Astara, Iran: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
template, better cat, restore Persian text |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
== History == |
== History == |
||
Astara is an area where Zoroaster may have visited. Its history dates back to 6,000 years ago. The spoken language was [[Talysh language|Talysh]], but due to commerce with [[Azeri]]s and migration of Azeris into town, the use of Talysh has been reduced a bit. [[Persian language|Persian]] is also commonly used for commerce. |
Astara is an area where Zoroaster may have visited. Its history dates back to 6,000 years ago. The spoken language was [[Talysh language|Talysh]], but due to commerce with [[Azeri]]s and migration of Azeris into town, the use of Talysh has been reduced a bit. [[Persian language|Persian]] is also commonly used for commerce. |
||
== Agriculture == |
|||
Rice has being cultivated in this region for many years, where some indigenous cultivars (landrace) were conventionally bred by farmers.<ref name="pazuki">{{cite journal |last=Pazuki |first=Arman |last2=Sohani |first2=Mehdi |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2013 |title= Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in ‘Indica’ rice cultivars |url= http://aas.bf.uni-lj.si/september2013/08Pazuki.pdf |format=PDF |journal= Acta Agriculturae Slovenica |volume=101 |issue=2 |pages=239–247 |doi=10.2478/acas-2013-0020 |accessdate=February 2, 2014}}</ref> |
|||
==Climate== |
==Climate== |
||
Astara has a [[humid subtropical climate]] with cold, wet winters and hot, humid summers. |
Astara has a [[humid subtropical climate]] with cold, wet winters and hot, humid summers. |
||
{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Astara |
{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Astara |
||
| Line 145: | Line 150: | ||
{{Commons|Astara, Iran}} |
{{Commons|Astara, Iran}} |
||
* [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/search/searchpdf.isc?ReqStrPDFPath=/home1/iranica/articles/v2_articles/astara&OptStrLogFile=/home/iranica/public_html/logs/pdfdownload.html Astara] entry in the [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/home/index.isc Encyclopædia Iranica] |
* [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/search/searchpdf.isc?ReqStrPDFPath=/home1/iranica/articles/v2_articles/astara&OptStrLogFile=/home/iranica/public_html/logs/pdfdownload.html Astara] entry in the [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/home/index.isc Encyclopædia Iranica] |
||
* {{cite journal |last=Pazuki |first=Arman |last2=Sohani |first2=Mehdi |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2013 |title= Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in ‘Indica’ rice cultivars |url= http://aas.bf.uni-lj.si/september2013/08Pazuki.pdf |format=PDF |journal= Acta Agriculturae Slovenica |volume=101 |issue=2 |pages=239–247 |doi=10.2478/acas-2013-0020 |accessdate=February 2, 2014}} |
|||
{{Gilan Province}} |
{{Gilan Province}} |
||
Revision as of 09:24, 2 February 2014
Astara
آستارا | |
|---|---|
city | |
 | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Province | Gilan |
| County | Astara |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | City: 46,805 [1] County: 86,757 [2][3] |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IRDT) |
Astara (pronounced [ɒstaɾɒ] ) (Template:Lang-fa, also Romanized as Āstārā)[4] is a city in and the capital of Astara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 86,757 in 25,192 families.[2] It lies on the border with Azerbaijan Republic and on the Caspian Sea. It is a relatively important border trade center between Iran and the Caucasus.
Etymology
A theory is that the city's name is derived from the Talysh word اوستهرو (Osta-ro or hosta-ro), meaning "the place where the travel gets slower" (given the marshlands that surrounded the region before), this theory geologically is impossible due to sandy soil condition of the area which is 15 meters deep.[1]
History
Astara is an area where Zoroaster may have visited. Its history dates back to 6,000 years ago. The spoken language was Talysh, but due to commerce with Azeris and migration of Azeris into town, the use of Talysh has been reduced a bit. Persian is also commonly used for commerce.
Agriculture
Rice has being cultivated in this region for many years, where some indigenous cultivars (landrace) were conventionally bred by farmers.[5]
Climate
Astara has a humid subtropical climate with cold, wet winters and hot, humid summers.
| Climate data for Astara | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
27.3 (81.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
19.0 (66.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
2.1 (35.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 95.6 (3.76) |
90.2 (3.55) |
108.3 (4.26) |
60.7 (2.39) |
56.5 (2.22) |
45.9 (1.81) |
41.2 (1.62) |
88.8 (3.50) |
230.0 (9.06) |
239.0 (9.41) |
144.6 (5.69) |
91.7 (3.61) |
1,292.5 (50.88) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 112 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 85 | 86 | 83 | 80 | 74 | 71 | 75 | 82 | 86 | 87 | 85 | 82 |
| Source: Iranian Meteorological Organization [6] | |||||||||||||
People
- Religion: Mostly Islam Shi'a Islam
- Ethnic groups: Azerbaijani[7] and Minority Talysh
- Language: Azeri,[8] and Minority Talysh[8]
Famous people from Astara
- Ebrahim Nabavi - Iranian journalist
- Nima Youshij - a famous Iranian poet who was living in exile in Astara
- Behzad Behzadi - an author of Azerbaijani language dictionaries
- Payan Rafat - football player
- Mahmoud Seraji - poet
Transport
Astara is a railhead for the broad gauge Azerbaijan State Railway.
See also
References
- ^ http://archive.is/20130428144439/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-5068&srt=n1pn&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=462370885
- ^ a b http://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/2/census-90/shahrestanha-jamiat-90.xlsx
- ^ http://www.geohive.com/cntry/iran.aspx?levels=Gilan
- ^ Astara, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3054011" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Pazuki, Arman; Sohani, Mehdi (2013). "Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in 'Indica' rice cultivars" (PDF). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 101 (2): 239–247. doi:10.2478/acas-2013-0020. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ http://www.irimo.ir/english/statistics/climanormals/gilan/astara.txt
- ^ http://www.gchto.ir/en/pages/about-gilan/astara.php
- ^ a b دانره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی - آستارا
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Astara, Iran.
- Astara entry in the Encyclopædia Iranica
- Pazuki, Arman; Sohani, Mehdi (2013). "Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in 'Indica' rice cultivars" (PDF). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 101 (2): 239–247. doi:10.2478/acas-2013-0020. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)
| Capital |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Counties and cities | ||
| Sights |
| |
| Populated places | ||
| Capital | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Districts |
| ||||||||||||||||||||