Jump to content

Hollywood North: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Canada: The only places that call Toronto "Hollywood N" are the TO mayor and the TO media. Self promotion ought not to be included. The TO film industry is primarily govt gift, not Hlywd related.
Tag: blanking
ClueBot (talk | contribs)
1,596,818 edits
m Reverting possible vandalism by 70.66.89.51 to version by Ianrosenberg1. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot. (598769) (Bot)
Line 4: Line 4:


==Canada==
==Canada==
The term "Hollywood North", with regards to [[Vancouver]] has been in use as far back as 1981<ref>{{cite news|first=Judy|last=Steed|title=Pay Television|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=8 September 1981|page= 7}}</ref> and is the title of the book ''Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia''.<ref name="gasher">{{cite book| last = Gasher | first = Mike | title = Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia | publisher = University of British Columbia Press | year = 2002 | location = Vancouver | isbn = 0-7748-0967-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siegelproductions.ca/filmfanatics/hollywood.htm|title=Hollywood|publisher=Lois Siegel|accessdate=2006-12-24}}</ref>
The term "Hollywood North", with regards to [[Canada]] has been in use as far back as 1981<ref>{{cite news|first=Judy|last=Steed|title=Pay Television|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=8 September 1981|page= 7}}</ref> and is the title of the book ''Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia''.<ref name="gasher">{{cite book| last = Gasher | first = Mike | title = Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia | publisher = University of British Columbia Press | year = 2002 | location = Vancouver | isbn = 0-7748-0967-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siegelproductions.ca/filmfanatics/hollywood.htm|title=Hollywood|publisher=Lois Siegel|accessdate=2006-12-24}}</ref> While the term is predominantly used in relation to [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]<ref name="VFSH">{{cite web|url=http://www.vancouverfilmstudios.com/history.html|title=History of Vancouver Film Studios|publisher=Vancouver Film Studios|accessdate=2007-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.cbc.ca/search?ie=&site=CBC&output=xml_no_dtd&client=CBC&lr=&getfields=description&proxystylesheet=CBC&oe=&searchWeb=cbc&q=Hollywood+North|title=CBC: Searched for 'Hollywood North'|publisher=CBC News|accessdate=2007-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.ca/search?hl=en&q=%22Hollywood+North+Vancouver%22&btnG=Google+Search&meta=|title="Hollywood North Vancouver"|publisher=Google Inc.|accessdate=2007-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/1999/07/12/bcfilm990712.html|title='Hollywood North' to grow again|publisher=CBC News|date= November 10, 2000|accessdate=2007-01-02}}</ref> and increasingly in recent years to [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]],<ref name="Accessing City Hall">{{cite web|url=http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/0/a196b48a551afa4285256df600461208?OpenDocument|title=New numbers confirm Toronto's rank as Hollywood North|publisher=City of Toronto|accessdate=2007-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2004/03/09/quickhits090304.html|title=SARS costs for 'Hollywood North' and more|publisher=CBC News |date= March 9, 2004|accessdate=2007-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.ca/search?hl=en&safe=off&q=%22Hollywood+North+Toronto%22&btnG=Search&meta=|title="Hollywood North Toronto"|publisher=Google Inc.|accessdate=2007-01-01}}</ref> it is now common for the term to be used to describe the entire Canadian film industry.<ref name="SCR">{{cite web|url=http://www41.statcan.ca/3955/ceb3955_003_e.htm|title=Hollywood North: The Canadian film industry|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=2006-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/10/12/filmmaking041012.html|title=U.S. tax change may affect 'Hollywood North'|publisher=CBC News|date=October 12, 2004|accessdate=2007-01-02}}</ref>


===Vancouver===<!-- This section is linked from [[Vancouver]] -->
===Vancouver===<!-- This section is linked from [[Vancouver]] -->
Line 17: Line 17:


Several books outline the evolution of the Vancouver production community, including ''Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia'',<ref name="gasher"/> ''Dreaming in the Rain: How Vancouver Became Hollywood North by Northwest'',<ref name="spaner">{{cite book| last = Spaner | first = David | title = Dreaming in the Rain: How Vancouver Became Hollywood North by Northwest | publisher = [[Arsenal Pulp Press]] | year = 2004| location = Vancouver | isbn = 1551521296}}</ref> and ''Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia: An article from: Business History Review''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Trumpbour|first=John|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BED20U/|title=Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia: An article from: Business History Review|publisher=Harvard Business School|date=September 30, 2003|accessdate=2006-12-24}}</ref>
Several books outline the evolution of the Vancouver production community, including ''Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia'',<ref name="gasher"/> ''Dreaming in the Rain: How Vancouver Became Hollywood North by Northwest'',<ref name="spaner">{{cite book| last = Spaner | first = David | title = Dreaming in the Rain: How Vancouver Became Hollywood North by Northwest | publisher = [[Arsenal Pulp Press]] | year = 2004| location = Vancouver | isbn = 1551521296}}</ref> and ''Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia: An article from: Business History Review''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Trumpbour|first=John|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BED20U/|title=Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia: An article from: Business History Review|publisher=Harvard Business School|date=September 30, 2003|accessdate=2006-12-24}}</ref>

===Toronto===
[[Image:Hollywood North Movie.jpg|thumb|right|The 2004 film ''[[Hollywood North (film)|Hollywood North]]'']]
:''See also: [[:Category:Films shot in Toronto]], [[:Category:Toronto television series]]''

Hollywood's first joint effort with the Toronto acting and production scene was in 1957,{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}} when the television series ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' was shot and produced in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.members.tripod.com/~JohnHart/starhawk.htm|title= Steve Jensen's Toronto Star archives for ''Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans'' (1956-1957)|accessdate=2007-09-18}}</ref> Since 1985, Toronto has associated itself with the nickname 'Hollywood North', which originally designated Vancouver only.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB2996E78DA21BB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Toronto has Earned a New Title|publisher=Philadelphia Inquirer|date=May 26, 1985|accessdate=2007-02-13}}</ref> Toronto ranks third in film and television production in North America<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/worldmap/cg/news.asp|title=The news from home|publisher=[[Canadian Geographic]]|accessdate=2007-02-09}}</ref> and ranks second as an exporter of television programming in [[North America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toronto.ca/toronto_facts/art_culture.htm|title=Toronto Facts|publisher=City of Toronto|accessdate=2007-01-14}}</ref>. Toronto is the home base for [[Alliance Atlantis]], the largest distibution company in Canada,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/47/47787.html|title=Alliance Atlantis Communications Inc. Company Profile|publisher=Yahoo.com|accessdate=2007-02-10}}</ref>, which distributes films and television across all of North America and parts of [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.busadm.mu.edu/aim/documents/AIM_Advisory_Board_Meeting_Sept_21_2006.pdf|format=PDF|title=Marquette University (AIM) Program|publisher=Marquette university|accessdate=2007-02-10}}</ref> Toronto is also the headquarters of [[Nelvana]], the largest animation company in Canada and one of the largest animation/children's entertainment studios in the world.

[[Filmport]] is a major [[film studio]] project in [[Toronto]], [[Canada]].<ref name=FILMPORTA>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodnorthreport.com/article.php?Article=5146 |title= (www.hollywoodnorthreport.com) "Ontario Liberals Boosting Film/ TV Tax Credits."|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> It is the largest purpose-built film studio in the city, capable of accommodating large blockbuster movies that previously could not film in Toronto.<ref name=FILMPORTB>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmport.ca/ |title=Official site: FILMPORT|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref><ref name=FILMPORTC>{{cite web|url=http://torontoist.com/2007/07/filmport.php |title=Torontoist: "Curtain Rising On New Film Megastudio."|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref><ref name=FILMPORTJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.toronto.ca/tobusiness/2007-august.htm#story6 |title= Toronto Economic Development Corporation: "FILMPORT to include largest sound-stage in North America."|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref>

The Toronto Film and Television Office reported that in 2005 some 200 productions were completed in Toronto: 39 features, and 44 movies made for television, 84 television series, 11 television specials, and 22 MOW's (movies of the week).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toronto.ca/tfto/pdf/stats_2000_to_2005.pdf|title=TFTO Statistical Chart|format = PDF|publisher=City of Toronto|accessdate=2007-01-14}}</ref> The Toronto Film and Television Office issued 4,154 location filming permits for 1,258 projects totalling 7,319 days of shooting.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.toronto.ca/tfto/stats.htm|title=A snapshot: film, television, commercial and music video production in Toronto|publisher=City of Toronto|accessdate=2007-01-15}}</ref> Ontario is the only Canadian province to have an office in Los Angeles: the Toronto Ontario Film Office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/publication/pdf2006/review28/02_Minoru%20SUGAYA.pdf|title=The Development of Film Policy in Canada and Japan-Pg.11|format = PDF|publisher=Keio Communications|accessdate=2007-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aol.where.ca/toronto/feature/111/|title=The Right Move:Relocating to Toronto|publisher=AOL cityguide|accessdate=2007-01-15}}</ref>

In addition to being a productions centre, Toronto is the home to the [[Toronto International Film Festival]], which is "considered by many to be only second to [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]] in terms of influence".<ref>{{cite news|last=Tobias|first=Scott|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4513373.stm|title=Film Festival Guide |publisher=BBC NEWS|date=May, 2005|accessdate=2007-02-08}}</ref> It attracts numerous high-profile actors and film makers form around the globe to premiere their Films in Toronto and is generally considered the point to which the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] races begin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20040912/FILMFESTIVALS03/409120303|publisher=Roger Ebert.com|title=Toronto fires starter's gun for Oscar race|accessdate=2007-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-oneiltorontoroundup-18sep18,0,5735401.story?coll=env-home-headlines&track=mostviewed-storylevel|publisher=LA Times|title=Top Oscar rivals emerge from Toronto|date=September 18, 2006|first=Tom |last=O'Neil|accessdate=2007-02-09}}</ref>

[[Image:tiff02poster.jpg|thumb|Official poster of the 2002 [[Toronto International Film Festival]]]]

Toronto is home to [[Canada's Walk of Fame]], based on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]], albeit honouring notable Canadians.

Former Toronto Mayor [[Mel Lastman]] proclaimed Toronto as being "Hollywood North" in 2002,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/0/a196b48a551afa4285256df600461208?OpenDocument|title=New numbers confirm Toronto's rank as Hollywood North|publisher=Access Toronto|date=February 6, 2001|accessdate=2002-02-06}}</ref> the same year which Toronto's film and television production industry accounted for $1.16 billion towards the city's economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/2003/agendas/committees/edp/edp030324/it009.pdf|title=Toronto Staff Report|format = PDF|publisher=City of Toronto|accessdate=2003-02-27}}</ref> However, in 2006, film and TV spending in Ontario was only $888 million.<ref>[http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/business/story.html?id=a9ff5b13-6c29-4cd5-b30c-25be092ce384&k=88313&p=2 Foreign filmmakers flocking to B.C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Toronto's media outlets include [[CBC Television]], [[MTV]], [[MuchMusic]], [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]], and ''[[Entertainment Tonight Canada|Entertainment Tonight]]''. Toronto usually hosts the [[Gemini Awards]], and between 1970 and 2006, Toronto has hosted 28 of the 36 [[Juno Awards]].


==San Francisco and the Bay Area==
==San Francisco and the Bay Area==

Revision as of 00:09, 21 April 2010

This article is about the term "Hollywood North". For the film, see Hollywood North (film). For other uses, see Hollywood (disambiguation).

Hollywood North, an allusion to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, a notable film centre in the world, is a colloquialism used to describe film production industries and or film locations north of its namesake. The term has been applied principally to the film industry in Canada, specifically Vancouver and more recently Toronto. It has also been occasionally used to refer to several California locations north of the original Hollywood, including San Francisco[1] and the Silicon Valley.[2][3]

Canada

The term "Hollywood North", with regards to Canada has been in use as far back as 1981[4] and is the title of the book Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia.[5][6] While the term is predominantly used in relation to Vancouver, British Columbia[7][8][9][10] and increasingly in recent years to Toronto, Ontario,[11][12][13] it is now common for the term to be used to describe the entire Canadian film industry.[14][15]

Vancouver

See also: Category:Films shot in Vancouver, Category:Television series filmed in Vancouver, List of filming locations in the Vancouver area

Nicknamed "Hollywood North"[16], Vancouver has been used as a filmmaking location for nearly a century, beginning with The Cowpuncher's Glove and The Ship's Husband, both shot in 1910 by the Edison Manufacturing Company.[17] As a production centre for feature films shot in British Columbia, it has led Canada's other cities for feature films since 1999.[18][19][20] In 2002, 75% of all Canadian foreign productions were based in British Columbia and Ontario. That same year British Columbia led the country in foreign film production receiving 44% of the Canadian total.[14] Presently, Vancouver is North America's third-largest film centre,[21][22] just after Los Angeles and New York City.[23][24] It is second to Los Angeles in television production in the world.[25] Lions Gate Studios and Vancouver Film Studios are among the two largest special effects stages in Canada.[7][23] VFS being the largest production facility outside of Los Angeles[26]; Bridge Studios, in Burnaby, British Columbia, has one of the largest special effects stages in North America.[23] Mammoth Studios, a subsidiary of North Shore studios holds the largest film stages in the world, their largest at 123,883 sq feet (approximately 11,508 sq meters).[27]

The BC Film Commission reported that in 2005, more than 200 productions were completed in B.C.: 63 feature films, 31 television series, 37 movies-of-the-week, 15 television pilots, 5 miniseries, 20 documentaries, 16 short films and 24 animation projects.[28]. In 2006, spending on film and TV production in B.C. was $1.228 billion. .[29] The Late-2000s recession or sometimes referred to as the December 2007 Recession, hit the film industry financially on all levels. By March 2008, the British Columbia film industry dramatically recovered with film spending at $1.2 billion, with foreign-film production increasing 146 percent and domestic animation by 79 percent. In total, 86 foreign productions including 40 feature length films, were completed in 2008.[30] The city is also host to the Vancouver International Film Festival and the Vancouver Film and Television Forum.

Vancouver is 1,725 kilometres (1,072 miles) from Hollywood, a three hour airplane flight[31] or a twenty-four hour drive. This relative proximity coupled with government subsidies is a major factor in the growth of Vancouver's production industry.[32] Proximity reduces issues over operating hours, accessibility, travel time for principals, access to filmmaking infrastructure, and experience of crews. Another positive factor is that both Vancouver and Los Angeles are located in the same time zone (Pacific Time Zone).

Several books outline the evolution of the Vancouver production community, including Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia,[5] Dreaming in the Rain: How Vancouver Became Hollywood North by Northwest,[33] and Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia: An article from: Business History Review.[34]

Toronto

The 2004 film Hollywood North
See also: Category:Films shot in Toronto, Category:Toronto television series

Hollywood's first joint effort with the Toronto acting and production scene was in 1957,[citation needed] when the television series Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans was shot and produced in the city.[35] Since 1985, Toronto has associated itself with the nickname 'Hollywood North', which originally designated Vancouver only.[36] Toronto ranks third in film and television production in North America[37] and ranks second as an exporter of television programming in North America.[38]. Toronto is the home base for Alliance Atlantis, the largest distibution company in Canada,[39], which distributes films and television across all of North America and parts of Europe.[40] Toronto is also the headquarters of Nelvana, the largest animation company in Canada and one of the largest animation/children's entertainment studios in the world.

Filmport is a major film studio project in Toronto, Canada.[41] It is the largest purpose-built film studio in the city, capable of accommodating large blockbuster movies that previously could not film in Toronto.[42][43][44]

The Toronto Film and Television Office reported that in 2005 some 200 productions were completed in Toronto: 39 features, and 44 movies made for television, 84 television series, 11 television specials, and 22 MOW's (movies of the week).[45] The Toronto Film and Television Office issued 4,154 location filming permits for 1,258 projects totalling 7,319 days of shooting.[46] Ontario is the only Canadian province to have an office in Los Angeles: the Toronto Ontario Film Office.[47][48]

In addition to being a productions centre, Toronto is the home to the Toronto International Film Festival, which is "considered by many to be only second to Cannes in terms of influence".[49] It attracts numerous high-profile actors and film makers form around the globe to premiere their Films in Toronto and is generally considered the point to which the Oscar races begin.[50][51]

Official poster of the 2002 Toronto International Film Festival

Toronto is home to Canada's Walk of Fame, based on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, albeit honouring notable Canadians.

Former Toronto Mayor Mel Lastman proclaimed Toronto as being "Hollywood North" in 2002,[52] the same year which Toronto's film and television production industry accounted for $1.16 billion towards the city's economy.[53] However, in 2006, film and TV spending in Ontario was only $888 million.[54]

Toronto's media outlets include CBC Television, MTV, MuchMusic, YTV, and Entertainment Tonight. Toronto usually hosts the Gemini Awards, and between 1970 and 2006, Toronto has hosted 28 of the 36 Juno Awards.

San Francisco and the Bay Area

The City of San Francisco has been used as a shooting location at least as far back as Illustrated Photographs in Motion was filmed there in 1880. Several other early documentary films feature films have been shot there in the years since.[55] San Francisco and the Bay Area have had a vibrant filmmaking community ever since, hosting several notable filmmakers including George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Wayne Wang, Saul Zaentz, and their respective movie studios and production companies. San Francisco was also a favorite shooting location for master film director Alfred Hitchcock, who filmed The Birds[56] and Vertigo [57] in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Movie and special effects studios in the San Francisco Bay Area include George Lucas' Lucasfilm, visual effects masters Industrial Light & Magic, and Lucas' Skywalker Ranch, as well as Francis Ford Coppola's American Zoetrope, The Saul Zaentz Film Center in Berkeley, Matte World Digital, The Orphanage, Giant Killer Robots, Disney's and John Lasseter's Pixar animation studios, and PDI/Dreamworks.

Since 1957 San Francisco has been the home of the San Francisco International Film Festival, the longest-running and first international film festival on the North American continent.[58][59] The first San Francisco International Film Festival hosted films by Satyajit Ray, Luchino Visconti, and Michelangelo Antonioni among others.[59]

See also

References

  1. ^ San Francisco By Richard Sterling and Tom Downs ISBN 1741041546; ISBN 978-1741041545,Lonely Planet Publications
  2. ^ SiliconBeat: "George Lucas' Hollywood North" - Mercury News by Mary Anne Ostrom
  3. ^ SF Gate.com San Francisco Chronical - "Google Team sets sights on big screen" by Verne Kopytoff
  4. ^ Steed, Judy (8 September 1981). "Pay Television". The Globe and Mail. p. 7.
  5. ^ a b Gasher, Mike (2002). Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0967-1.
  6. ^ "Hollywood". Lois Siegel. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  7. ^ a b "History of Vancouver Film Studios". Vancouver Film Studios. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  8. ^ "CBC: Searched for 'Hollywood North'". CBC News. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  9. ^ ""Hollywood North Vancouver"". Google Inc. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  10. ^ "'Hollywood North' to grow again". CBC News. November 10, 2000. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  11. ^ "New numbers confirm Toronto's rank as Hollywood North". City of Toronto. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  12. ^ "SARS costs for 'Hollywood North' and more". CBC News. March 9, 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  13. ^ ""Hollywood North Toronto"". Google Inc. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  14. ^ a b "Hollywood North: The Canadian film industry". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  15. ^ "U.S. tax change may affect 'Hollywood North'". CBC News. October 12, 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  16. ^ Mike Gasher. Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2002. p. 8.
  17. ^ Ken MacIntyre. Reel Vancouver. Vancouver: Whitecap Books, 1996. p. 133.
  18. ^ "Foreign location production spending, British Columbia and Canada". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  19. ^ "Number of Productions 1993-2005" (PDF). BC Film Commission. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  20. ^ "Tax scare in Hollywood North". CBC News. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  21. ^ "Industry Profile". BC Film Commission. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  22. ^ "Film in BC, Canada". www.film.bc.ca. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  23. ^ a b c "BC Film Industry". Hollywood North FilmNet. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  24. ^ "Vancouver Film Industry". Canada.com. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  25. ^ "Some 'useless' facts about Vancouver". Vancouver dot Travel. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  26. ^ "Vancouver Film Industry Overview & Links". Vancouver.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  27. ^ "Mammoth Studios". North Shore Studios. 2009.
  28. ^ "Mayor's Office Release". City of Vancouver. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  29. ^ "?".
  30. ^ Smith, Charlie (March 9, 2009). "B.C. film production up almost 30 percent in 2008". Vancouver Free Press. Vancouver: The Georgia Straight. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
  31. ^ "Flights to Los Angeles (LAX) from Vancouver, Canada (YVR) on Mexicana". Orbitz, LLC. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  32. ^ "B.C. tries to build up Hollywood North". CBC News. November 13, 1998. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  33. ^ Spaner, David (2004). Dreaming in the Rain: How Vancouver Became Hollywood North by Northwest. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBN 1551521296.
  34. ^ Trumpbour, John (September 30, 2003). Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia: An article from: Business History Review. Harvard Business School. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
  35. ^ "Steve Jensen's Toronto Star archives for Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans (1956-1957)". Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  36. ^ "Toronto has Earned a New Title". Philadelphia Inquirer. May 26, 1985. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
  37. ^ "The news from home". Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
  38. ^ "Toronto Facts". City of Toronto. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  39. ^ "Alliance Atlantis Communications Inc. Company Profile". Yahoo.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  40. ^ "Marquette University (AIM) Program" (PDF). Marquette university. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  41. ^ "(www.hollywoodnorthreport.com) "Ontario Liberals Boosting Film/ TV Tax Credits."". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  42. ^ "Official site: FILMPORT". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  43. ^ "Torontoist: "Curtain Rising On New Film Megastudio."". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  44. ^ "Toronto Economic Development Corporation: "FILMPORT to include largest sound-stage in North America."". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  45. ^ "TFTO Statistical Chart" (PDF). City of Toronto. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  46. ^ "A snapshot: film, television, commercial and music video production in Toronto". City of Toronto. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  47. ^ "The Development of Film Policy in Canada and Japan-Pg.11" (PDF). Keio Communications. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  48. ^ "The Right Move:Relocating to Toronto". AOL cityguide. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  49. ^ Tobias, Scott (May, 2005). "Film Festival Guide". BBC NEWS. Retrieved 2007-02-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ "Toronto fires starter's gun for Oscar race". Roger Ebert.com. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
  51. ^ O'Neil, Tom (September 18, 2006). "Top Oscar rivals emerge from Toronto". LA Times. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
  52. ^ "New numbers confirm Toronto's rank as Hollywood North". Access Toronto. February 6, 2001. Retrieved 2002-02-06.
  53. ^ "Toronto Staff Report" (PDF). City of Toronto. Retrieved 2003-02-27.
  54. ^ Foreign filmmakers flocking to B.C
  55. ^ "Northern California Movies". Film in America. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  56. ^ "NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Filming Locations - The Birds". Film in America. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  57. ^ "NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Filming Locations - Vertigo". Film in America. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  58. ^ "About". San Francisco Film Society. 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  59. ^ a b Traude Gómez (2006). "HOW THE SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL STARTED". San Francisco Film Society. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hollywood_North&oldid=357309621"