Safi, Morocco: Difference between revisions
→Etymology: There you go, exactly how it is written in the Arabic version of the wiki page, but translated to English. This includes your Al-Idrisi explanation as well as the other major explanations of the naming. This is done to ensure all explanations receive their correct attention. Otherwise, we will have to take this to the Administrator Intervention Against Vandalism. Tag: Reverted |
Undid revision 1230228042 by ElijahOF (talk) All you've done was create random headings with broken citations. Revert again and I'll have no choice but to report you for violating WP:3RR. |
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'''Safi''' or '''Asfi''' ({{lang-ar|آسفي|ʾāsafī}}) is a city in western [[Morocco]] on the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It is the capital of [[Safi Province|Asfi Province]]. It recorded a population of 308,508 in the [[2014 Moroccan census]].<ref name=census2014/> The city was occupied by the [[Portuguese Empire]] from 1488 to 1541, was the center of Morocco's [[weaving]] industry, and became a ''fortaleza'' of the Portuguese Crown in 1508.<ref>{{cite book | title = A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668 | last = Newitt | first = Malyn | publisher = Routledge | date = November 5, 2004 | page = 66 | isbn = 9781134553044 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HDODAgAAQBAJ }}</ref> Safi is the main fishing port for the country's [[sardine]] industry, and also exports [[phosphate]]s, textiles and [[Pottery|ceramics]]. During the [[Second World War]], Safi was the site of [[Operation Blackstone]], one of the landing sites for [[Operation Torch]]. |
'''Safi''' or '''Asfi''' ({{lang-ar|آسفي|ʾāsafī}}) is a city in western [[Morocco]] on the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It is the capital of [[Safi Province|Asfi Province]]. It recorded a population of 308,508 in the [[2014 Moroccan census]].<ref name=census2014/> The city was occupied by the [[Portuguese Empire]] from 1488 to 1541, was the center of Morocco's [[weaving]] industry, and became a ''fortaleza'' of the Portuguese Crown in 1508.<ref>{{cite book | title = A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668 | last = Newitt | first = Malyn | publisher = Routledge | date = November 5, 2004 | page = 66 | isbn = 9781134553044 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HDODAgAAQBAJ }}</ref> Safi is the main fishing port for the country's [[sardine]] industry, and also exports [[phosphate]]s, textiles and [[Pottery|ceramics]]. During the [[Second World War]], Safi was the site of [[Operation Blackstone]], one of the landing sites for [[Operation Torch]]. |
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==Etymology== |
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== Ptolemy the Claudian == |
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11th-century geographer [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]] gave an explanation to the origin the name "Aasafi" as he linked it to the Arabic word "Asaf" (regret); Asafi (my regret). He based this claim on a strange story about some sailors from [[al-Andalus]] who sailed to discover the other end of the Atlantic Ocean but got lost and landed on some island where the natives captured them and sent them back on their ships blindfolded. The ships eventually ended on the shores of "Safi" and locals helped the lost sailors and told them that they were two months away from their native land [[al-Andalus]]. Upon hearing this one of the sailors responded by saying: "Wa asafi" (Oh my regret). [[Al-Idrisi]] wrote that from that time the city carried the name "Aasafi".<ref>{{cite book|last=Arabian American Oil Company, Aramco Services Company, Saudi Aramco|title=Aramco world, Volumes 42-43|year=1991|publisher=Aramco|pages=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pkkgAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> |
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The origin of the name Safi is likely derived from the Berber language. According to the scholar and historian Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Abdi al-Kanuni, the earliest mention of the city of Safi was in the book Geography by Claudius Ptolemy in the first section of the second part of the known world, referred to as "Taisapha." It appears that the name has Berber roots from the word "Asfo," pronounced by some as "Asfi," meaning light or bright. The city may have been named due to the lighthouses built on the shores to guide ships in their navigation.<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف=الجمعية المغربية للتأليف والترجمة والنشر|عنوان=معلمة المغرب|ناشر=مطابع سلا|سنة=1989|صفحة=427}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف=kitabweb-2013.forumaroc.net|مسار=http://archive.org/details/asafi-kanouni|عنوان=آسفي و ما إليه قديما و حديثا - محمد بن أحمد العبدي الكانوني|لغة=Arabic}}</ref> |
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== Abu Ubayd al-Bakri == |
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The first mention of the city in Islamic sources is found in the book Routes and Realms by the geographer Abu Ubayd al-Bakri. He explicitly states that the name of the city Safi is derived from the Berber word "Asif," meaning a temporary watercourse. Indeed, a stream known as Wadi Shaaba still runs through the city and flows into it. Ahmad Toufiq similarly states that the name is Berber, meaning river mouth, and in the Mozabite dialect, a water basin filled by a waterwheel is called "Asfi."<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف=بالوز محمد بن عبد المجيد, محسن مصطفى|عنوان=صفحات من تاريخ مدينة آسفي|ناشر=جمعية البحث و التوثيق و النشر|طبعة=2004|صفحة=14}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف=أحمد التوفيق|عنوان=دراسات تاريخية وحضارية : أعمال الملتقى الفكري الأول لمدينة أسفي|ناشر=المجلس البلدي لمدينة أسفي|سنة=1989|صفحة=72}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد ويب|عنوان=كتاب المسالك والممالك للبكري - المكتبة الشاملة|مسار=https://shamela.ws/book/23849|تاريخ الوصول=2023-09-19|موقع=shamela.ws|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714144143/https://shamela.ws/book/23849|تاريخ أرشيف=2023-07-14}}</ref> |
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== Al-Idrisi == |
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In his book Nuzhat al-Mushtaq, Al-Idrisi connects the origin of the name to a story of young adventurers who set out from Lisbon and sailed the dark sea until they reached the location of the city of Safi. When a group of Berbers saw them and learned of their ordeal, their leader exclaimed "Wa Asfi" in sympathy for what they endured, and thus the place was named "Asfi."<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف=الإدريسي|مؤلف1-الأول=أبي عبد الله محمد بن محمد/الشريف|مسار=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=qJzODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%86&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-x9bwirKBAxWdRaQEHXS-Bpo4FBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%86&f=false|عنوان=نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق|تاريخ=2020-01-01|ناشر=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|لغة=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122002856/https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=qJzODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%86&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-x9bwirKBAxWdRaQEHXS-Bpo4FBDoAXoECAgQAw|تاريخ أرشيف=2024-01-22|isbn=978-2-7451-6563-3|حالة المسار=live}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف=محمد،|مؤلف1-الأول=“ال”ادريسى، الشريف محمد بن|مسار=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=X6_DYlt8Fd8C&pg=PT49&dq=%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%89!+%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%8C+%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4l-iNx7GBAxV2QaQEHXCqBhkQ6AF6BAgHEAM&fbclid=IwAR1Y2MPpRrwJkVntimndgwCCWGtqKQFn2oz59kILOv0syzz-8gJs6J9nlFw#v=onepage&q=%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%89!%20%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%20%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%8C%20%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8&f=false|عنوان=صفة المغرب وارض السودان ومصر والاندلس: مأخوذة من كتاب نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الافاق|تاريخ=1864|ناشر=مطبعة بريل|لغة=fr|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209024559/https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=X6_DYlt8Fd8C&pg=PT49&dq=%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%89!+%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%8C+%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A7%D |
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== Climate == |
== Climate == |
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Revision as of 13:51, 21 June 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009) |
Safi
آسفي (Arabic) | |
|---|---|
 Safi city | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Safi Location in Morocco  Safi Safi (Africa) | |
| Coordinates: 32°17′N 9°14′W / 32.283°N 9.233°W | |
| Country |  Morocco |
| Region | Marrakesh-Safi |
| Province | Safi |
| Area | |
| • Total | 34 km2 (13 sq mi) |
| Population (2014)[1] | |
| • Total | 308,508 |
| • Rank | 13th in Morocco |
Safi or Asfi (Arabic: آسفي, romanized: ʾāsafī) is a city in western Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of Asfi Province. It recorded a population of 308,508 in the 2014 Moroccan census.[1] The city was occupied by the Portuguese Empire from 1488 to 1541, was the center of Morocco's weaving industry, and became a fortaleza of the Portuguese Crown in 1508.[2] Safi is the main fishing port for the country's sardine industry, and also exports phosphates, textiles and ceramics. During the Second World War, Safi was the site of Operation Blackstone, one of the landing sites for Operation Torch.
Etymology
11th-century geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi gave an explanation to the origin the name "Aasafi" as he linked it to the Arabic word "Asaf" (regret); Asafi (my regret). He based this claim on a strange story about some sailors from al-Andalus who sailed to discover the other end of the Atlantic Ocean but got lost and landed on some island where the natives captured them and sent them back on their ships blindfolded. The ships eventually ended on the shores of "Safi" and locals helped the lost sailors and told them that they were two months away from their native land al-Andalus. Upon hearing this one of the sailors responded by saying: "Wa asafi" (Oh my regret). Al-Idrisi wrote that from that time the city carried the name "Aasafi".[3]
Climate
Safi has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh).
| Climate data for Safi (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.7 (99.9) |
40.5 (104.9) |
45.8 (114.4) |
46.4 (115.5) |
46.5 (115.7) |
42.6 (108.7) |
38.3 (100.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
46.5 (115.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.7 (65.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.5 (63.5) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.2 (54.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
2.3 (36.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 55.8 (2.20) |
48.2 (1.90) |
41.2 (1.62) |
24.5 (0.96) |
14.8 (0.58) |
3.2 (0.13) |
0.6 (0.02) |
0.2 (0.01) |
5.0 (0.20) |
41.6 (1.64) |
68.7 (2.70) |
62.2 (2.45) |
366.0 (14.41) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 38.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 219.3 | 211.7 | 258.0 | 284.7 | 318.8 | 303.9 | 320.3 | 306.2 | 267.6 | 246.0 | 220.3 | 208.9 | 3,165.7 |
| Source 1: NCEI (sun, 1981-2010)[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA[5] | |||||||||||||
History
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (November 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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| You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (November 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Safi, under the name Safim (Zaffim or Asfi), is one of the oldest cities in Morocco. According to historian Mohammed al-Kanuni, Safi must be identified with the ancient Thymiaterium or Carcunticus[citation needed] and was founded by the Carthaginian Hanno during his Periplus as related by Pliny the Elder.[6]
Under the Almohads it functioned as an important port to the capital Marrakesh.
The city was under Portuguese rule from 1488 to 1541; it is believed that they abandoned it to the Saadians (who were at war with them), since the city proved difficult to defend from land attacks. The Portuguese fortress built to protect the city is still there today.
After 1541, the city played a major role in Morocco as one of the safest and biggest seaports in the country. Many ambassadors to the Saadian and Alaouite kings during the 16th–18th centuries came to Morocco via Safi; its proximity to Marrakech, then capital of Morocco, helped expand the maritime trade in the city.
Louis De Chénier, consul of the French court in Morocco in 1767, reported that the city was the only usable seaport at the time.
A French Navy captive, Bidé de Maurville, who wrote the account of his stay in Morocco in his 1765 book Relations de l'affaire de Larache, reported the presence of an important number of foreign trading houses in the city: Dutch, Danish, British and French.
After the Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah built the city of Mogador (modern-day Essaouira), he banned foreign trade in all Moroccan ports except in his newly built city. Consequently, Safi stopped playing a leading role in the Moroccan trade.
Safi's patron saint is Abu Mohammed Salih.
In 1942 as part of Operation Torch, American forces attacked Safi in Operation Blackstone. During November 8-10, 1942 the Americans took control over Safi and its port and took relatively few casualties compared to the other operations at Casablanca and at Port Mehdia.
Population
The inhabitants are composed of Berber and Arab descendants.
The Berber origin is related to:
- The Berbers who lived in the region before the foundation of the city.
- The Berbers who came later from the Sous plains, south of the region.
The Arab origin is related to two tribes:[7]
- Abda: They descend from Banu Hilal and have hugtalled in the region in the twelfth century and spawned : Bhatra and Rabiaa.
- Ahmar: They descend from Maqil.
Safi also used to have a large Jewish community, more than 20% of the population,[citation needed] many of whom subsequently emigrated to France, Canada and Israel.
Economy
In the early 20th century, the Moroccan potter Boujemâa Lamali established a pottery school in Safi, supported by the colonial administration. Since then pottery has been a mainstay of Safi's economy. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic there were 2,000 registered artisans working in the city's 212 workshops, and thousands more unregistered artisans.[8]
Sport
Football and rugby are popular sports in Safi. The local football team Olympic Safi have been competing in Morocco's premier football division, Botola, since 2004.
The Rugby Union team of the same name is one of Morocco's best, having won the "Coupe du Trône" several times. There also is a little Tennis Sport Club with a couple of fields (following the high road, beyond the Colline des Poitiers).
The European Cemetery
There is an abandoned European Cemetery in Safi. Some of the marble decorations have been stolen from the richest tombs, including: Russian, Portuguese, Spanish (e.g. the Do Carmo family), Italian (e.g. the Bormioli family), French (e.g., the Chanel family), German and other European nationals. Some engravings identifying or memorializing the deceased have also been stolen. Although there are 19th century tombs present, most are of pre-independence (1956) 20th century origin.[citation needed]
Notable people
- Nadiya El Hani, Moroccan Journalist and Data Analyst.
- Mehdi Aissaoui, Moroccan Actor.[9]
- Meir Ben-Shabbat, Israel's National Security Adviser and Chief of Staff for National Security.[10] -->
- Edmond Amran El Maleh, Moroccan writer
- Mohamed Bajeddoub, Andalusian classical music singer
- Mohamed Benhima, former Prime Minister of Morocco, Minister of Education and Minister of the Interior.
- Brahim Boulami & Khalid Boulami, Moroccan Athlete
- Driss Benhima, CEO of Royal Air Maroc and president of Hawd Assafi, Safi-based non-profit organization
- Samy Elmaghribi, Moroccan musician
- Michel Galabru, French actor
- Ahmed Ghayby, member of the Moroccan football federation and president of Olympic Safi
- Abderrahim Goumri, Moroccan long-distance runner
- Zakaria El Masbahi, Moroccan basketball player
- Haja Hamounia, traditional chanteuse of Bedouin song
- Mohamed Mjid, former longtime president of the Royal Moroccan Tennis Federation
- Aharon Nahmias, Israeli politician
- Abu Mohammed Salih, 12th century religious leader
- Mohamed Reggab: film director
- Uri Sebag: Israeli politician
- Abraham Ben Zmirro: 15th century rabbi
- Abderrazak Hamdallah, professional footballer
- Yahia Attiyat Allah, professional footballer
See also
Gallery
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References
- ^ a b "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014" (in Arabic and French). High Commission for Planning, Morocco. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
- ^ Newitt, Malyn (November 5, 2004). A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 9781134553044.
- ^ Arabian American Oil Company, Aramco Services Company, Saudi Aramco (1991). Aramco world, Volumes 42-43. Aramco. p. 12.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010: Safi". National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "Safi Climate Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
- ^ Vincent J. Cornell, Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism, p. 326
- ^ MENNIS, Allal. "Safi ville.com". www.safi-ville.com.
- ^ "Why are Morocco's famed artisans paving roads in the desert?". The Economist. 2021-06-12. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2021-06-13.
- ^ "Mehdi Aissaoui". IMDb. Retrieved Jan 5, 2021.
- ^ "Cabinet approves Meir Ben Shabbat as national security adviser". Ynetnews. Nov 12, 2017. Retrieved Jan 5, 2021.
External links
- Entry in Lexicorient
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 998, 999.
32°17′N 9°14′W / 32.283°N 9.233°W
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