Yanji

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Yanji
—  County-level city  —
연길시 · 延吉市
Chinese transcription(s)
 • Chinese character 延吉市
 • Hanyu Pinyin Yánjí Shì
 • Wade–Giles Yen-chi shih
Korean transcription(s)
 • Hangul 연길 시
 • Hanja 延吉市
 • Revised Romanisation Yeongil-si
 • McCune–Reischauer Yŏn'gil-si
Yanji skyline, 2010.
Location within Yanbian Prefecture;
Yanji is highlighted in red
Yanji is located in Jilin
Yanji
Location in Jilin province
Coordinates: 42°54′N 129°30′E / 42.9°N 129.5°E / 42.9; 129.5Coordinates: 42°54′N 129°30′E / 42.9°N 129.5°E / 42.9; 129.5
Country People's Republic of China
Province Jilin
Prefecture Yanbian
Seat Henan Subdistrict
Area
 • Total 1,332 km2 (514 sq mi)
Elevation 179 m (587 ft)
Population (2007)
 • Total 400,000
 • Density 300/km2 (780/sq mi)
Time zone China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Website Yanji Government (Chinese, Korean)

Yanji (Chinese: 延吉; pinyin: Yánjí), also known as Yeon'gil (Korean pronunciation: [jɔnɟil]) from its Korean name (옌지), is the seat of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, eastern Jilin province, Northeast China. Its population is approximately 400,000 of which a large section is ethnic Korean. Yanji is a busy hub of transport and trade between China and North Korea.

Contents

[edit] History

Yanji and its environs were largely unpopulated until the 1800s when Qing dynasty rulers of China began to encourage migration there, as an effort to stem encroaching Russian expansion.[1]

Yanji is now part of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture which is situated in the most easterly part of Jilin Province.[2] Yanji City is centrally located, surrounded by five other county-level cities and two rural counties (see map); it is the administrative capital of the prefecture.[3]

[edit] International incidents

The North Korean military detonated its second nuclear test in May 2009 close to the Chinese border, and the blast set off an earthquake of magnitude 4.5 with an epicenter only 112 miles from Yanji.[4] The mutual goodwill of the Chinese and Korean populations in the region was put under severe strain, and many in Yanji expressed newfound feelings of dismay and insecurity regarding their North Korean neighbors.[4]

A South Korean pastor, The Reverend Kim Dong Shik, was kidnapped in Yanji in January 2000, one of numerous well-publicized North Korean abductions of South Koreans: a suspect of mixed Korean-Chinese descent, said to have been trained in Pyongyang, was arrested and charged with the crime in December 2004.[5]

Yanji was the startpoint of an international dispute in 2009 when two American journalists, Euna Lee and Laura Ling were detained by North Korean border guards when, after leaving Yanji, they overstepped the nearby demarcation line.[6] The two were freed only after intervention at the highest level, by former US President Clinton.[7]

Crystal meth seeping across the border from North Korea has led to a drug problem.[8] Twenty years ago, Yanji had only 44 registered drug addicts. Last year it registered almost 2,100 drug addicts, with more than 90 percent of them addicted to meth or similar synthetic drugs. Local officials acknowledge that this is very likely a gross undercount and that the actual number may be five or six times higher. “Jilin Province is not only the most important transshipment point for drugs from North Korea into China, but has itself become one of the largest markets in China for amphetamine-type stimulants,” said a Brookings report on the subject.[9]

[edit] Geography and climate

Yanji is situated among foothills, with the main metropolitan area contained in a small, very flat area.[10] It is ringed by mountains dotted with small, remote farming communities.[11] It has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (classified in the Köppen system as Dwb), with long, very cold winters, and short, but very warm, humid summers. Spring and autumn constitute very short transitions with some, but usually not heavy, rainfall. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.6 to +21.5 °C (7.5 to 70.7 °F) from January to July, with an annual mean of 5.40 °C (41.7 °F) and a total precipitation of 530 millimetres (20.9 in), most of it falling during the summer.

Climate data for Yeon'gil (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 5.6
(42.1)		 15.1
(59.2)		 21.5
(70.7)		 24.0
(75.2)		 27.1
(80.8)		 26.9
(80.4)		 21.9
(71.4)		 14.5
(58.1)		 3.9
(39.0)		 −4.3
(24.3)		 12.29
(54.13)
Average low °C (°F) −19.4
(−2.9)		 −16
(3.2)		 −8.2
(17.2)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 6.7
(44.1)		 12.9
(55.2)		 17.2
(63.0)		 17.1
(62.8)		 9.1
(48.4)		 0.3
(32.5)		 −8
(17.6)		 −16.2
(2.8)		 −0.38
Precipitation mm (inches) 3.7
(0.146)		 5.2
(0.205)		 8.3
(0.327)		 25.2
(0.992)		 54.0
(2.126)		 88.8
(3.496)		 115.3
(4.539)		 121.9
(4.799)		 64.1
(2.524)		 24.6
(0.969)		 10.8
(0.425)		 6.4
(0.252)		 528.3
(20.799)
% humidity 59 55 53 55 60 75 79 80 77 67 62 61 65.3
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.1 3.4 5.1 7.8 12.2 15.1 14.3 13.6 10.4 7.1 5.3 3.8 101.2
Sunshine hours 170.4 183.2 225.3 213.2 233.6 190.0 181.0 187.5 197.6 199.5 157.7 140.8 2,279.8
Source: China Meteorological Administration

[edit] Earthquakes

The Chinese-Russian border around Yanji is a region well-known as susceptible to earthquakes: the most recent earthquake struck in February 2010 and registered 6.5 on the Richter scale.[12]

[edit] Administrative divisions

Yanji has six subdistricts and three towns.[13]

Subdistricts:

Towns:

[edit] Demographics

An elderly local

The Korean diaspora in China has significant populations in at least eleven major Chinese cities,[14] but none larger than Yanji:[11] official Chinese census reports from 1990 placed the city's ethnic Korean population at over 170,000.[14] Official census reports from 2000 have not yet been released publicly,[14] but current estimates place it between about one third of the city's total population[10][15] to more than one half.[1][16] Both Chinese and Korean are considered "official languages" of the city:[10] all official signs are in bilingual text,[16] with Korean at the top.[17]

[edit] Economy

With its current population estimated at four hundred thousand,[10] Yanji is comparatively small by Chinese standards (for comparison, Shanghai is almost twenty million[18]). Yanji is also relatively young: the city grew up only in the nineteenth century[1] and became the capital of its region just after the Second World War.[19] Recent growth in tourism and overseas investment has helped to make Yanji a noticeably prosperous city.[16] It abounds with modern architecture of steel and glass,[16] and its broad avenues[16][17] are conspicuously clean and well-maintained.[17] In modern times, Yanji has become a city of transport and trade.[20] China is the largest trading partner of North Korea, accounting for almost 40% of that country's international commerce, and Yanji is the center of much of the cross-border enterprise.[20]

Beyond North Korea, other countries have begun to partner with Yanji business groups: currently there are over five hundred joint ventures with international partners ongoing in Yanji.[16] Much recent investment has been made particularly by South Korea[21][22] and Taiwan, which has helped substantially in building the city's tourism industry.[16]

Yanji also burnishes its reputation as a center of tourism by hosting the annual North China Travel Fair. Held every year since 1996, the fair is one of the largest of its kind in the country, showcasing over a thousand exhibitions representing cultural and economic partners from across China and overseas.[23] Yanji also hosts the Tumen River Area International Investment & Business Forum, a three-day exposition held annually since 2000.[24]

[edit] Transport and infrastructure

Daily train service to most major urban centers of the province is available from Yanji, including a 24-hour trip to Beijing.[3] A much shorter trip to the Chinese capital can be arranged at Yanji Chaoyangchuan Airport which serves the area with scheduled passenger flights domestically and to Korea.[3] International air service is provided by the Changchun Longjia Airport, and surface travel to Changchun itself has been made more accessible since the large Changchun-Yanji Expressway was opened to the public in 2009.[25]

A new 125-mile (201 km) water and sewage pipeline was completed in 2006, linking Yanji and the neighboring cities of Jilin and Songyuan to modern sewage treatment plants along the Songhua River.[26]

[edit] Education

Yanbian University is a comprehensive university in Yanji, founded in 1949; it offers eleven programs of study, including four doctoral programs.[27] The university maintains a full-time teaching staff of over 1,400, serving an active student body of over sixteen thousand.[27] One of Yanbian University's graduates, a Korean language major, is Zhang Dejiang, formerly a deputy secretary of the Municipal Committee of Yanji (1983–1985), and now a Vice-Premier of the Chinese Communist Party in Beijing.[28][29]

Yanji is also home to the Yanbian University of Science and Technology, a technical research college founded in 1990,[30] and the Yanbian Medical College.[31]

[edit] Sport

Yanji hosts sporting events at the 50,000-seat People's Stadium.[32] The city was the eighteenth stop[33] for the Olympic torch relay at the opening of the 2008 Summer Games.[34]

Officials from the Guinness Book of World Records visited the athletics stadium at Yanbian University in July 2010 to witness a new world record being set: over one thousand students simultaneously juggled soccer balls with their feet for more than ten seconds.[35]

[edit] Culture

Yanji is often described as more of a Korean, rather than Chinese, community.[19] Two all-Korean television channels are produced locally, and others can be freely received from both North and South Korea.[19] Korean cuisine is highly popular and available everywhere.[36] An annual Korean folk festival takes place each September in Yanji, featuring traditional Korean music, dance, painting, and sports.[16]

Karaoke is popular in Yanji,[22] and the city even has a burgeoning underground beatboxing scene, which has been documented by filmmaker Liu Feng in Yan Bian Box (2007).[37][38]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c "China torch relay: Yanji". BBC News. 21 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7373271.stm. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  2. ^ "The Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture". China.org.cn. 2003. http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/53647.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  3. ^ a b c Harper, Damian (2007). China. Lonely Planet. p. 384. ISBN 1740599152. http://books.google.com/books?id=-X7ORxkVvDwC&pg=PA384#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  4. ^ a b Guo, Rongxing; Freeman, Carla (2010). Managing Fragile Regions: Method and Application. Springer. p. 39. ISBN 1441964355. http://books.google.com/books?id=JC3sAEuHMwQC&lpg=PA39&dq=Yanji%20%2Bearthquake&pg=PA39#v=onepage. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  5. ^ Salmon, Andrew (15 December 2004). "Seoul charges suspect in North Korea kidnapping case". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/15/news/15iht-korea_ed3__0.html?scp=40. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  6. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (19 March 2009). "North Korea Said to Detain 2 U.S. Journalists". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00E3D6173FF93AA25750C0A96F9C8B63. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  7. ^ "North Korea Pardons US Reporters". BBC News. 4 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8184583.stm. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  8. ^ Stone Fish, Isaac (20 June 2011). "North Korea's Addicting Export: Crystal Meth". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. http://pulitzercenter.org/projects/china-meth-north-korea-addicting-export. Retrieved 2011-06-27. 
  9. ^ Stone Fish, Isaac (19 June 2011). "North Korea's Meth Export". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/2011/06/19/north-korea-s-meth-export.html. Retrieved 2011-06-27. 
  10. ^ a b c d Demick, Barbara. "Nothing Left: Is North Korea finally facing collapse?". The New Yorker (Condé Nast) (12 & 19 July 2010): 44–49. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/07/12/100712fa_fact_demick. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  11. ^ a b Akaha, Tsuneo; Vassilieva, Anna (2005). Crossing National Borders: Human migration issues in Northeast Asia. United Nations University Press. p. 171. ISBN 9280811177. http://books.google.com/books?id=xrroO9pxJxcC&lpg=PA189. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  12. ^ Xinhua (18 February 2010). "Powerful quake hits near China-Russia border". China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2010-02/18/content_9473518.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  13. ^ "延边朝鲜族自治州-行政区划网 www.xzqh.org" (in Simplified Chinese). xzqh.org. http://www.xzqh.org/html/list/93.html. Retrieved 2011-04-28. 
  14. ^ a b c Bergsten, C. Fred (2003). The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy. US: Peterson Institute. p. 106. ISBN 0881323586. http://books.google.com/books?id=3twZUkqE5NkC&lpg=PA106&dq=Yanji%20history&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q=Yanji%20history&f=false. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  15. ^ Lankov, Andrei (16 August 2007). "The Gentle Decline of the 'Third Korea'". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/IH16Ad01.html. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Evans, Thammy (2006). Great Wall of China: Beijing & Northern China. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 118. ISBN 1841621587. http://books.google.com/books?id=C5w9M8n9_a8C&lpg=PA118&dq=Yanji&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q=Yanji&f=false. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  17. ^ a b c Legerton, Colin; Rawson, Jacob (2009). Invisible China: A Journey Through Ethnic Borderlands. Chicago Review Press. p. 44. ISBN 1556528140. http://books.google.com/books?id=wfOyL9jd0MUC&lpg=PA48. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  18. ^ "Shanghai's permanent population approaches 20 mln". People's Daily Online. 20 February 2010. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90782/90872/6897139.html. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  19. ^ a b c Fung, Alan (4 October 2003). "A slice of Korea in China". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/EJ04Dg01.html. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  20. ^ a b Steven R., Weisman; Onishi, Norimitsu (16 October 2006). "Rice to Press China to Enforce North Korean Sanctions". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/15/washington/16koreacnd.html. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  21. ^ Montgomery, John D.; Inkeles, Alex (2001). Social Capital as a Policy Resource. Springer. p. 54. ISBN 0792372735. http://books.google.com/books?id=KkxbZSPGf4wC&lpg=PA54&dq=Yanji&pg=PA54. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  22. ^ a b Wu, Fulong (2006). Globalization and the Chinese City. Psychology Press. p. 35. ISBN 0415351995. http://books.google.com/books?id=SHUfonegw_4C&lpg=PA35&dq=Yanji&pg=PA35. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  23. ^ "Yanji fair promotes northern tourism". China Daily. 22 July 2008. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/2008-07/22/content_6865962.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-23. 
  24. ^ "Tumen River Area International Investment & Business Forum". China Daily. 2004. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-06/30/content_344260.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  25. ^ Liu Mingtai (22 October 2009). "Seven million vote in bid to find ‘Top Eight’ tourism sites". China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/usa/2009-10/22/content_11006621.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  26. ^ "Safe water to drink is a major concern for Jilin". China Daily. 12 October 2006. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2006-10/12/content_706252.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  27. ^ a b "Yanbian University: A Brief Introduction". Yanbian University. http://www.ybu.edu.cn/index.php?id=247. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  28. ^ Xinhua (2008). "Zhang Dejiang, Chinese vice-premier". China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008npc/2008-03/17/content_6543111.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  29. ^ "Politburo: Zhang Dejiang". China Daily. 2007. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-10/23/content_6223286.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  30. ^ "Yanbian University of Science & Technology". YUST. 2005. http://www.yust.edu/en/. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  31. ^ International Association of Universities (2009). World List of Universities (18 ed.). University of Michigan (MacMillan). p. 96. ISBN 0333474880. http://books.google.com/books?id=T6jkAAAAMAAJ&q=Yanji&dq=Yanji&hl=en&ei=lx3sTN32IoP78AbV06CMAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBDiWAQ. Retrieved 2010-11-22. 
  32. ^ "Stadiums in China". World Stadiums.com. 2007. http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/china.shtml. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  33. ^ "Torch Relay: Planned Route". Beijing2008.cn. http://torchrelay.beijing2008.cn/en/journey/. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  34. ^ "Olympic torch relay in Yanji concludes". Beijing2008.cn. 2008. http://torchrelay.beijing2008.cn/en/video/city/yanji-en/index.shtml. Retrieved 2010-11-21. 
  35. ^ "World record ball-juggling made in China". China Daily. 11 July 2010. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/photo/2010-07/11/content_10091585.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-23. 
  36. ^ Foster, Simon; Lin-Liu, Jen (2010). Frommer's China. Frommer's. p. 207. ISBN 0470526580. http://books.google.com/books?id=1DqjMGlyY5QC&pg=PA207. Retrieved 2010-11-25. 
  37. ^ "Party in his mouth". China Daily. 26 May 2007. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2007-05/26/content_880804.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-23. 
  38. ^ "Yanbian Box". InvAsian. http://www.invasianmagazine.com/music/yanbian-box.html. Retrieved 2010-11-23. 

[edit] External links

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