William T. Anderson

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William T. Anderson
Bloody-bill-anderson.jpg
Nickname Bloody Bill
Born c. 1838
Hopkins County, Kentucky
Died October 26, 1864
Albany, Missouri
Buried at Pioneer Cemetery
Richmond, Missouri
Allegiance CSA Stainless Banner
Service/branch Partisan Rangers
Years of service 1863-1864
Rank Captain
Unit Quantrill's Raiders
Battles/wars Battle of Fort Blair
Lawrence Massacre
Centralia Massacre
Orrick, Missouri

William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson (c. 1838 – October 26, 1864) was a pro-Confederate guerrilla leader in the American Civil War.

Anderson was known for his brutality towards Union soldiers, and pro Union partisans, who were called Jayhawkers. Anderson participated in Quantrill's raid on Lawrence, Kansas on August 21, 1863. An estimated 200 civilian men and boys were reported to have been killed and many homes and buildings in Lawrence were burned to the ground.

On October 26, 1864 Anderson was killed after he and his men were lured into an ambush near the hamlet of Albany, which is now part of Orrick, in Ray County, Missouri. The ambush was carried out by a group of militiamen led by Colonel Samuel P. Cox.[1]

Contents

[edit] Early life

William T. Anderson was born c. 1838 in Hopkins County, Kentucky. His parents were William C. Anderson and Martha Anderson.[2] Anderson, often referred to as Bill, was one of six children.[3] He was recalled as a well-behaved child by those who knew him.[2]

Soon after Anderson was born, his family moved to Palmyra, Missouri. There his grandfather, and possibly his father, worked as a hatter. By the mid-1840s, the Anderson family had moved to Iowa Territory. They soon relocated to Randolph County, Missouri.[2] In Missouri, William C. Anderson found employment working on a farm and was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His family soon became well thought of by the local community. Around 1850, he traveled to California to look for gold, but his trip was unsuccessful. In 1856, he again traveled West, helping to transport freight to New Mexico on a wagon train. On his return from New Mexico, he built a cabin in Kansas. The next year he relocated his family to the cabin, travelling Southwest on the Santa Fe Trail.[4]

The Anderson family traveled to Bluff Creek near Council Grove.[5] They settled 13 miles East of Council Grove, Kansas.[3] At that time, there was significant debate about slavery in Kansas and many residents of the Northern United States were moving there in hopes of preventing it from becoming a slave state.[6] Mutual distrust and animosity soon developed between immigrants to Kansas from the North and those from the South. Though the Anderson family did not own slaves, they supported the status of blacks as slaves. Larry Wood argues that they likely relocated to Kansas in search of cheap land, rather than support of slavery.[7] Vigilantes often targeted political opponents in the area at that time, but the Anderson family was not targeted.[5] After finishing their journey, the family became friends with A. I. Baker, a local judge who was a Confederate sympathizer.[8]

In the rural area where the Anderson family lived, there was little Civil War-related unrest. As a young man, however, Anderson shot and killed a member of the Kaw tribe who allegedly tried to rob him when he was traveling from Council Grove to a nearby ranch. Around the same time, Bill's brother Ellis fled to Iowa after an incident in which he killed an Indian.[9] On June 28, 1860, Martha Anderson died after being struck by lightning.[10]

By 1860, the Anderson family had a net worth of around $1,000. Their possessions included a horse, two cows, two oxen, and a log cabin. Anderson was a joint owner of a 320-acre (1.3 km2) property that was worth $500.[11] William C. Anderson worked as a shopkeeper and sold Whiskey. He continued to occasionally work for the freight shipping operation, and Anderson joined the operation. He was given a position known as "second boss" for a wagon trip to New Mexico. The trip was not successful; he claimed to have lost the shipment. After he returned to Council Grove, he began horse trading, taking horses from Council Grove and transporting them to Missouri. He would return to Council Grove with more horses.[10]

[edit] Initial crimes

Anderson's father was shot dead in March 1862 by a local judge over a stolen horse. Anderson and his brother Jim later confronted the judge, killing him along with his brother-in-law.[12] Now in trouble with the law, Anderson and his family left Kansas and moved to western Missouri.[13]

[edit] Quantrill's Raiders

In Spring 1863, Anderson and his brother traveled to Jackson County, Missouri, to join Quanttrill's raiders. Bill was initially given a chilly reception from other raiders, who perceived him to be brash and overconfident.[14]

Quantrill was initially the most prominent guerrilla and led the largest force in the Kansas–Missouri area. Though there was, and had been, a large Union presence in Missouri, Confederate sympathy was widespread, enabling a guerrilla movement.[15] There was vicious guerrilla warfare that took place in the area.[16] Confederate General Price had failed to gain control of Missouri in his 1861 offensive and had retreated into Arkansas. This made the guerrillas the only Confederate forces challenging Union dominance. They had initially formed small bands, but then grew to develop larger ones. Men joined the bands for multiple reasons, many were angry about things done to their friends or relatives by Union soldiers, but some simply wanted to kill.[17]

In early May 1863, the group launched a raid near Council Grove.[14] On the way there, they camped near what was the Anderson farm.[18] Anderson saw that his family's house had since been leveled.[19] He was recognized by some local men who briefly engaged the group. They then robbed a store 15 miles west of Council Grove and continued West on the Santa Fe Trail. The group encountered a United States Marshall accompanied by a large posse and an number of the raiders were captured or killed. The rest of the group, including Anderson, broke into small groups and returned to Missouri.[18] Castel & Goodrich speculate that this raid may have given Quantrill the idea of a launching a raid deep into Kansas.[20]

In early summer 1863, Anderson was made a lieutenant in Quantrill's Raiders and served under George Todd. In mid-June, he took part in a raid near Westport in which 14 Union soldiers were killed. He also led independent raids with his own men.[21] On July 15, Anderson and Pool led a raid into Lafeyette County that killed four members of a Union militia and a prisoner was taken.[22] The first reference to Anderson in one large volume about the Civil War was focused on his activities at around this time, describing him as the Captain of a band of guerrillas. Anderson then commanded 30–40 men, many of whom were from Kansas. One notable member of Anderson's band was Archie Clement, an 18-year-old with a predilection for torture and mutilation.[23] Clement was always loyal to Anderson, not Quantrill or any other guerrilla leader.[24]

Anderson began leading attacks, commanding 25 bushwackers on a raid of a wagon train on July 31[25] four miles from the Union Army's Kansas City headquarters.[25] The Sixth and Ninth Kansas Cavalrys separately arrived at the site of the raid roughly a half hour after the bushwackers left, but Anderson and his men easily escaped.[26] The bushwackers traveled Northwest, killing two Union supporters on the way.[27] The group reached the Kansas River, where they rendezvoused with Anderson's sisters, brought them to Little Santa Fe, and left the town. The bushwackers were then engaged by the Sixth Kansas Cavalry, four bushwackers were killed and the rest scattered into the woods of Missouri.[25]

The guerrillas had a network of support in Jefferson County, and had numerous hiding places in the woods. Anderson's sisters supported the bushwackers, gathering information in Union territory.[28] Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr. attempted the thwart the guerrillas by arresting their female relatives, including Anderson's sisters.[29] His sisters, along with a number of other girls, were housed in a three-story building on Grand Avenue in Kansas City. The building collapsed and one of the Anderson girls was killed.[30] In the aftermath, some outraged citizens claimed that the building had been intentionally sabotaged by Union soldiers. The soldiers, however, claimed that the building had been damaged while girls were attempting to escape.[31] Union soldiers in the neighboring building had taken down a wall between the two structures to enlarge a room, an act which may have weakened the building.[32] Anderson perceived the event as an intentional murder. Wood notes that Anderson's motivation shifted after the death of his sister: killing subsequently became a very enjoyable act and the focus of his life.[6] Castel & Goodrich maintain that killing became more than a means to an end at that point for Anderson, it became an end itself.[33]

[edit] Lawrence Massacre

Main article: Lawrence Massacre

Many of the guerrillas that served under Quantrill and their family members had suffered due to the actions of Union soldiers, motivating them to fight. The idea of a raid on Lawrence, Kansas, had been considered, and the building collapse encouraged the guerrillas to make a bold strike.[34] After the deaths of the girls, Quantrill attained near-unanimous consent[35] to strike Lawrence, 40 miles (64 km) into Union territory.[34] A large group of guerrillas met at the Blackwater river in Northwest Johnson County and Anderson was put in charge of forty men.[36] He was perhaps the angriest, and most motivated, of all.[37]

The Battle of Lawrence, Kansas

On August 19, the group began the trip to Lawrence.[38] Another group of guerrillas joined them on the way,[39] making it the largest guerrilla force under one commander in the entire war. Anderson was considered by some of his fellow guerrillas to be one of the deadliest fighters in the group.[40] On the trip some guerrillas robbed a Union supporter, after Anderson saw the man he realized that he was an old acquaintance and reimbursed the man the value of his stolen possessions.[41] The group reached Lawrence near dawn. They cordoned off the town and resolved not to kill women or children.[42]

The guerrillas immediately killed a number of Union Army recruits, and one of Anderson's men took their Union flag.[42] A Captain who served as the Provost Marshall of Kansas met the men and surrendered to them, allowing them use of the town's main hotel. Anderson took the man's uniform. The guerrillas proceeded to pillage and burn many buildings in the town, killing every man who appeared on the streets.[43] Anderson personally killed 14 people during the attack. Though some begged for their lives, he was not dissuaded.[44] The guerrillas under Anderson's command killed more than any of the other groups.[45] Anderson did respond to the begging of a woman who asked him not to burn her house, though.[46] They left town at 9 am after they saw a company of Union soldiers coming to the town.[47] The raiding party left Lawrence followed closely by the Union military.[48]

The guerrillas eventually managed to break contact with the Union soldiers and then scattered into the Missouri woods about thirty six hours after they left the state.[49] During the pursuit, an Indian who was allied with the Union Army scalped one of the raiders who had been killed, a tactic soon adopted by the guerrillas.[50]

[edit] Texas

A group of 450 guerrillas under Quantrill met at Blackwater River in Jackson County and headed toward Texas on October 2, earlier in the year than they normally would have. On the way to Texas, they entered Baxter Springs, Kansas, the site of Fort Blair. They attacked the fort, but the ninety federal troops entered the fort and suffered minimal losses.[51] A larger group of federal troops arrived[52] and Quantrill's men, who were dressed in federal uniforms,[53] charged the Union soldiers. They inflicted heavy damages, killing about 100. Anderson and his men were in the rear of the charge, but gathered a large amount of plunder from the dead soldiers, irritating some of the other guerrillas.[52] Anderson wished to attack the fort again,[54] not being satisfied with the number killed,[55] but Quantrill insisted they continue their journey.[54]

On October 12, they met Samuel Cooper and then proceeded to Mineral Springs in Texas to rest for the winter.[56] Anderson met and married a young woman from Sherman[57] who worked in a local saloon.[58] Although Quantrill was opposed to the marriage, Anderson was unpersuaded, adding tension relationship to his relationship with Quantrill.[57] Anderson did not noticeably change after his marriage[58] and some have disputed that he was legally married.[59] Quantrill reassembled his men and sent most of them into active duty with the Confederate Army, retaining eighty four men, including Anderson. He was made a first lieutenant[60] and was third in command of the group. He was admired by many of the reckless young soldiers.[61] One of the men who reported to Anderson, however, was expelled from the group for stealing. Warned not to return, he was shot and killed when members of the group later found him nearby.[60] Another of Anderson's men was disciplined for killing someone. These acts of discipline angered Anderson, and he took twenty men to visit Sherman. The soldier of Anderson's who had killed someone told General Cooper that he had killed on Quantrill's orders. The general then had Quantrill arrested.[62] Sutherland sees Anderson as taking a "Judas" action against Quantrill.[63] Quantrill was taken into custody, but soon escaped and Anderson was instructed to lead an attempt to recapture him. They gave chase, but were unable to find him and stopped at Bodark Creek.[64] At the creek they briefly engaged a group of guerrillas loyal to Quantrill, but no one was injured in the confrontation. Upon returning to the Confederate leadership, Anderson was commissioned as a Captain.[65]

[edit] 1864 and the raid on Centralia, Missouri

Main article: Centralia Massacre (Missouri)

In 1864 Anderson gained notoriety for his particular savagery against Union soldiers and civilian sympathizers alike. He and his men usually shot their prisoners along with mutilating and scalping the dead.[1] He sent letters to newspapers in Lexington, Missouri, promising further violence against pro-Union civilians and threatening to take women of Union families as hostages. That year he was joined by a group of recruits who had served briefly with Archie Clement, his own lieutenant; these recruits included Frank James, who had been one of Quantrill's Raiders, and the sixteen-year-old Jesse James. During this time, Anderson's men adopted the practice of dangling the bloody scalps of their victims from their horse bridles.

Anderson reportedly wrote to a newspaper in Lexington, Missouri on July 7, 1864 stating:

“ I commenced at the first of this war to fight for my country, not to steal from it. I have chosen guerrilla warfare to revenge myself for wrongs that could not [be] honorably avenged otherwise. I lived in Kansas when the war commenced. Because I would not fight the people of Missouri, my native state, the Yankees sought my life, but failed to get me. Revenged themselves by murdering my father, destroying all my property, and have since that time murdered one of my sisters and kept the other two in jail [for] twelve months.[66] ”


On September 27, 1864, Anderson led fellow bushwhackers in the Centralia Massacre looting and terrifying the local populace. During the attack they barricaded the tracks of the Northern Missouri Railroad and forced a train to stop. The group robbed the civilian passengers and killed 22 Union soldiers who were returning home on furlough. Anderson left one Union sergeant alive for a possible prisoner exchange; the rest he had stripped, shot, scalped or otherwise mutilated.[1]

The same day, Union Major A.V.E. Johnston of the newly raised 39th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Mounted) set off with his men to pursue Anderson's band. Anderson, in conjunction with other guerrilla leaders such as George M. Todd, sent out a detachment that lured Johnston into a trap. After discharging their single-shot rifles and causing light guerrilla casualties, the Union soldiers were overrun by the pistol-wielding bushwhackers. Many fled in a panic as the guerrillas cut them down. Those who tried to surrender were slaughtered. Around 120 mounted infantrymen were killed in the ambush and pursuit. Bodies of the soldiers were decapitated and mutilated by some of the guerrillas.

[edit] Anderson's death

At the time of the Battle of Centralia, the Union command was busy opposing a raid by General Sterling Price, at the head of 12,000 Confederate cavalrymen. Price feinted towards St. Louis, made an attack on the federal garrison at Pilot Knob, then turned west, drawing the Union forces south of the Missouri River. Anderson met briefly with Price, but chose to return to the north side of the river, where he faced only local militia.

Union headquarters assigned militia Colonel Samuel P. Cox the task of eliminating the guerrilla leader. On October 26, 1864, Cox managed to locate Anderson near the hamlet of Albany, which is now part of Orrick, in Ray County, Missouri.[67] Ironically, he used one of Anderson's favorite tactics against him. Cox sent a mounted detachment to lure the guerrillas into an ambush.

Cox gave this account of the battle:

“ I had only about 300 men under my command and gave the word to stand their ground – this fight must be victory or death – and not a man faltered. We dismounted at the wooden bridge leaving our horses in charge of the men with the commissary wagons. Crossing the bridge I stationed my men in the timber and gave explicit instructions not to begin shooting until I gave the command. Lt. Baker was sent ahead to reconnoiter and bring on the fight with instructions to retreat through our line. Cas. Morton, now a retired brigadier general, of Washington, D.C., was sent to Baker with the word to start the fight. Baker dashed up to where Anderson and his men were having meal ground and getting provisions, and opened fire. Instantly Anderson and his men were in their saddles and gave chase to Baker, who retreated under instructions and came dashing through our line. Anderson and some 20 of his men came in their historic manner, with their bridle reins in their teeth and revolver in each hand. When my men opened fire, many of Anderson's command went down. Others turned and fled, but the grim old chieftain and two of his men went right through the line, shooting and yelling, and it was as Anderson and one of his men turned and came back that both of them were killed. The celebrated (Capt.) Archie Clement, who had gone through our line with Anderson, kept right on across the bridge and stampeded my wagon train and its guards boy [sic] yelling to them to fly as the command was cut to pieces, and thinking it was one of their men, they ran and kept it up until I was a day or two getting them together again. In the hubbub, Clement escaped. Clell Miller, afterwards a noted bank robber and a desperate character, was wounded in this fight and taken prisoner. It was with difficulty I restrained my men and the citizens from lynching him.[67] ”


Anderson led his men in a charge straight into the waiting militiamen who opened fire upon them. "Bloody Bill" fell from his horse after being shot twice through the side of the head and his surviving men then retreated while being pursued.[68] It has been alleged that a silken cord with fifty-three knots was found on Anderson to mark the number of men he had killed.[13] Human scalps were also found attached to his horse's bridle. In his pocket a photograph of Anderson and his wife was found as well as lock of hair from their infant child. Also found on Anderson's body were private papers and orders from General Sterling Price[68]. Combined, these items were used to confirm Anderson's identity.

Anderson's remains were taken to Richmond, Missouri, put on public display, and photographed. He was then decapitated, his head stuck on a telegraph pole and his body dragged through the streets before being buried in an unmarked grave in Richmond's Pioneer Cemetery.[69] In 1908 the ex-guerrilla and outlaw Frank James arranged for a funeral service at Anderson's grave site.[66] A veteran's tombstone was placed over his grave in 1967 and the birth year is there incorrectly stated as 1840.

[edit] Death controversy

As with many notorious characters in American history, various people appeared after his death, claiming to be Bloody Bill Anderson. During a bank robbery in Gallatin, Missouri on December 7, 1869, Jesse James shot the cashier (Captain John W. Sheets 1818-1869) mistaking him for Samuel P. Cox, the man James said had killed Bloody Bill Anderson.[70]

In 1924, a Brown County, Texas settler named William Columbus Anderson was interviewed by Henry C. Fuller, a staff writer for the "Brownwood Banner-Bulletin". Anderson claimed that he was the real Bloody Bill Anderson, with the same name and middle initial as Anderson's father. He said that another guerrilla's body had been mistaken for his own. W. C. Anderson lived in a farmhouse at Salt Creek, near Brownwood, dying in 1927 at age eighty-seven. As with so many cases of purported survivors (including the many claimants to being Jesse James), independent scholars have given no credence to this or other claims.

[edit] Critical opinion

Information about Anderson was initially spread by memoirs by combatants and works by amateur local historians.[71] Biographies written about Anderson by Castel and Goodrich, Wood,[72] and Hale.[73] He has been covered in biographies of Quantrill. These works typically cast him as a cold-blooded killer.[74]

Historians have been mixed in their appraisal of him. Woods sees him as the most bloody man in the deadliest American war,[75] characterizing him as the most inhumane guerrilla in the conflict.[16] Castel and Goodrich see him as an example of the bitter bloodshed that characterized the war.[76] They note that he can be described as a "savage", but argue that he was not alone in that capacity during the Civil War. They state that there were many other people during the war who were made into savages by the conditions.[77]

James Reid argues that Anderson had an extreme form of an aggressive, sadistic personality. He maintains that Anderson also suffered from delusional paranoia, which exacerbated this personality trait. He sees Anderson as obsessed with, and greatly enjoying, death.[78] He notes that Anderson apparently had a strong desire to inflict fear and suffering in his victims, and had fantasies of great destruction. Reid sees dismemberment as part of the most severe type of Sadistic Personality Disorder and argues that Anderson was not content to merely kill, he had to do more to his victims. Reid also draws a parallel to the Bashi-bazouks, arguing that Anderson displayed some similarities to them.[79]

T. J. Stiles argues that Anderson was not necessarily a "sadistic fiend", but illustrated how young men in the social conditions of war become part of a "culture of atrocity". Stiles notes that American soldiers have committed acts similar to Anderson's against Native Americans and Japanese soldiers. He also argues that Anderson's acts were perceived as shocking in part because his victims were White Americans of similar social standing.[80]

[edit] In popular media

In the movie The Outlaw Josey Wales the title character, played by Clint Eastwood, is visited by a band loosely structured around Anderson's bushwhackers. Wales agrees to ride with the group to "set things right" by killing the Redleg guerrilla (based on William Sloan Tough, though named after William R. Terrill) who killed his family. Anderson is played by John Russell in the film. Although the movie is accurate about Anderson's killings, it is inaccurate in aspects such as his death and his sister, who, in the film, was said to have been hanged due to her relation with Anderson.

Anderson and Quantrill are both mentioned in the Coen brother's 2010 film "True Grit". One of the film's main protagonists, Federal Marshall Rooster Cogburn, is accused of participating in Anderson's marauding by a Texas ranger. Cogburn appears proud of his service with Quantrill and Anderson, though the ranger claims that they murdered women and children.

Anderson is the central character in James Carlos Blake's highly-praised work of historical fiction Wildwood Boys, published in 2000 and selected by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch as "one of the year's best books." The novel spans the entirety of Anderson's life and deals in detail with the machinations of the border wars.

Anderson is shown in episode 3 of the 6-part 2005 television series Into the West conducting his infamous Quantrill's raid.

In the 1999 movie Ride with the Devil the character "Black John" Ambrose, played by James Caviezel, is loosely based on Anderson.

[edit] See also

Portal icon American Civil War portal

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Zwonitzer, Mark. "People & Events - William "Bloody Bill" Anderson". Jesse James. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/james/peopleevents/p_anderson.html. Retrieved January 16, 2010. 
  2. ^ a b c Wood 2003, p. 1
  3. ^ a b Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 11
  4. ^ Wood 2003, p. 3
  5. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 5
  6. ^ a b Wood 2003, pp. 3–4
  7. ^ Wood 2003, p. 4
  8. ^ Wood 2003, p. 6
  9. ^ Wood 2003, p. 10
  10. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 11
  11. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 12
  12. ^ Schultz, Duane P. (1996). Quantrill's war: the life and times of William Clarke Quantrill, 1837-1865. St. Martin's Press. http://books.google.com/books?id=Yvwz3_xrLrcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=bloody+bill+anderson&cad=1#v=onepage&q=bill%20anderson&f=false. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 
  13. ^ a b "Civil War - October 26, 1864 - "Bloody Bill" Anderson killed". This Day in History. The History Channel. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Article&id=2366. Retrieved January 16, 2010. 
  14. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 22
  15. ^ Wood 2003, p. xi
  16. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. viii
  17. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 9
  18. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 24
  19. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 20
  20. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 22
  21. ^ Wood 2003, p. 25
  22. ^ Wood 2003, p. 26
  23. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 24
  24. ^ Schultz 1997, p. 73
  25. ^ a b c Wood 2003, p. 28
  26. ^ Wood 2003, p. 27
  27. ^ Wood 2003, pp. 27–8
  28. ^ Wood 2003, p. 29
  29. ^ Wood 2003, p. 30
  30. ^ Wood 2003, p. 31
  31. ^ Wood 2003, p. 32
  32. ^ Wood 2003, p. 33
  33. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 27
  34. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 35
  35. ^ Wood 2003, p. 36
  36. ^ Wood 2003, p. 37
  37. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 28
  38. ^ Wood 2003, p. 38
  39. ^ Wood 2003, p. 38–9
  40. ^ Wood 2003, p. 39
  41. ^ Wood 2003, p. 40
  42. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 41
  43. ^ Wood 2003, p. 42
  44. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 29
  45. ^ Wood 2003, p. 48
  46. ^ Wood 2003, p. 44
  47. ^ Wood 2003, p. 45
  48. ^ Wood 2003, p. 49
  49. ^ Wood 2003, p. 51
  50. ^ Wood 2003, p. 52
  51. ^ Wood 2003, p. 53
  52. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 56
  53. ^ Wood 2003, p. 55
  54. ^ a b Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 32
  55. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 33
  56. ^ Wood 2003, p. 58
  57. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 59
  58. ^ a b Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 36
  59. ^ Schultz 1997, p. 266
  60. ^ a b Wood 2003, p. 60
  61. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 34
  62. ^ Wood 2003, p. 61
  63. ^ Sutherland 2009, p. 199
  64. ^ Wood 2003, p. 62
  65. ^ Wood 2003, p. 63
  66. ^ a b Banasik, Michael E. (2003). Cavaliers of the brush: Quantrill and his men. Camp Pope Bookshop. http://books.google.com/books?id=X15KelQJ3uoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=bloody+bill+anderson&cad=1#v=onepage&q=bloody%20bill%20anderson&f=false. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 
  67. ^ a b Samuel Cox -- A Daviess County Hero.
  68. ^ a b Schofield, Arnold W. (December 3, 2006). "Battlefield Dispatches". Spoils of War. The Nevada Daily Mail. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BlYrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=atUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3409,3847364&dq=bloody+bill+anderson&hl=en. Retrieved January 16, 2010. 
  69. ^ "Guide to Missouri Unusual Travel Attractions - Richmond". YourHometown.org. http://yourhometown.org/page34.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 
  70. ^ Zwonitzer, Mark. "People & Events - Jesse James' Bank Robberies". Jesse James. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/james/peopleevents/e_banks.html. Retrieved January 16, 2010. 
  71. ^ Sutherland 2006, p. 7
  72. ^ Wood 2003, p. vii
  73. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. vii
  74. ^ Wood 2003, p. xii
  75. ^ Wood 2003, p. 140
  76. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. viii
  77. ^ Castel & Goodrich 1998, p. 144
  78. ^ Reid 2000, p. 420
  79. ^ Reid 2000, p. 421
  80. ^ Stiles 2003, p. 127

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] External links

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