Bodrum

Bodrum
Town
The port of Bodrum
Official logo of Bodrum City logo
Country	Turkey
Region	Aegean
Province	Muğla
Government
• Mayor	Mehmet Kocadon (Democrat Party)
Population  (2009)
• Total	118,237
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	48400
Area code	(0090)+ 252
Licence plate	48
Website	www.bodrum.bel.tr

Bodrum (from Petronium), formerly Halicarnassus, from Ancient Greek: Ἁλικαρνασσός, (Turkish: Halikarnas), is a Turkish port town in Muğla Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region of the country. It is located on the southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula, at a point that checks the entry into the Gulf of Gökova, and it faces the Greek island of Kos. Today, it is an international center of tourism and yachting. The city was called Halicarnassus of Caria in ancient times. The Mausoleum of Mausolus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was here.

Bodrum Castle, built by the Crusaders in the 15th century, overlooks the harbor and the International Marina. The castle grounds includes a Museum of Underwater Archeology and hosts several cultural festivals throughout the year.

Climate

Bodrum has a Mediterranean climate. A winter average high of 14 °C (57 °F) and in the summer 32 °C (90 °F), with very sunny spells. Summers are hot and humid and winters are mild and mostly sunny.

Geography

The region includes the municipalities of Bodrum, Turgutreis, Ortakent, Türkbükü, Yalıkavak, Gümüşlük, Bitez, Konacık, Yalı and Mumcular; and recent tourist-oriented developments were built or are being built across the district area. The peninsula extends across an exceptionally dry belt even when compared with its immediate neighbors. Low rainfall results in a constant shortage of potable water, an issue that became more critical lately, with an increasing population and more tourists.

Etymology

The name Bodrum derives from Petronium, named from the Hospitaller Castle of St Peter (see history). In Turkish, bodrum katı or bodrum also refers to a basement, cellar or dungeon.

History

See also Halicarnassus

Castle of the Knights of St. John in Bodrum.

The first recorded settlers in Bodrum region were the Carians and the harbor area was colonized by Dorian Greeks as of the 7th century BC. The city later fell under Persian rule. Under the Persians, it was the capital city of the satrapy of Caria, the region that had since long constituted its hinterland and of which it was the principal port. Its strategic location ensured that the city enjoyed considerable autonomy. Archaeological evidence from the period such as the recently discovered Salmakis (Kaplankalesi) Inscription, now in Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, attest to the particular pride its inhabitants had developed. A famous native was Herodotus, the Greek historian (484-420 BC).

Mausolus ruled Caria from here, nominally on behalf of the Persians and independent in practical terms for much of his reign between 377 to 353 BC. When he died in 353 BC, Artemisia II of Caria, who was both his sister and his widow, employed the ancient Greek architects Satyros and Pythis, and the four sculptors Bryaxis, Scopas, Leochares and Timotheus to build a monument, as well as a tomb, for him. The word "mausoleum" derives from the structure of this tomb. It was a temple-like structure decorated with reliefs and statuary on a massive base. It stood for 1700 years and was finally destroyed by earthquakes. Today only the foundations and a few pieces of sculpture remain.

Alexander the Great laid siege to the city after his arrival in Carian lands and, together with his ally, the queen Ada of Caria, captured it after heavy fighting.

Crusader Knights arrived in 1402 and used the remains of the Mauseoleum as a quarry to build the still impressively standing Bodrum Castle (Castle of Saint Peter), which is also particular in being one of the last examples of Crusader architecture in the East.

Bodrum marina.

The Knights Hospitaller of Rhodes were given the permission to build it by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed I, after Tamerlane had destroyed their previous fortress located in Izmir's inner bay. The castle and its town became known as Petronium, whence the modern name Bodrum derives.

In 1522, Suleyman the Magnificent conquered the base of the Crusader knights on the island of Rhodes, who then withdrew to Malta, leaving the Castle of Saint Peter and Bodrum to the Ottoman Empire.

Economy

A market in Bodrum.

Bodrum was a quiet town of fishermen and sponge divers until the mid-20th century, although, as Mansur points out, the presence of a large community of bilingual Cretan Turks, coupled with the conditions of free trade and access with the islands of the Southern Dodecanese until 1935 saved it from utter provincialism. That traditional agriculture was not a very rewarding activity in the rather dry peninsula also prevented the formation of a class of large landowners. Bodrum has no notable history of political or religious extremism either. A first nucleus of intellectuals started to form after the 1950s around the writer Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı, who had first come here in exile two decades before and was charmed by the town to the point of adopting the pen name Halikarnas Balıkçısı ('The Fisherman of Halicarnassus').

In fact, Bodrum was popularized among Turkey's educated classes by this group of key intellectuals. Since then, Bodrum has constantly endeavored to attract people with artistic backgrounds, encouraging them to choose the region as a location for their secondary residences; many of these people have gradually become regulars who would stay throughout the year. Bodrum now hosts many poets, singers, artists, as well as commercially-minded investors and package tourists. Differences between the sensitivities of the first groups of residents, adamant in defending Bodrum's heritage and soul, with the interests of the latter is an ever-present issue and one that surfaces frequently. For example, a group of trees felled in Bodrum for any reason is very likely to make local and even national news in Turkey.

The Bodrum region has attracted considerable foreign and domestic investment in real estate, specifically in second homes for customers from across Turkey as well as from Western Europe.

The current permanent population for the town of Bodrum was recorded as 32,227 in the 2000 census although it is certainly much higher in reality, and reaches several times that figure in summer.

The sheltered anchorage contains yachts and locally-built gulets used by seafaring tourists.

File:BodrumPano.jpg

Bodrum panorama.

Famous people

Bodrum Castle mosque.

A gulet in the Gulf of Gökova.

• Herodotus – ancient Greek historian
• Mausolus – Carian ruler
• Artemisia II of Caria – Carian ruler
• Dionysius – Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric in the Roman period
• Turgut Reis – Ottoman Turkish admiral
• Halikarnas Balıkçısı, literally 'The Fisherman of Halicarnassus' – Turkish writer born in Istanbul, resident of Bodrum for decades and a symbol for the town
• Neyzen Tevfik – Turkish ney virtuoso and pundit
• Zeki Müren – Turkish singer born in Bursa, resident of Bodrum for decades and a symbol for the town
• Janet Akyüz Mattei – director of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) from 1973 to 2004

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

Twin towns — Sister cities

Bodrum is twinned with:

• Aalborg, Denmark
• Pleven, Bulgaria
• Haskovo, Bulgaria
• Guidan Roumji, Niger
• Trindade, São Tomé and Príncipe

See also

• Milas-Bodrum Airport
• Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology (within Bodrum Castle)
• Turgutreis
• Blue Cruise
• Marinas in Turkey
• Gulet
• Foreign purchases of real estate in Turkey
• Turkish Riviera

External links

• Useful Informatıon About Bodrum Penınsula
• Turkish Republic Municipalities of Bodrum
• Ministry of Culture and Tourism: Bodrum
• Web Site about Muğla province - iMugla Template:Tr
• Template:Wikitravel