningsen, Christopher. "A Letter From Our Head of School". Welcome. The Kiski School. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ a b "Kiski by the Numbers 2020–2021" (PDF). The Kiski School. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Students Hand Book. Kiski School Archives at the John A. Pidgeon Library: Kiskiminetas Springs School. 1937–1938. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Athletics". The Kiski School. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ "Members". Pennsylvania Independent Schools Athletic Association. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ "Read the Latest Kiski Bulletin". Alumni. The Kiski School. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "The Springs". Arts & Culture. The Kiski School. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ a b "Form 990" (PDF). Tax Exempt Organization Search. Internal Revenue Service. 2021.
- ^ a b "Affording Kiski". The Kiski School. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "The Kiski School Class of 2020 Matriculation List". The Kiski Bulletin. The Kiski School. December 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "The Kiski School Rankings". Niche. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
- ^ "Brief Local Attention". The Jeffersonian-Democrat. Brookville, PA: McMurray & Sansom. July 18, 1888. p. 5.
Prof. A. W. Wilson Jr., one of the Principals of the Kiskiminetas Springs School for boys, located at Saltsburg, Pa., is in town looking after the interests of his school.
- ^ Wraga, William G. (2003). "The Progressive Classicism of Alexander James Inglis". The Classical Journal. 99 (1). The Classical Association of the Middle West and South, Inc.: 61. JSTOR 3298081. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
- ^ "First national catalog of the fraternity of Gamma Delta Psi". Library of Congress. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
- ^ Fred Lewis Pattee to W. L. Werner. Fred Lewis Pattee Papers, Box 2, Folder 128: Penn State University Archives. November 17, 1929.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Alberts, Robert C. (1986). "16". Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh, 1787–1987. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 221. JSTOR j.ctt5hjnhq.20. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
- ^ a b "Message from the Board of Trustees". October 4, 2023. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
- ^ "Meet Our Board". Directories. The Kiski School. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Join the Kiski Brotherhood". How to Apply. The Kiski School. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ a b "Course Catalog" (PDF). The Kiski School. 2020–2021. p. 6. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j K-Book (2014–15 ed.). The Kiski School.
- ^ "Student Clubs and Organizations". Boarding Experience. The Kiski School. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Virtual Campus Tour". Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ Smialek, Byron (May 16, 1980). "Friends, Admirers to Escort Bill Amos Down Golden Path". Observer-Reporter. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ "Testimonial Will Honor Bill Amos". Observer-Reporter. May 1, 1980. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ "Tony Bova Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com.
- ^ a b Trescavage, Jamie. "Clark to attend Kiski Prep". Fight on State Website. Retrieved February 23, 2007.
- ^ "James Clark". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ White, Mike (September 20, 2013). "Varsity Notes: Beano's gift provides Kiski School with a field of dreams". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ Niederberger, Mary (October 26, 2014). "Kiski student play gets some star power from David Conrad". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ Gundelfinger Jr., Paul (November 1, 1936). "Kiski Again Studded With Budding College Stars". The Pittsburgh Press. p. 8. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
- ^ "Bill Edgar Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Whitecaps FC sign MLS SuperDraft first-round selection David Egbo | Vancouver Whitecaps". Whitecapsfc.com. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
- ^ "Doc Elliott Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Ralph Fritz Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "John Greene". Pro Football Archives. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
- ^ Hood, Sam (January 23, 1956). "'Spoon-Fed' Ideas Hit at Kiski Parley; Professional Leaders Emphasize Need for Self-Disciplined Study Habits". The Pittsburgh Press. p. 4. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
- ^ "Former Kiski Performers Aid in Making Stanford Frosh Greatest in Seven Years". The Pittsburgh Press. October 18, 1932. p. 27. Retrieved July 21, 2023 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "About — Jack Hanna". Jack Hanna. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ "Sandy Hastings Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Bob Ingalls Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Stan Keck Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Kiski Football Team Registers 21–0 Victory Over Mercersburg; Cromer Goes Across in First Period, Mahafee in Second and Lee in the Fourth – Intercepted Passes Halt Losers in Their Attempts to Put Over a Touchdown". The New York Times. November 8, 1936.
- ^ "Kiski Wins Over Lion Frosh, 7 to 0". The Pittsburgh Press. October 11, 1936.
- ^ "Bio". Hon. Timothy K. Lewis. Schnader. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "Jim MacMurdo Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com.
- ^ Schwartz, Larry. "Boy-wonder Mathias elevated decathlon". ESPN. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ Sell, Jack (August 30, 1950). "Milligan Accepts Coaching Job with Coast School". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
- ^ "Bob Millman Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Bill Moore". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- ^ "Cliff Montgomery Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Monk Moscrip Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ United States Congress. "John Murtha (id: M001120)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ "Paul Riblett Coaching Record". Pro Football Archives. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Pitt has Three Hard Games on its Card Still: University of Nebraska is Expected to Put Up Stiff Battle Next Saturday". The Washington Times. Washington, D.C. October 30, 1921. p. 29. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
- ^ Call, Andy (January 19, 2002). "Massillon's Stuhldreher went on to become one of the 'Four Horsemen'". Canton Repository Website. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
- ^ "Heinie Weisenbaugh Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "Gust Zarnas Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
