Archibald Peake: Difference between revisions
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|order=25th [[Premier of South Australia]]<br>Elections: [[South Australian state election, 1910|1910]], [[South Australian state election, 1912|1912]], [[South Australian state election, 1915|1915]], [[South Australian state election, 1918|1918]] |
|order=25th [[Premier of South Australia]]<br>Elections: [[South Australian state election, 1910|1910]], [[South Australian state election, 1912|1912]], [[South Australian state election, 1915|1915]], [[South Australian state election, 1918|1918]] |
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|term_start1= |
|term_start1=June 5, 1909 |
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|term_end1= |
|term_end1=June 3, 1910 |
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|term_start2= |
|term_start2=February 17, 1912 |
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|term_end2= |
|term_end2=April 3, 1915 |
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|term_start3= |
|term_start3=July 14, 1917 |
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|term_end3= |
|term_end3=April 8, 1920 |
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|predecessor1=[[Thomas Price]] |
|predecessor1=[[Thomas Price]] |
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|successor1=[[John Verran]] |
|successor1=[[John Verran]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*Grainger, G. Peake, Archibald Henry (1859 - 1920), ''[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A110181b.htm Australian Dictionary of Biography]'', Volume 11, Melbourne University Press, 1988, pp |
*Grainger, G. Peake, Archibald Henry (1859 - 1920), ''[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A110181b.htm Australian Dictionary of Biography]'', Volume 11, Melbourne University Press, 1988, pp 175–177. |
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*{{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=Archibald Henry|Last=Peake|Link=http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/0-dict-biogP-Q.html}} |
*{{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=Archibald Henry|Last=Peake|Link=http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/0-dict-biogP-Q.html}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Price]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Premier of South Australia]]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Premier of South Australia]]|years=1909– 1910}} |
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{{s-aft|after= [[John Verran]]}} |
{{s-aft|after= [[John Verran]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[John Verran]]}} |
{{s-bef|before=[[John Verran]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Premier of South Australia]]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Premier of South Australia]]|years=1912– 1915}} |
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{{s-aft|after= [[Crawford Vaughan]]}} |
{{s-aft|after= [[Crawford Vaughan]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Crawford Vaughan]]}} |
{{s-bef|before=[[Crawford Vaughan]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Premier of South Australia]]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Premier of South Australia]]|years=1917– 1920}} |
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{{s-aft|after= [[Henry Barwell]]}} |
{{s-aft|after= [[Henry Barwell]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Liberal and Democratic Union]]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Liberal and Democratic Union]]|years=1906– 1910}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Liberal Union (Australia)|Liberal Union]]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Liberal Union (Australia)|Liberal Union]]|years=1910– 1920}} |
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{{s-aft|after= [[Henry Barwell]]}} |
{{s-aft|after= [[Henry Barwell]]}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Peake, Archibald Henry}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peake, Archibald Henry}} |
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[[Category:Premiers of South Australia]] |
[[Category:Premiers of South Australia]] |
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[[Category:1859 births]] |
[[Category:1859 births]] |
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[[Category:1920 deaths]] |
[[Category:1920 deaths]] |
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Revision as of 05:34, 29 November 2009
Archibald Peake | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 25th Premier of South Australia Elections: 1910, 1912, 1915, 1918 | |
| In office June 5, 1909 – June 3, 1910 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Price |
| Succeeded by | John Verran |
| In office February 17, 1912 – April 3, 1915 | |
| Preceded by | John Verran |
| Succeeded by | Crawford Vaughan |
| In office July 14, 1917 – April 8, 1920 | |
| Preceded by | Crawford Vaughan |
| Succeeded by | Henry Barwell |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Liberal and Democratic Union, Liberal Union |
Archibald Henry Peake (15 January 1859 – 6 April 1920) was an Australian politician and Premier of South Australia.
Early Life and career
Peake's family migrated from Chelsea, London in 1862, initially settled in Victoria, before moving to South Australia two years later. Peake was educated at state schools under his father, but in later life widened his education by studying in English history and literature. He entered the service of the district council of Narracoorte, became district clerk in 1878. In 1893 he contested Albert in an election for the House of Assembly and was beaten by 50 votes, but four years later won the seat by two votes. He resigned his position as district clerk when he entered politics, and afterwards was in business at Mount Barker as a member of the firm of auctioneers, Monks and Peake.
Parliamentarian
Peake was elected to Parliament as the Member for Albert representing Narracorte. After his election, Peake was at first an independent supporting the Liberal Governments of Charles Kingston and Frederick Holder. He became disillusioned with the Government of John Jenkins leading him to become leader of a group of 15 members under the Liberal banner.
Peake's group joined the Labor Government of Thomas Price in a coalition with Peake holding the positions of Treasurer and Attorney General after they won a six-seat majority. As Treasurer, he delivered three surplus budgets in a row as agricultural conditions improved.
In the 1906 election, Labor came close to a majority in their own right. However, Peake and his party resisted a change to the arrangements and it was only his good relationships with Price that held the coalition together. Peake had formed the Liberal and Democratic Union which had a network of branches in 1906.
Premier
After Price's death, the Labor Party demanded the Premier position for its new leader John Verran. Peake refused and was able to form a Government which lasted for a year. The Liberal and Democratic Union relied on support from the conservative Australasian National League and the Farmers' and Producers' Political Union with representatives of both parties joining the Government.
Following the Labor victory in the 1910 state election, the Liberal and Democratic Union merged with the conservative parties to form the Liberal Union under Peake's leadership. It was affiliated with the Commonwealth Liberal Party at the Federal level. Peake was elected as Premier at the 1912 election as Verran's Government had been unable to deal with a number of significant industrial disputes.
Peake's Government created the Industrial Arbitration Court which established a minimum wage for state awards but limited the right to strike. During his premiership, he reached agreement with the Federal, New South Wales and Victorian Governments over the Murray River leading to the River Murray Commission which is now the Murray-Darling Basin Commission. Peake was a teetotaller Presbyterian who held a plebiscite establishing six o'clock closing for hotels in 1915 which became the law in South Australia for the next fifty years.
Peake lost to the Labor Party under Crawford Vaughan at the 1915 election and lost his seat. However, he was elected as Member for Alexandra and became Leader of the Opposition. Vaughan lost his majority after the Labor Party split over conscription. Peake became Premier of a coalition government of Liberals and Nationalist Party of Australia members.
This government reformed apprenticeship arrangements and reformed divorce laws. It won a solid majority at the 1918 election and established soldier settlements. However, the Nationalists crossed the floor to amend the Industrial Code Bill in concert with the ALP leading Peake to demand their full support. They refused leading Peake to form a totally Liberal Government. However, he died of a cerebral haemorrhage hours after the new Ministry was sworn in.
References
- Grainger, G. Peake, Archibald Henry (1859 - 1920), Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 11, Melbourne University Press, 1988, pp 175–177.
- Serle, Percival (1949). "Peake, Archibald Henry". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
External links
- Archibald Peake profile on SA Parliament website
