List of Jewish American biologists and physicians

This is a list of famous Jewish American biologists and physicians. For other famous Jewish Americans, see List of Jewish Americans.

• Richard Axel, olfactory system, Nobel Prize (2004)
• Julius Axelrod, neurotransmitters, Nobel Prize (1970)
• David Baltimore, reverse transcriptase, Nobel Prize (1975)
• Baruj Benacerraf, immunologist, Nobel Prize (1980)
• M. A. Benjaminson, microbiologist and biotechnologist, in vitro meat pioneer
• Paul Berg, recombinant DNA, Nobel Prize (1980)
• Richard Bing, cardiologist
• Konrad Bloch, cholesterol, Nobel Prize (1959)
• Baruch Blumberg, hepatitis B vaccine, Nobel Prize (1976)
• Michael S. Brown, molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize (1985)
• Stanley Cohen, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1986)
• Stanley N. Cohen, genetic engineering
• Gerty Cori, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1947)
• Jared Diamond, evolutionary biologist & biogeographer
• Carl Djerassi, contraceptive pill
• Brian David Dynlacht, biochemist,TFIID (1991) and CP110 (2002).

• Gerald Edelman, biologist, Nobel Prize (1972)
• Gertrude Elion, drug development, Nobel Prize (1988)
• Joseph Erlanger, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1945)
• Edmond H. Fischer, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1992) (Jewish father)
• Judah Folkman, cancer angiogenesis
• Casimir Funk, vitamins
• Robert F. Furchgott, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1998)
• Alfred G. Gilman, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
• Joseph L. Goldstein, molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize (1985)
• Paul Greengard, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (2000)
• Stephen Jay Gould, evolutionary biologist & writer
• Michael Heidelberger, immunochemist
• H. Robert Horvitz, biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
• Jerome Horowitz, AZT
• Eric R. Kandel, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (2000)
• Charles Kelman, cataract surgery
• Albert Kligman, dermatologist
• Arthur Kornberg, DNA replication, Nobel Prize (1959)
• Roger Kornberg, RNA transcription, Nobel Prize (2006) (son of Arthur Kornberg)
• Eric Lander, Human Genome Project
• Esther Lederberg, geneticist
• Joshua Lederberg, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1958)
• Richard Lerner, therapeutic antibodies
• Rita Levi-Montalcini, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1986)
• Michael S. Levine, developmental biologist, discoverer of homeobox
• Richard Lewontin, evolutionary biologist
• Fritz Lipmann, coenzyme A, Nobel Prize (1953)
• Otto Loewi, acetylcholine, Nobel Prize (1936)
• Abraham Low, neuropsychiatrist, Recovery International founder
• Salvador Luria, bacterial evolution, Nobel Prize (1969)
• Lynn Margulis, Gaia theory
• Matthew Meselson, DNA replication
• A. L. Mestel, pediatric surgeon, separation of conjoined twins (1968)
• Otto Meyerhof, glycolysis, Nobel Prize (1922)
• Stanley Miller, Miller-Urey experiment
• Hermann Muller, geneticist, Nobel Prize (1946) (Jewish mother)
• Daniel Nathans, microbiologist, Nobel Prize (1978)
• Marshall Nirenberg, genetic code, Nobel Prize (1968)
• Gregory Pincus, contraceptive pill
• Karl Pribram, neurologist
• Stanley Prusiner, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1997)
• Martin Rodbell, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
• Albert Sabin, oral polio vaccine
• Jonas Salk, polio vaccine
• Andrew V. Schally, endocrinologist, Nobel Prize (1977)
• Albert Schatz, streptomycin
• Béla Schick, diphtheria test
• Rudolf Schoenheimer, radioactive tracers
• Leo Sternbach, valium
• Howard Temin, reverse transcriptase, Nobel Prize (1975)
• Max Tishler, synthetic vitamins
• Harold Varmus, virologist, Nobel Prize (1989)
• George Wald, retina pigmentation, Nobel Prize (1967)
• Selman Waksman, streptomycin, Nobel Prize (1952)
• Charles Weissmann, interferon cloning
• Alexander S. Wiener hematologist and co-discoverer of the Rh factor
• Rosalyn Yalow, medical physicist, Nobel Prize (1977)
• Charles Yanofsky, geneticist