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Son of God
A computer-generated image of a horizontal plank of wood on a tree with the words "SON OF GOD" embossed on it in a golden illuminated script.
GenreDocumentary
Factual
Directed byJean-Claude Bragard
Presented byJeremy Bowen
StarringLiron Levo
Narrated byJeremy Bowen
Tom Hodgkins
Theme music composerJames Whitbourn
Opening theme"Son of God Mass"
Country of originUnited Kingdom
Original languageEnglish
No. of series1
No. of episodes3
Production
Executive producerRuth Pitt
Production locationsIsrael, Jordan, United States
Camera setupSingle-camera
Running time50 minutes per episode
Original release
NetworkBBC One
Release1 April (2001-04-01) –
15 April 2001 (2001-04-15)

Son of God (also known at Jesus: The Complete Story) is an award-winning[1][2][3] British documentary series that chronicles the life of Jesus Christ using scientific and contemporary historical evidence. It was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 1 April 2001, and was presented by Jeremy Bowen. The series was executively produced by Ruth Pitt and directed by Jean-Claude Bragard—it took a total of 16 months to produce and cost £1.5 million. A full symphonic score was composed by James Whitbourn. Son of God featured interviews with historians and other biblical experts, live action reenactments of the life of Jesus with Leron Livo in the lead role, and computer-generated images of what locations from the Jesus's time might have looked like. These images, created by design team Red Vision, were praised by critics and received an Outstanding Achievement Award at the 2001 Royal Television Society North Awards.

Son of God ran for a single series of three episodes, each of which focussed on a different stage of Jesus's life. The first episode, "The Real Man", looked at the historical evidence for the existence of Jesus, and documented his life from his birth to his temptation. Episode two, "The Mission", discussed how Jesus became popular among Jews and Greeks, and why the Pharisees of the area might have seen him as a threat. "The Final Hours", the third and final episode of Son of God, looked at Jesus's crucifixion, and presented some ideas as to how the traditional views of the crucifixion may conflict with how it really occurred. The episode concluded with the construction of a computer-generated animation of how Jesus may have appeared.[4]

Critical reception to the series was mixed. While some reviewers praised the programme for focussing on "history against spirituality every time"[5] and being "worthy of all [its] publicity",[6] others remarked that the series was "dumbed down"[7] and "[went] off on some strange tangents".[8] The reliability of the facial recontruction was also questioned.[9] Son of God first aired in the UK on BBC One during April 2001, where it received a viewership of six million and an audience share of 25%. In the United States, the series was shown on the Discovery Channel under the name Jesus: The Complete Story as a single three-hour programme, two weeks after its UK broadcast. The show was also licensed to countries such as France, Denmark and New Zealand.

Production

Son of God was devised in 1999, and was produced and joint-sponsored by BBC Manchester and the Discovery Channel in assocation with France 3 and Jerusalem Productions.[10] The show was directed by Jean-Claude Bragard—whose previous BBC work had included Kicking & Screaming – A History of Football and the documentary series Panorama[11]—and was executively produced by Ruth Pitt, who had worked on similar documentaries such as 42 Up and Channel 4's The State of Marriage.[12][13] During its promotion, Pitt described Son of God as "the most complete biography of Jesus that [had] ever been done".[14]

"Son of God is one of the most exciting projects with which to launch the spring summer season. In some ways, it is the epitome of my new BBC One – it is accessible, modern in its approach and is not afraid to challenge some cast-in-stone beliefs about what makes a mainstream popular programme."

— Lorraine Heggessey, controller of BBC One when Son of God was first broadcast[15]

Jeremy Bowen, a former Middle East correspondent for BBC News, was cast to present the programme for its UK broadcast.[1] Despite not being religious himself, he was drawn to programme for its use of scientific and historical information.[16] As well as presenting, Bowen also narrated and scripted large portions of the series.[17] He stated that he brought a degree of scepticism to the show: before the first episode aired, he admitted that he did not think that you could "corroborate anything that was in the Gospels".[16] In the US version of Son of God, which was broadcast on the Discovery Channel and retitled Jesus: The Complete Story,[18] the footage of Bowen was edited out and his narration was redubbed by American actor Tom Hodgkins.[19]

Son of God took 16 months to produce and cost approximately £1.5 million.[20][21] It was featured as part of a £253 million season of new television programming on the BBC during the spring of 2001.[22] British conductor James Whitbourn was commissioned to write a complete symphonic score for the series, which was performed by the BBC Philharmonic.[23] The completed programme ultimately featured more than an hour and a half of Whitbourn's music,[24] and his opening theme, "Son of God Mass", became popular enough to be still performed live several years after the show had finished airing.[25][26][27] Computer graphic images were created by design group Red Vision,[28] who employed techniques similar to ones used in the recent BBC series Walking with Dinosaurs.[20][29] Speaking in September 2001, a spokesman for Red Vision stated that their involvement in Son of God had been "incredibly successful" for them.[30]

Promotional campaigns for both the British and American broadcasts of the series focused on the technology and science being used in the programme, and the special effects that Red Vision had created.[19] In particular, a facial reconstruction during the final episode showing what Jesus might have looked like gained significant media attention.[10][31][32] In the lead-up to episode one, several newspapers, including the Daily Mail and The Guardian, ran stories speculating whether the computer-generated image could show the true face of Jesus.[20][33] British television listings magazine Radio Times featured the reconstructed face on the cover of its 31 March issue under the headline "Is This the Face of Jesus?".[34] This cover and its headline received criticism from some commentators for being sensationalist and misleading.[5][35][7]

Episodes

Son of God attempted to reconstruct the life of Jesus using scientific and historical evidence. Each of the three episodes focussed on a different part of his life.

Son of God consists of a single series of three episodes. Each episode lasts approximately fifty minutes and documents a different stage of Jesus's life. The episodes take the format of Bowen visiting significant locations from the life of Jesus, talking head interviews with historians and Biblical experts, and reenactments of Jesus's life featuring Israeli actor Liron Levo.[17] Locations from Jesus's time—such as Caesarea, Yatta and Sepphoris—were recreated by archaeologists using evidence from buildings and street plans, and were then digitised into computer graphics by Red Vision.[36][6]

"The Real Man"

The first episode of Son of God, "The Real Man", documents Jesus's life up to his temptation, and details the historical evidence for his existence. Bowen visits Jerusalem, where he calls Jesus's death "one of the best attested facts in ancient history".[e 1] He cites the Romano-Jewish historian Josephus as one of eighty sources that confirms that Jesus existed and that describes him as "a wise man who did surprising feats, ... won over followers from among Jews and Greeks, ... was accused by the Jewish leaders, [and] was condemned to be crucified by Pilate".[37] Bowen interviews Prof. James H. Charlesworth from Princeton University about the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947. He travels to Bethlehem to visit the Church of the Nativity, a structure built over a series of first-century caves and grottos, and speculates that Jesus may have been born in a cave rather than an inn, the more traditional image.[5][38] Joe Zias, an archaeologist from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem confirms this, saying that the Greek word "katalyma" is usually translated into English as "upper room" rather than "inn".[e 1]

"The Real Man" also looks at the story of the Star of Bethlehem, which Bowen states would have been an "astrological", rather than "astronomical" phenomenom.[e 1] According to astronomer Dr. Michael Molner, astrologers from around time of Herod the Great would have believed that Aries would have symbolised his kingdom and the lands that he controlled – during 6 BC, the year that some scholars theorise that Jesus was born, a rare plaentary alignment meant that Jupiter, Saturn, the Sun and the Moon would have all appeared in Aries.[36] Bowen next looks at how Jesus would have been born out of wedlock: Dr. Mark Goodacre, a historian from the University of Birmingham, asserts that Jewish, pagan and Christian sources all confirm that Jesus was born out of wedlock, as do both the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. All four canonical gospels agree that the city of Nazareth was where Jesus grew up. Dr. Hanan Eshel, an archaeologist from Bar-Ilan University, proposes that Jesus's interest in religion and poitics might have been sparked off during a family visit to the Temple Mount, the "headquarters of the Jewish faith".[e 1] The episode ends with Bowen spending the night alone at the Mount of Temptation just above Jericho, where Jesus is traditionally was to have spent forty days and nights being tempted by the devil.[17][36]

"The Mission"

Episode two, "The Mission", discusses how Jesus became popular and why the Pharisees might have seen him as a potential threat. Bowen visits the Dome of the Rock, the former site of Jerusalem's temple, and discusses how Jesus went to the Sea of Galilee to recruit his disciples. He speaks with Orna Cohen, a conservator of antiquities who led the excavation of the Sea of Galilee Boat, who suggests that the boat may have been similar to one owned by Saint Peter. Bowen then travels to Capernaum and visits the House of Peter, where he speaks to Mordechai Aviam, an archaeologist from the Israel Antiquities Authority. Aviam states that first-century Greek "graffiti" in the house suggests that the house belonged to Peter. Bowen travels to the tomb of Hanina ben Dosa, and contrasts Hanina's life with that of Jesus's: for example, while Jesus was exectued, Hanina was not.[e 2]

"The Mission" then looks at how Jesus may have been viewed by the religious leaders of the time. The canonical gospels report over one hundred cases of Jesus healing or performing exorcisms, and "making the unclean clean again".[e 2] Jesus told lepers to go up to the Temple Mount, where they were usually excluded, and claimed that he could forgive sins without going through the ordinary channels. Jesus met and ate with sinners, the disabled and prostitutes, and fulfilled Old Testament prophecy by riding into the Temple Mount through the Golden Gate on a donkey at Passover. Bowen concludes that all these reasons would have meant that the Pharisees of the time would have seen him as threatening.[e 2]

"The Final Hours"

The final episode of Son of God ends with a facial reconstruction of what Jesus may have looked like by forensic anthropologist Richard Neave. The constructed face suggested that Jesus's skin would have been "olive-coloured"[39] and "swarthy",[10] and much darker than his traditional depiction in Western art.

"The Final Hours", the third episode of Son of God, details Jesus's last days alive. Bowen claims that the Last Supper would have been held in the guest room of "well-to-do" house in Jerusalem.[e 3] Writings by Josephus suggest that the Last Supper took place in a triclinium. As guest of honour, Jesus would have been at the end of the table with John the Apostle at his side, rather than at the centre, as in traditional depictions such as Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper.[40] Bowen then looks at whether or not Jesus could have sweated blood at Gethsemane. Leaving the Middle East for the first time, he travels to New York City and meets with Dr. Frederick Zugibe, a forensic pathologist at Columbia University. Zugibe states that Jesus may have been suffering from hematidrosis, a medical condition brought about by stress from knowing that one is about to die. He also says that he has seen similar symptoms in sailors and men given death sentences.[40] Experiments performed by Zugibe in Rutland County, Vermont also suggest that the traditional view of Jesus's crucifixion, with the nails of the cross driven through his hands rather than wrists, may have been possible if his feet were supported. The skeleton of Jehohanan, found in 1968, supports this theory.[e 3] Next, Bowen questions whether the disciple Judas Iscariot truly did double-cross Jesus. William Klassen, an historian at École Biblique in Jerusalem, theorises that the Greek word "paradidomi" was mistranslated, and that Judas simply "handed over" Jesus to the Romans, rather than betrayed him.[8]

"The Final Hours" ends with a facial reconstruction suggesting what Jesus may have looked like. Using one of three first-century Jewish skulls from a leading department of forensic science in Israel, a face is constructed through forensic anthropology by Richard Neave, a retired medical artist from the Unit of Art in Medicine at the University of Manchester.[41] The face that Neave constructs suggests that Jesus would have had a broad face and large nose, and differs significantly from his traditional depictions in renaissance art.[39] Additional information about Jesus's skin color and hair is provided by Goodacre.[39] Using third-century images from a synagogue—the earliest pictures of Jewish people[32]—Goodacre proposes that Jesus's skin would have been "olive-coloured"[39] and "swarthy",[10] and much darker than his traditional Western image. He also suggests that Jesus would have had short, curly hair and a short cropped beard.[42]

Reception

Critical reception

"[Son of God] turned out to be worthy of all [its] publicity, as the stunning graphics that recreated Jesus's face were used to bring his life to gritty reality – somewhat removed from Biblical views of Christ."

— Michael Osborn of BBC News[6]

Critical reaction to Son of God was mixed. The series received praise from commentators such as Andrew Billen of New Statesman for focussing on "history against spirituality every time".[5] However, Billen also contrasted the show with The Lives of Jesus, a similar series from December 1996, remarking that it was "flash and filmic", whereas The Lives of Jesus had been far more "discreet".[5] BBC News's Michael Osborn acclaimed the series, saying that it was "worthy of all [its] publicity" and that Bowen was "well placed" in his role as presenter.[6] The graphics created by Red Vision were well receieved: The Daily Record described the computer imagery as "stunning",[36] while Gareth McLean of The Guardian noted that the series was "visually, ... quite a treat".[43] McLean also commented that the programme itself was "rather interesting", but that it was contained "slightly odd, slightly irrelevant diversions".[43]

A review of a more critical nature came from Catherine Bennett, also writing for The Guardian, who questioned the facial reconstruction from the third episode and suggested that it was "a little dismissive" to imply that it was how Jesus would have truly appeared.[9] Speaking about the study, Bennett remarked: "We must hope that ... future BBC controllers do not dig up, say, Robin Cook's skull, drape it in Plasticine, and ask: 'Is this the real face of Tony Blair?'".[9] John Preston, writing for The Sunday Telegraph, questioned the reliability of the reconstruction as well, and branded the series as "dumbed down".[7] The programme also received criticism from theological scholars: following the broadcast of the first episode, Rev. Dr. Tom Wright, the Canon Theologian of Westminster Abbey and one of two consultants used during production of the series, felt that Jesus's mission had been misrepresented by the show. Wright claimed that the BBC had elected to portray Jesus simply as "a politically correct social worker".[44] Father Heinrich Pfeiffer, a German professor of iconography at the Pontifical Gregorian University, similarly felt that the computer-generated face conflicted with the ones seen in the Shroud of Turin and The Manoppello Image.[45]

"The program likes to make sweeping statements, which isn't surprising for a show that has the audacity to use the title Jesus: The Complete Story."

— Hal Boedeker of The Orlando Sentinel[8]

Reviews of the American broadcast of Jesus: The Complete Story were also mixed. While some reviewers described the show as "fascinating"[46] and "reverent",[47] others were more negative. Writing for The Orlando Sentinel, Hal Boedeker agreed that the computer imaging was "spectacular", but that the rest of the show was a "hodgepodge" that "[went] off on some strange tangents".[8] Eric Mink of The Daily News stated that the show relied too heavily on "exaggeration", and that it was "sloppy with facts".[48]

Ratings and awards

The first episode of Son of God shown in the UK gained six million viewers and an audience share of 25%, considerably high for a religious documentary.[49] During its American broadcast on the Discovery Channel, the series was watched by 12 million Americans.[50] It was repeated during March the following year, and gained a figure of 1.5 million viewers per episode.[50] The series was nominated for two awards, both for the computer-generated images created by graphics team Red Vision. The show received a nomination at the 2001 LEAF Awards, and won an Outstanding Achievement award at the 2001 Royal Television Society North Awards.[51]

Year Award Category Result
2001 LEAF Award Special Area, Animation Nominated
2001 Royal Television Society North Award Outstanding Achievement in a Craft or Technology Won

Distribution

Son of God was distributed by the BBC, who broadcast the show on BBC One. It premièred in the UK at 9:10 p.m. on 1 April 2001,[16] and ran for a single series of three episodes, with each episode being shown weekly on Sunday nights.[5] As well as being shown in the UK, Son of God was also licensed to New Zealand and seven European territories, including France and Denmark.[52] In the United States, the show was aired by the Discovery Channel, under the name Jesus: The Complete Story, as a single three-hour special on 15 April, two weeks after its UK broadcast.[53] It was also repeated on Christmas Day 2002 and 2003.[54][38]

In March 2002, a year after the show was first broadcast in the UK, an accompanying book written by Angela Tilby was released.[55] Tilby's book, also titled Son of God, was a tie-in to the documentary series, and featured an introduction from Bowen.[55] As of 13 October 2011, Son of God is not available to buy on DVD in the UK, nor is it available on BBC iPlayer, the BBC's on demand service.[56] A VHS box set of Jesus: The Complete Story, produced by Warner Home Video, was released in the United States on 15 May 2001.[57] The set was rereleased on Region 1 DVD on 31 August 2004.[58]

Sequel

Following the success of Son of God, a one-off sequel was commissioned by the BBC in July 2001.[59] The programme, entitled Moses, documented the life of Moses is a style similar to Son of God[60]—it reunited Bowen and Bragard, who presented and directed/produced the show respectively.[61] Like Son of God, Moses featured live-action reenactments, computer-generated images of the period and interviews with historians and scholars.[62] It was first broadcast in the UK during December 2002.[63]

See also

References

Primary sources
  1. ^ a b c d Presenter: Jeremy Bowen. Director: Jean-Claude Bragard (1 April 2001). "The Real Man". Son of God. Episode 1. BBC. BBC One. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |seriesno= ignored (|series-number= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c Presenter: Jeremy Bowen. Director: Jean-Claude Bragard (8 April 2001). "The Mission". Son of God. Episode 2. BBC. BBC One. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |seriesno= ignored (|series-number= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b Presenter: Jeremy Bowen. Director: Jean-Claude Bragard (15 April 2001). "The Final Hours". Son of God. Episode 3. BBC. BBC One. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |seriesno= ignored (|series-number= suggested) (help)
Secondary sources
  1. ^ a b "Jeremy Bowen". London: BBC News. 2003. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  2. ^ Simpson, Anne (7 March 2005). "'It's not just a matter of the reporter being in the wrong place at the wrong time. We are targets' FACE TO FACE". The Herald. Glasgow: Newsquest. p. 9. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  3. ^ Williams, Sally (13 January 2005). "Terrible nightmares that meant reporter Bowen had to get help". Western Mail. Cardiff: Trinity Mirror. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  4. ^ "Why do we think Christ was white?". London: BBC News. 27 March 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Billen, Andrew (9 April 2001). "The God Slot". New Statesman. 130. London: New Statesman. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d Osborn, Michael (30 March 2001). "Jesus is brought to life". London: BBC News. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b c Preston, John (8 April 2001). "The Dumbed Down Shall Be Raised Up". The Sunday Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media. ISSN 9976-1874. OCLC 436617201. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d Boedeker, Hal (15 April 2001). "Jesus Story Comes Off as a Stunt". Orlando Sentinel. Orlando, Florida: Tribune Company. ISSN 0744-6055. OCLC 232117561. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  9. ^ a b c Bennett, Catherine (29 March 2001). "It's the greatest story ever told. Pity no one had a camera". The Guardian. London: Guardian Media. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 476290235. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d Wells, Matt (27 March 2001). "Is this the real face of Jesus Christ?". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  11. ^ BBC One 2002, p. 9.
  12. ^ Mink, Eric (26 June 1998). "'14 Up': It Really Grows On You". Daily News. New York City: Daily News. OCLC 9541172. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  13. ^ Rampton, James (26 July 1996). "For better, for worse". The Independent. London: Independent News & Media. ISSN 0951-9467. OCLC 240904920. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  14. ^ "Treating Jesus As If He Were a Dinosaur". New York Post. New York City: News Corporation. 2 April 2001. p. 84. ISSN 1090-3321. OCLC 50874388. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  15. ^ Wilkes, Neil (28 March 2001). "BBC One launches Spring / Summer schedule". London: Digital Spy. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  16. ^ a b c Webb, Alex (26 March 2001). "Looking for the historical Jesus". London: BBC News. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  17. ^ a b c Petre, Jonathan (4 February 2001). "Virtual reality brings time of Jesus back to life on BBC TV". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 613316876. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  18. ^ Donovan, Gill (6 April 2001). "Documentary Hypothesizes Dark-skinned Jesus". National Catholic Register. Irondale, Alabama: Eternal Word. ISSN 0027-8920. OCLC 7785613. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  19. ^ a b Selznick 2008, p. 167.
  20. ^ a b c Conlan, Tara (2001). "Is this the face of Jesus?". Daily Mail. London: Associated Newspapers. Retrieved 15 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  21. ^ Church of England & Churches Together in Britain and Ireland 2002, p. 120.
  22. ^ "BBC1 lines up computer Jesus for £253m spring schedule". The Guardian. London: Guardian Media. 26 March 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 476290235. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  23. ^ Evans, John (12 January 2009). "A very English Christmas concert". Henley Standard. Henley-on-Thames: Higgs Group. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  24. ^ "Film & TV Showreel". jameswhitbourn.com. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  25. ^ Coleman, Robert (15 January 2011). "University sing-in". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City: MediaNews. ISSN 0746-3502. OCLC 8086936. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  26. ^ Huisking, Charlie (12 November 2004). "Musicae opens with Bernstein". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Sarasota, Florida: The New York Times Company. OCLC 51645638. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  27. ^ Araiza, A. E. (5 September 2009). "Church Showcases Famous Music". Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, Arizona: Lee Enterprises. ISSN 0888-546X. OCLC 2949521. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  28. ^ Leonard, Tom (25 March 2002). "Light Brigade charges into the virtual valley of death". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 613316876. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  29. ^ Jury, Louise (26 March 2001). "Technology that was used to make the dinosaurs walk gives Jesus a new look". The Independent. London: Independent News & Media. ISSN 0951-9467. OCLC 240904920. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  30. ^ "Animation firm recreates towers collapse". Manchester Evening News. Manchester: Trinity Mirror. 21 September 2001. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  31. ^ "Science takes over from art to add its new portrait of what Christ looked like". The Herald. Glasgow: Newsquest. 27 March 2011. p. 10. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  32. ^ a b "Experts Reconstruct Face of Jesus". New York City: CBS News. 27 March 2001. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  33. ^ Deans, Jason (26 March 2001). "Is this the face of Christ?". The Guardian. London: Guardian Media. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 476290235. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  34. ^ "Is This the Face of Jesus?". Radio Times (31 March–6 April). London: BBC Magazines: 1. 2001. ISSN 0033-8060. OCLC 751083018. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  35. ^ Lewis-Smith, Victor (15 October 2011). "Skullduggery!; Face It – Beeb's Jesus Stroke Just a Joke". Daily Mirror. London: Trinity Mirror. OCLC 223228477. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  36. ^ a b c d "CRITIC'S CHOICE – SUNDAY TV; Following the path of Jesus". The Daily Record. Glasgow: Trinity Mirror. 31 March 2001. ISSN 0956-8069. OCLC 614676258. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  37. ^ Wilkins & Moreland 1995, p. 40.
  38. ^ a b Elber, Lynn (23 November 2003). "Frosty and the TV holiday gang are all here -- ah, it's a wonderful life". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Seattle: Hearst. ISSN 0745-970X. OCLC 3734418. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  39. ^ a b c d Wilson, Giles (27 October 2004). "So what color was Jesus?". London: BBC News. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  40. ^ a b White, Donna (15 April 2001). "How Jesus Really Died; Scientists Reveal the True Story of the Crucifixion". Sunday Mail. Glasgow: Trinity Mirror. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  41. ^ Legon, Jeordan (25 December 2002). "From science and computers, a new face of Jesus". CNN. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  42. ^ a b McLean, Gareth (2 April 2001). "His truth is marching on". The Guardian. London: Guardian Media. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 476290235. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  43. ^ Petre, Jonathan (1 April 2001). "BBC's own expert attacks Jesus series". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 613316876. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  44. ^ "BBC Son of God series faces criticism". Catholic Insight. 1 June 2001. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  45. ^ Bonko, Larry (13 April 2001). "Documentaries Explore the Life of Jesus Christ". The Virginian-Pilot. Norfolk, Virginia: Landmark Media. ISSN 0889-6127. OCLC 12227724. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  46. ^ Arnold, Thomas K. (23 August 2004). "A 'Passion' for title tie-ins". USA Today. McLean, Virginia: Gannett Company. ISSN 0734-7456. OCLC 608153056. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  47. ^ Mink, Eric (5 November 2011). "'Face' Has Greater Value As Jesus Bio". Daily News. New York City: Daily News, L.P. p. 2. OCLC 9541172. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  48. ^ "6 million witness Son of God". Broadcast. 2 April 2001. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  49. ^ a b "Past Television Programmes". London: Jerusalem Productions. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  50. ^ "About Red Vision". Manchester: Red Vision. 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  51. ^ "Seven Son of God Deals". Broadcast. 6 April 2001. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  52. ^ Selznick 2008, p. 169.
  53. ^ "Programs to Get You in the Spirit". Dayton Daily News. Dayton, Ohio: Cox Enterprises. 20 December 2002. p. 2C. ISSN 0897-0920. OCLC 232118157. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  54. ^ a b Tilby 2002.
  55. ^ "Programmes A – Z". London: BBC. 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  56. ^ ASIN B00005AAEH, Jesus – The Complete Story [VHS] (15 May 2001)
  57. ^ ASIN B0002J5018, Jesus – The Complete Story (31 August 2004)
  58. ^ "Moses to get Son of God treatment". Broadcast. 5 July 2001. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  59. ^ Day, Julia (16 July 2002). "BBC poaches Murnaghan for breakfast". The Guardian. London: Guardian Media. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 476290235. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  60. ^ BBC One 2002, p. 2.
  61. ^ "Peaktime viewing gets factual". London: BBC News. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  62. ^ "Highlights: the week ahead". The Daily Record. Glasgow: Trinity Mirror. 30 November 2002. ISSN 0956-8069. OCLC 614676258. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
Bibliography

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