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A tropical disturbance formed east of [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]] on July 31 and gradually increased in organization over the next several days as it moved northwestward. The [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] on the system on August 4 and it was designated a tropical depression by both the JTWC and the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) later that day. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm on August 5, and the JMA designated it Tropical Storm Saomai.
A tropical disturbance formed east of [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]] on July 31 and gradually increased in organization over the next several days as it moved northwestward. The [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] on the system on August 4 and it was designated a tropical depression by both the JTWC and the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) later that day. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm on August 5, and the JMA designated it Tropical Storm Saomai.


Saomai continued moving toward the northwest and passed over the Mariana Islands on August 6 while continuing to strengthen,<ref name="saipantribune">{{cite web |url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=59993 |title=Saomai moves past Guam, COR 1 remains |date=2006-08-06 |accessdate=August 11, 2006}}</ref> and was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA later that day. The storm then began organizing and intensifying more rapidly, becoming a typhoon early on August 7. Saomai moved into the area of responsibility of [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|PAGASA]] on August 8, and was designated Typhoon Juan. Rapid intensification continued, and Saomai reached its peak intensity of 105&nbsp;[[knot (unit)|knot]]s (195&nbsp;km/h, 120&nbsp;mph) on August 9 north of [[Miyakojima]].
Saomai continued moving toward the northwest and passed over the Mariana Islands on August 6 while continuing to strengthen,<ref name="saipantribune">{{cite web |url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=59993 |title=Saomai moves past Guam, COR 1 remains |date=2006-08-06 |accessdate=August 11, 2006}}</ref> and was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA later that day. The storm then began organizing and intensifying more rapidly, becoming a typhoon early on August 7. Saomai moved into the area of responsibility of [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|PAGASA]] on August 8, and was designated Typhoon Juan.

Late on August&nbsp;9, Saomai reached its peak intensity as it moved just north of [[Miyakojima]]. The JMA estimated it to have attained winds of 195&nbsp;km/h (120&nbsp;mph) and a central pressure of 925&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 27.32&nbsp;inHg).<ref name="JMABT">{{jp icon}} {{cite report|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|year=2006|accessdate=July 2, 2014|title=台風0608号（0608 Saomai)|url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0608.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> The JTWC estimated Saomai to have been a much more powerful system, ranking it as a [[SSHS#Category 5|Category&nbsp;5-equivalent]] super typhoon with one-minute winds of 260&nbsp;km/h (160&nbsp;mph) and a pressure of 898&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 26.52&nbsp;inHg).<ref name="JTWCBT">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|year=2007|accessdate=July 2, 2014|title=Super Typhoon 08W (Saomai) Best Track|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2006/2006s-bwp/bwp082006.txt|format=.TXT}}</ref> Further, though less significant, discrepancies on the peak intensity of Saomai exist between the local warning centers for China. Both the [[China Meteorological Administration]] (CMA) and [[Hong Kong Observatory]] (HKO) estimated the typhoon to have been slightly stronger, stating peak ten-minute sustained winds of 215&nbsp;km/h (135&nbsp;mph) and 210&nbsp;km/h (130&nbsp;mph), respectively. Similarly the agencies reported lower pressures: 915&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 27.02&nbsp;inHg) by the CMA and 920&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 27.17&nbsp;inHG) by the HKO.<ref name="IBTRACS">{{cite report|author=Kenneth R. Knapp|author2=Michael C. Kruk|author3=David H. Levinson|author4=Howard J. Diamond|author5=Charles J. Neumann|year=2010|work=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data|title=2006 Saomai (2006216N07151)|publisher=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|accessdate=July 2, 2014|url=http://atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_v03r04/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r04-2006216N07151}}</ref>


After passing to the south of [[Okinawa]], Saomai turned westward and brushed the northern coast of [[Taiwan|Taiwan Island]] early on August 10, before making landfall in [[Zhejiang|Zhejiang Province]] later that day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmc.gov.cn/news/viewArticle.do?method=viewArticle&id=ff8080810cf70fba010cf76b61770002 |title=Super typhoon makes landfall (Chinese) |date=2006-08-10 |accessdate=August 13, 2006 |publisher=China Meteorological Administration}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Gradual weakening ensued as Saomai moved further inland, and it weakened into a tropical depression on August 11, dissipating later that day.
After passing to the south of [[Okinawa]], Saomai turned westward and brushed the northern coast of [[Taiwan|Taiwan Island]] early on August 10, before making landfall in [[Zhejiang|Zhejiang Province]] later that day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmc.gov.cn/news/viewArticle.do?method=viewArticle&id=ff8080810cf70fba010cf76b61770002 |title=Super typhoon makes landfall (Chinese) |date=2006-08-10 |accessdate=August 13, 2006 |publisher=China Meteorological Administration}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Gradual weakening ensued as Saomai moved further inland, and it weakened into a tropical depression on August 11, dissipating later that day.

Revision as of 13:00, 2 July 2014

This article is about the 2006 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon Saomai (disambiguation).
Typhoon Saomai (Juan)
Violent typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Saomai making landfall over Zhejiang, China on August 10, 2006
FormedAugust 4, 2006
DissipatedAugust 12, 2006
(Extratropical after August 11, 2006)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 195 km/h (120 mph)
1-minute sustained: 260 km/h (160 mph)
Lowest pressure925 hPa (mbar); 27.32 inHg
Fatalities458 total[1]
Damage$2.5 billion (2006 USD)
Areas affectedMariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, southeast China
Part of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Saomai (international designation: 0608, JTWC designation: 08W, designated Typhoon Juan by PAGASA and sometimes called Super Typhoon Saomai) was a powerful typhoon that affected areas of Taiwan and the east coast of the People's Republic of China. It was the eighth tropical storm, fifth typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season recognized by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, Saomai was the seventh tropical storm and fifth typhoon of the season. The name "Saomai" was submitted by Vietnam, and is from the Vietnamese word for "morning star" (sao Mai), a reference to the planet Venus.[2]

The typhoon brought heavy rain and wind to areas of the Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the east coast of China. It was responsible for 458 deaths and $2.5 billion (2006 USD) in damage. Saomai affected many of the same areas affected by Tropical Storm Bilis a month earlier, and the China Meteorological Administration reported that Saomai was the strongest typhoon that ever occurred over China's offshore region as well as the most powerful typhoon ever to make landfall over Mainland China.[3]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical disturbance formed east of Chuuk on July 31 and gradually increased in organization over the next several days as it moved northwestward. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system on August 4 and it was designated a tropical depression by both the JTWC and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) later that day. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm on August 5, and the JMA designated it Tropical Storm Saomai.

Saomai continued moving toward the northwest and passed over the Mariana Islands on August 6 while continuing to strengthen,[4] and was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA later that day. The storm then began organizing and intensifying more rapidly, becoming a typhoon early on August 7. Saomai moved into the area of responsibility of PAGASA on August 8, and was designated Typhoon Juan.

Late on August 9, Saomai reached its peak intensity as it moved just north of Miyakojima. The JMA estimated it to have attained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and a central pressure of 925 mbar (hPa; 27.32 inHg).[5] The JTWC estimated Saomai to have been a much more powerful system, ranking it as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon with one-minute winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) and a pressure of 898 mbar (hPa; 26.52 inHg).[6] Further, though less significant, discrepancies on the peak intensity of Saomai exist between the local warning centers for China. Both the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) estimated the typhoon to have been slightly stronger, stating peak ten-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (135 mph) and 210 km/h (130 mph), respectively. Similarly the agencies reported lower pressures: 915 mbar (hPa; 27.02 inHg) by the CMA and 920 mbar (hPa; 27.17 inHG) by the HKO.[7]

After passing to the south of Okinawa, Saomai turned westward and brushed the northern coast of Taiwan Island early on August 10, before making landfall in Zhejiang Province later that day.[8] Gradual weakening ensued as Saomai moved further inland, and it weakened into a tropical depression on August 11, dissipating later that day.

Preparations

Tropical Storms Bopha and Saomai approaching China.

The United States National Weather Service issued a tropical storm warning for Guam as Tropical Storm Saomai approached the island on August 6. Military bases in northern Guam entered Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness 1, meaning that winds of 50 knots or higher were expected within 12 hours. The rest of the island was placed under Condition of Readiness 2, meaning that such winds were possible within 24 hours.[9] Several bases were temporarily closed.[10]

The Central Weather Bureau of the Republic of China issued land and marine typhoon warnings for areas of northern Taiwan in anticipation of Saomai's outer bands. The warnings had been upgraded from lesser warnings issued for Tropical Storm Bopha, which made landfall in southern Taiwan the day before.[11]

In China, 990,000 people in Zhejiang and 569,000 people in Fujian were evacuated to shelters prior to Saomai's landfall. Over 20,000 soldiers and police were mobilized to aid in cleanup and rescue efforts.[12]

Impact

While still a tropical storm, Saomai passed over Guam, bringing rain and wind to the island, but no damage or deaths were reported.[4]

Later, as with Tropical Storm Bilis a month earlier, Saomai's outer rainbands affected areas of the Philippines. Over 400 homes were destroyed by storm surge, and two people were killed. At least seven people were reported missing.[13]

TRMM satellite image showing rainfall distribution within Typhoon Saomai at landfall.

The core of the typhoon passed to the north of Taiwan, but the island still experienced heavy rain and wind that disrupted traffic and cancelled flights to and from Taipei. No serious damage or casualties were reported.[14] Afterwards, Saomai made landfall in Zhejiang province, where 87 deaths were reported, mostly in Wenzhou. Over 18,000 homes were destroyed, and major highways in the province were flooded out. Saomai was responsible for 4.9 billion yuan in damage in Zhejiang.[15]

At least 138 people were killed in the neighboring province of Fujian. Most of these deaths were caused by storm surge flooding in coastal fishing communities, such as Fuding. Eight of the deaths were caused by the collapse of a damaged evacuation shelter.[16][17] Strong winds and flooding destroyed 37,000 houses and flooded 380 km² (94,000 acres) of farmland, and economic damage amounted to 6.3 billion yuan.[15][18]

Another two people were killed in Jiangxi. One person was washed away in floodwaters while inspecting damage, while another person was killed when a damaged building collapsed. Six reservoirs in the province were destroyed, and 348 million yuan in damage was reported.[15]

Aftermath

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies made an appeal for almost 6 million Swiss francs ($4.8 million, 2006 USD) to assist stricken families in the PRC. As of August 11, 2006, about 1.8 million Chinese yuan ($220,000) worth of relief items and financial assistance had been given to the victims.[19] The PRC government also allocated 120 million yuan ($15.2 million) for disaster relief in areas affected by Saomai and earlier storms. The funds were used to provide food and water for displaced victims and pay for the rebuilding effort in Zhejiang and Fujian.[20]

The name Saomai was retired at the 39th annual meeting of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in Manila in December 2006.[21] In December 2007, the committee selected the name Son Tinh to replace Saomai on the Western Pacific basin name lists beginning in 2008.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ Typhoon Committee (2006-12-04). "Review of the 2006 Typhoon Season" (DOC). World Meteorological Organization.
  2. ^ "List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea". RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center. Retrieved August 11, 2006.
  3. ^ Duan Yihong. "Why were the impacts of Bilis and Saomai so severe?" (PDF). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
  4. ^ a b "Saomai moves past Guam, COR 1 remains". 2006-08-06. Retrieved August 11, 2006.
  5. ^ Template:Jp icon 台風0608号（0608 Saomai) (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. 2006. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  6. ^ "Super Typhoon 08W (Saomai) Best Track" (.TXT). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2007. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  7. ^ Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 2006 Saomai (2006216N07151). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  8. ^ "Super typhoon makes landfall (Chinese)". China Meteorological Administration. 2006-08-10. Retrieved August 13, 2006. [dead link]
  9. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness". U.S. Naval Forecast Detachment Atsugi, Japan. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
  10. ^ "Guam braces for Tropical Storm Saomai". Stars and Stripes. 2006-08-07. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
  11. ^ "Saomai poised to hit as Bopha departs Taiwan". Taiwan News. 2006-08-10. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
  12. ^ "China typhoon's death toll rises". BBC. 2006-08-10. Retrieved August 11, 2006.
  13. ^ "Eighty dead as typhoon hits China". BBC. 2006-08-10. Retrieved August 11, 2006.
  14. ^ "Typhoon Saomai pounds Taiwan". AFX News Limited. 2006-08-10. Retrieved August 12, 2006. [dead link]
  15. ^ a b c "Death toll from Saomai rises to 106, 191 still missing". Xinhua News Agency. 2006-08-12. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
  16. ^ "China's death toll rises to 134, 163 still missing". EITB. 2006-08-13. Retrieved August 13, 2006. [dead link]
  17. ^ "Death toll from Saomai rises to 214 in China". Xinhua News Agency. 2006-08-13. Retrieved August 13, 2006.
  18. ^ "300 dead, missing in China super typhoon". Bangkok Post. 2006-08-12. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
  19. ^ "China: Red Cross responds to worst typhoon in half a century". International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 2006-08-11. Retrieved 2006-08-19.
  20. ^ "Govt allocates $15.2 mln for natural disaster relief". Government of the People's Republic of China. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2006-09-15.
  21. ^ Template:Zh icon ESCAP/WMO台风委员会第三十九次届会在菲律宾召开
  22. ^ "Typhoon Committee adopt new typhoon name". China Meteorological Agency. 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
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