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Kuwait has always been very firm on its position being an Arab nation in defense of Arab causes. During the [[Six Day War| Six Day War 1967]]; [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] and [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] battled side by side the Arab cause and moreover, given the unstable history between the [[Kuwaiti government]] and [[Iraqi government]]. [[Kuwait]] was always determined that the Arab identity of a nation would always supersede any conflict between two Arab nations. Kuwait, always ready to reason within proper negotiations with an Arab nation, sent a delegation to Iraq on December 26th, 1972 compromised of members of the [[National Assembly (Kuwait)]] of Kuwait. The Kuwaiti delegation met with [[Saddam Hussein]], then deputy president of Iraq, and discussed the border demarcation between Kuwait and Iraq and the need to end this conflict. The Kuwaiti delegation met also with the president of Iraq, [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]] who assured the Kuwaiti delegation that the situation will be resolved ounce and for all. Accordingly, on February 26th, 1973; another Kuwaiti delegation headed by His Excellency Sheikh [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]], then Kuwait's [[Foreign Minister]], visited Iraq and remained till March 2nd. Kuwaiti and Iraqi authorities conducted several meetings in which Iraqi authorities claimed that [[Warbah Island]] and [[Bubiyan Island]] were part of [[Iraq]] due to their importance as major water channels for Iraq. In response, His Excellency Sheikh [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]] firmly stated that Kuwait will not spare any of its territories and such a concept would not be acceptable to any living Kuwaiti and if these territories were needed for joint economical and development purposes; then, [[Kuwait]] will spare no effort in realizing such an endeavor through reasonable permission cooperation. Right before the Kuwaiti delegation was setting to leave Iraq on March 3rd, 1973; the Iraqi government proposed the friendly cooperation agreement between Kuwait and Iraq which would enhance the capabilities of Iraq in expanding trade through Kuwait. The Kuwaiti delegation was willing to cooperate as long as its territories were not compromised unjustifiably. In response, the government of Iraq refused the idea of their proposed agreement and started applying military pressure as it was obvious that diplomatic negotiations have failed.
Kuwait has always been very firm on its position being an Arab nation in defense of Arab causes. During the [[Six Day War| Six Day War 1967]]; [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] and [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] battled side by side the Arab cause and moreover, given the unstable history between the [[Kuwaiti government]] and [[Iraqi government]]. [[Kuwait]] was always determined that the Arab identity of a nation would always supersede any conflict between two Arab nations. Kuwait, always ready to reason within proper negotiations with an Arab nation, sent a delegation to Iraq on December 26th, 1972 compromised of members of the [[National Assembly (Kuwait)]] of Kuwait. The Kuwaiti delegation met with [[Saddam Hussein]], then deputy president of Iraq, and discussed the border demarcation between Kuwait and Iraq and the need to end this conflict. The Kuwaiti delegation met also with the president of Iraq, [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]] who assured the Kuwaiti delegation that the situation will be resolved ounce and for all. Accordingly, on February 26th, 1973; another Kuwaiti delegation headed by His Excellency Sheikh [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]], then Kuwait's [[Foreign Minister]], visited Iraq and remained till March 2nd. Kuwaiti and Iraqi authorities conducted several meetings in which Iraqi authorities claimed that [[Warbah Island]] and [[Bubiyan Island]] were part of [[Iraq]] due to their importance as major water channels for Iraq. In response, His Excellency Sheikh [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]] firmly stated that Kuwait will not spare any of its territories and such a concept would not be acceptable to any living Kuwaiti and if these territories were needed for joint economical and development purposes; then, [[Kuwait]] will spare no effort in realizing such an endeavor through reasonable permission cooperation. Right before the Kuwaiti delegation was setting to leave Iraq on March 3rd, 1973; the Iraqi government proposed the friendly cooperation agreement between Kuwait and Iraq which would enhance the capabilities of Iraq in expanding trade through Kuwait. The Kuwaiti delegation was willing to cooperate as long as its territories were not compromised unjustifiably. In response, the government of Iraq refused the idea of their proposed agreement and started applying military pressure as it was obvious that diplomatic negotiations have failed.


In the meantime, His Excellency [[Major General]] Sheikh Mubarak rotated Kuwaiti border posts between the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] and the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior. On March 20th, 1973 at 0300; a crisis occurred between [[Kuwait]] and [[Iraq]] based on land demarcations that [[Iraq]] was claiming still. [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] advanced to a Kuwaiti border post in " Sanita" region guarded by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior and asked the guards to leave. When the Kuwaiti officer in charge refused; [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] heavily shelled the lightly guarded border post and the battle erupted. Military of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior held their ground and battled the heavily armed [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] throughout the night and morning and suffered two martyrs. As a result, [[Kuwait]] declared a state of emergency and borders were sealed. His Excellency [[Major General]] Sheikh Mubarak assembled all components of the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] and moved towards the border with Iraq in preparation for war. In response to the assembling of the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]]; the [[Ministry of Interior (Iraq)]] issued a statement at 1300 March 20th, 1973 claiming that the assault came from Kuwaiti Forces who were intruding in Iraqi territory while the [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] were conducting military drills and as a result the [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] responded with force. The Iraqi statement also mentioned that it was disappointing to see the reaction of the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] moving towards the borders before communicating with Iraq through the diplomatic channels; officially inquiring about the incident; specially that the incident involves two brotherly Arab nations.
In the meantime, His Excellency [[Major General]] Sheikh Mubarak rotated Kuwaiti border posts between the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] and the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior. On March 20th, 1973 at 0300; a crisis occurred between [[Kuwait]] and [[Iraq]] based on land demarcations that [[Iraq]] was claiming still. [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] advanced to a Kuwaiti border post in " Arabic phonetics: Sanita " region guarded by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior and asked the guards to leave. When the Kuwaiti officer in charge refused; [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] heavily shelled the lightly guarded border post and the battle erupted. Military of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior held their ground and battled the heavily armed [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] throughout the night and morning and suffered two martyrs. As a result, [[Kuwait]] declared a state of emergency and borders were sealed. His Excellency [[Major General]] Sheikh Mubarak assembled all components of the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] and moved towards the border with Iraq in preparation for war. In response to the assembling of the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] by His Excellency [[Major General]] Sheikh Mubarak; the [[Ministry of Interior (Iraq)]] issued a statement at 1300 March 20th, 1973 claiming that the assault came from Kuwaiti Forces who were intruding in Iraqi territory while the [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] were conducting military drills and as a result the [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] responded with force. The Iraqi statement also mentioned that it was disappointing to see the reaction of the [[Kuwaiti Armed Forces]] moving towards the borders before communicating with Iraq through the diplomatic channels; officially inquiring about the incident; specially that the incident involves two brotherly Arab nations. In response, the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior issued a similar statement claiming that the assault on the " Sanita" post is an assault of Kuwaiti territory and subsequently an assault on Kuwait. The statement also added that the use of force by the [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] was unacceptable and is not justified to challenge lightly armed men. In addition, the Kuwaiti statement added that the assault occurred during the time when Kuwait was expecting an Iraqi delegation from Iraq to come to Kuwait and settle the demarcation of borders between the two countries based on the agreement that Baghdad signed on October 4th, 1963. The government of Iraq proposed that [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] and Kuwaiti Defense Forces should pull back 10 Km from the assaulted post. Accordingly, Kuwaiti authorities refused this proposition and demanded from the [[Arab






Revision as of 14:31, 11 March 2014

Mubarak Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Born1934
Kuwait
Died1987
Kuwait
Allegiance
Service / branchKuwaiti Armed Forces
Rank1st unprecedented Lieutenant General of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces
Commands
  • Deputy Head Commander of the Kuwaiti Army (1954)
  • 1st Chief of Staff of Kuwait Armed Forces (1963)
Battles / wars
Awards Legion of Merit (1977)
*other Arab and non-Arab military decoration and awards

His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (1934–1987)(Arabic: الشيخ الفريق مبارك عبد الله الجابر الصباح ) was a member of the Kuwaiti Royal Family, and the first military officer in Kuwaiti history to attain the rank of Lieutenant General in the Kuwaiti Armed Forces.[1][2] His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was also the first Kuwaiti to be commissioned as an officer by the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, UK, and the first Kuwaiti to receive an Amiri Decree in March 1963 for the appointment as Chief of Staff of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces before the age of 30.[3][4] His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak was the first military officer in the Persian Gulf to establish conscription in 1978.[5][6] His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak also initiated joint training of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces with the United States Armed Forces in 1977.[7]

Early life and education

His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak was born in Kuwait City in 1934. He was the son of battle Knight Squadron and Cavalry Commander General of Defense and Security Forces in metropolitan and desert areas (1928-1938), His Excellency Sheikh Abdullah Jaber Al-Abdullah II Al-Sabah (1898-1996) (WIA); a contemporary of seven Rulers and Emirs and a renowned statesman.[8]

File:Sheikh Abdullah Al-Jaber Abdullah II Al-Sabah bearing the forefront of his Cavalry in Battle of Regaei (1928).jpg
H.E.Sheikh Abdullah Jaber Al-Abdullah II Al-Sabah(1898-1996) (WIA) holding the front line of the Kuwaiti cavalry under battle orders of Commander H.E.Sheikh Ali Al-Salem Al-Sabah † during the Battle of Regaei (1928) outside the wall of Kuwait. H.E.Sheikh Abdullah fathered several sons. H.E.Sheikh Mubarak Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was his third eldest.[9]

His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak was also the grandson of Battle of Jahra's infamous martyred Cavalry Commander, His Excellency Sheikh Jaber Abdullah II Al-Sabah II Al-Sabah (1860-1920) † who lead the charge of his Cavalry Squadron of men outside the Red Fort heavily outnumbered while defending His Highness the 9th Ruler of Kuwait Sheikh Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah.[10]

His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak received his early education in Al-Mubarikya School in Kuwait between 1940-1945. He later moved to Lebanon to continue his education at the International College in Beirut from 1947-1951, and later attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in Britain, from which he was commissioned as a Lieutenant in 1953.[11]

Military career

His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak joined the Kuwaiti Public Security Force, later divided into the Kuwaiti Armed Forces and the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior, in 1953.[12]

In 1954, he was appointed Deputy Head Commander of the newly formed Kuwaiti Army[13] and attained the rank of Major General by the beginning of December 1962 before the age of 30.[14]

Operation Vantage (1961)

After confirming the demarcation borders between Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula in the Uqair Protocol of 1922; relations between Kuwait and Iraq remained hostile.[15]

On June 19, 1961; Her Majesty's Government (HMG) declared the cancellation of its 1899 Defense Agreement with Kuwait, which meant that Kuwait was officially an independent country.[16] On June 25, 1961 the leader of Iraq, Abd al-Karim Qasim said that Kuwait would become an Iraqi territory.[17] The Iraqi Armed Forces were much more powerful than the Kuwaiti Armed Forces.

HMS Victorious (R38) taking part of Operation Vantage in support of Kuwait in July of 1961.

After having sealed the borders and mounted defenses against the anticipated invasion; His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak advised Ruler Emir Sheikh Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah to invoke section 4 of the independence agreement which stated that Kuwait could ask Her Majesty's Government (HMG) for military support,[18] which was done on June 30, 1961.[19]

HMS Victorious (R38) HMS in 1959 with Royal Navy and U.S. Navy aircrafts parked on the flight deck.

British Armed Forces executed Operation Vantage, a plan for the defence of Kuwait, from November 1960.[20] British Forces started to arrive in Kuwait on July 1, 1961.[21] His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak commanded the Kuwait 25th Commando Brigade and the Kuwait 6th Liberation Mechanized Brigade; both Kuwaiti Army's prime and most senior combating brigades.[22]

On July 24, 1961 the Arab League decided to send an armed force to replace the British Armed Forces.[23] It arrived on October 19, 1961 and the British Armed Forces consequently withdrew.[24] The Arab League force remained in Kuwait until the beginning of January 1963;[25] Iraq recognized the independence of Kuwait in 1963.[26]

Following the crisis, His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak debated with the British Armed Forces on different deterrent strategies to protect Kuwait.[27] A team of British military experts assisted His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak in organizing the Kuwaiti Armed Forces liaising with the British Armed Forces for training.[28]

Sheikh Mubarak acted as commander of the newly formed Kuwaiti Armed Forces for two years, and was then promoted to Major General and designated Kuwait's Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces in March 1963, reporting to the Kuwaiti Minister of Defense.[29]

Six Day War (1967) and War of Attrition (1967-1970)

USS Liberty incident during the Six Day War 1967 and the Medal of Honor awarded to Commander William L. McGonagle.

In 1967, the Kuwaiti Armed Forces fought outside Kuwait for the first time and that mainly from the principle of Arab solidarity.[30] A task force was assembled by His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak, headed by the Deputy Chief of Staff, acting commander Brigadier General Sheikh Saleh Mohammed Al-Sabah, and designated the Yarmouk Brigade.[31] The Yarmouk Brigade deployed to the Egyptian front on May 29, 1967.[32] The Six Day War 1967 commenced on the morning of June 5, 1967.[33] Protective Egyptian air forces in the desert area of the Sinai Peninsula were destroyed, and the Yarmouk Brigade came under fire and was dispersed.[34] Parts of the Brigade found their way to Port Said and the Suez Canal; while the rest were aided by the desert Bedouin of the Sinai Peninsula and reached Port Said after eighteen days in the desert.[35] Communication was totally cut off for eighteen days.[36] There was no loss of life in the Yarmouk Brigade.[37] The Yarmouk Brigade regrouped and remained at the Egyptian front during the War of Attrition (1967-1970) that started a week later in July 1967.[38] In 1970, the Kuwaiti Armed Forces suffered seventeen martyrs.[39]

Double Fronted Wars; (1973) "Sanita" War and October War (1973)

Kuwait has always been very firm on its position being an Arab nation in defense of Arab causes. During the Six Day War 1967; Kuwaiti Armed Forces and Iraqi Armed Forces battled side by side the Arab cause and moreover, given the unstable history between the Kuwaiti government and Iraqi government. Kuwait was always determined that the Arab identity of a nation would always supersede any conflict between two Arab nations. Kuwait, always ready to reason within proper negotiations with an Arab nation, sent a delegation to Iraq on December 26th, 1972 compromised of members of the National Assembly (Kuwait) of Kuwait. The Kuwaiti delegation met with Saddam Hussein, then deputy president of Iraq, and discussed the border demarcation between Kuwait and Iraq and the need to end this conflict. The Kuwaiti delegation met also with the president of Iraq, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr who assured the Kuwaiti delegation that the situation will be resolved ounce and for all. Accordingly, on February 26th, 1973; another Kuwaiti delegation headed by His Excellency Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, then Kuwait's Foreign Minister, visited Iraq and remained till March 2nd. Kuwaiti and Iraqi authorities conducted several meetings in which Iraqi authorities claimed that Warbah Island and Bubiyan Island were part of Iraq due to their importance as major water channels for Iraq. In response, His Excellency Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah firmly stated that Kuwait will not spare any of its territories and such a concept would not be acceptable to any living Kuwaiti and if these territories were needed for joint economical and development purposes; then, Kuwait will spare no effort in realizing such an endeavor through reasonable permission cooperation. Right before the Kuwaiti delegation was setting to leave Iraq on March 3rd, 1973; the Iraqi government proposed the friendly cooperation agreement between Kuwait and Iraq which would enhance the capabilities of Iraq in expanding trade through Kuwait. The Kuwaiti delegation was willing to cooperate as long as its territories were not compromised unjustifiably. In response, the government of Iraq refused the idea of their proposed agreement and started applying military pressure as it was obvious that diplomatic negotiations have failed.

In the meantime, His Excellency Major General Sheikh Mubarak rotated Kuwaiti border posts between the Kuwaiti Armed Forces and the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior. On March 20th, 1973 at 0300; a crisis occurred between Kuwait and Iraq based on land demarcations that Iraq was claiming still. Iraqi Armed Forces advanced to a Kuwaiti border post in " Arabic phonetics: Sanita " region guarded by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior and asked the guards to leave. When the Kuwaiti officer in charge refused; Iraqi Armed Forces heavily shelled the lightly guarded border post and the battle erupted. Military of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior held their ground and battled the heavily armed Iraqi Armed Forces throughout the night and morning and suffered two martyrs. As a result, Kuwait declared a state of emergency and borders were sealed. His Excellency Major General Sheikh Mubarak assembled all components of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces and moved towards the border with Iraq in preparation for war. In response to the assembling of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces by His Excellency Major General Sheikh Mubarak; the Ministry of Interior (Iraq) issued a statement at 1300 March 20th, 1973 claiming that the assault came from Kuwaiti Forces who were intruding in Iraqi territory while the Iraqi Armed Forces were conducting military drills and as a result the Iraqi Armed Forces responded with force. The Iraqi statement also mentioned that it was disappointing to see the reaction of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces moving towards the borders before communicating with Iraq through the diplomatic channels; officially inquiring about the incident; specially that the incident involves two brotherly Arab nations. In response, the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior issued a similar statement claiming that the assault on the " Sanita" post is an assault of Kuwaiti territory and subsequently an assault on Kuwait. The statement also added that the use of force by the Iraqi Armed Forces was unacceptable and is not justified to challenge lightly armed men. In addition, the Kuwaiti statement added that the assault occurred during the time when Kuwait was expecting an Iraqi delegation from Iraq to come to Kuwait and settle the demarcation of borders between the two countries based on the agreement that Baghdad signed on October 4th, 1963. The government of Iraq proposed that Iraqi Armed Forces and Kuwaiti Defense Forces should pull back 10 Km from the assaulted post. Accordingly, Kuwaiti authorities refused this proposition and demanded from the [[Arab



. The delegation was headed by Kuwaiti Foreign Minister His Excellency Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and remained in Iraq until March 2nd, 1973. During the negotiations; representatives

His Excellency Major General Sheikh Mubarak while very fund of Arab nations, didn't hesitate to tighten security at the borders by rotating border posts between the Kuwaiti Armed Forces and the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior. 

On March 20th, 1973; a crisis occurred between Kuwait and Iraq based on land demarcations that Iraq was claiming still.

His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak led a third of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces engaged on the Syrian and Egyptian fronts during the 1973 October War Egyptian & Syrian Front, in alliance with the Iraqi Armed Forces, while at the same time engaging the remainder majority of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces on the Kuwaiti borders during the 1973 Silent War against the Iraqi Armed Forces.[40] As it historically coincides, the Iraq War (2003-2011) commenced on the same day, 20 March, 30 years later.[41]

Joint Drills between Kuwaiti Armed Forces and United States Armed Forces (1977)

In 1977, His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak initiated the first joint drills between the Kuwaiti Armed Forces and the United States Armed Forces.[42]

Lieutenant General of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces (1979)

In 1979, His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak was promoted to be the first Lieutenant General of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces.[43][44] He retired from the military the next year,[45] the first officer to retire from the Kuwaiti Armed Forces.[46]

Academic Legacy

The Mubarak al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College was established in 1995 in His Excellency Sheikh Mubarak's honor.[47][48]

See also

References

  1. ^ [2], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  2. ^ [3], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  3. ^ [4], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  4. ^ [5], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  5. ^ [6], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  6. ^ [7], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  7. ^ [8], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  8. ^ [9], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  9. ^ [10], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  10. ^ [11], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  11. ^ [12], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  12. ^ [13], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  13. ^ [14], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  14. ^ [15], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  15. ^ [16], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  16. ^ [17], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  17. ^ [18], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  18. ^ [19], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  19. ^ [20], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  20. ^ [21], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  21. ^ [22], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  22. ^ [23], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  23. ^ [24], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  24. ^ [25], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  25. ^ [26], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  26. ^ [27], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  27. ^ [28], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  28. ^ [29], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  29. ^ [30], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  30. ^ [31], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  31. ^ [32], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  32. ^ [33], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  33. ^ [34], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  34. ^ [35], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  35. ^ [36], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  36. ^ [37], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  37. ^ [38], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  38. ^ [39], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  39. ^ [40], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  40. ^ [41], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  41. ^ [42], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  42. ^ [43], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  43. ^ [44], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  44. ^ [45], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  45. ^ [46], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  46. ^ [47], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  47. ^ [48], Mubarak al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College
  48. ^ [49], Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense,(Section Arabic Read الجيش الكويتي)
  49. ^ [50], Tomb of the Unknown Soldier recipients of the Medal of Honor; Congressional Medal of Honor Society
  50. ^ [51], Medal of Honor Recipients Authorized by Special Acts of Congress
  51. ^ [52] Tomb of the Unknown Soldier; Arlington National Cemetery Official Website

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