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→‎Libya capture ordeal in 2011: Seems to repeat previous paragraph on rosery beads..
To be fair, I'll include a mention of the Guardian article that questioned the material's legality in Britain
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On August 12, 2014, Foley's parents received an email from his captors taking issue with the [[U.S. government]], saying it had refused to pay ransoms, unlike other governments, refused to negotiate [[prisoner exchange]]s, and "had no motivation to deal with the Muslims except through force". The email's authors said they had left the U.S. alone since its "[[Iraq War|disgraceful defeat in Iraq]]," but would avenge the U.S. bombings, initially with the death of Foley. John Foley, the father of James, said he didn't realize how brutal his captors were. Even after receiving the email, he held out hope his son's release could still be negotiated.<ref name="ISemail">{{cite news|title=Jihadists sent chilling email to Foley family before execution|url=http://www.bignewsnetwork.com/index.php/sid/225005187|date=22 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014|publisher=''Big News Network.com''}}</ref> The family had reportedly been preparing to break U.S. law to pay a ransom (undisclosed amount) for his release.<ref name="FoleyRansom">{{cite news|title=IS jihadists demanded ransom to free Foley|url=http://www.middleeastnews.net/index.php/sid/224972441|date=21 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014|publisher=''Middle East News.Net''}}</ref>
On August 12, 2014, Foley's parents received an email from his captors taking issue with the [[U.S. government]], saying it had refused to pay ransoms, unlike other governments, refused to negotiate [[prisoner exchange]]s, and "had no motivation to deal with the Muslims except through force". The email's authors said they had left the U.S. alone since its "[[Iraq War|disgraceful defeat in Iraq]]," but would avenge the U.S. bombings, initially with the death of Foley. John Foley, the father of James, said he didn't realize how brutal his captors were. Even after receiving the email, he held out hope his son's release could still be negotiated.<ref name="ISemail">{{cite news|title=Jihadists sent chilling email to Foley family before execution|url=http://www.bignewsnetwork.com/index.php/sid/225005187|date=22 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014|publisher=''Big News Network.com''}}</ref> The family had reportedly been preparing to break U.S. law to pay a ransom (undisclosed amount) for his release.<ref name="FoleyRansom">{{cite news|title=IS jihadists demanded ransom to free Foley|url=http://www.middleeastnews.net/index.php/sid/224972441|date=21 August 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014|publisher=''Middle East News.Net''}}</ref>


Foley's whereabouts were unknown to most until August 19, 2014, when IS uploaded to [[YouTube]] a video<ref>{{cite web|url=magnet:?xt=urn:btih:VFFKTDZLZIZYDUVOOMFS5MJD2JCNC4IR&dn=James%20Foley%20beheaded%20journalist.mp4&tr=udp%3a%2f%2ftracker.openbittorrent.com%3a80&tr=udp%3a%2f%2ftracker.publicbt.com%3a80&tr=udp%3a%2f%2ftracker.istole.it%3a6969&tr=udp%3a%2f%2fopen.demonii.com%3a1337|title=James Foley beheaded|publisher=ISIS}} ''([[magnet link]] for a [[Bittorrent client]]; [[mp4]])''</ref> entitled ″A Message to America″. Though quickly deleted, it continued to circulate widely on other sites and was widly disseminated on [[social media]]. The video appears to have been filmed in several separate takes.<ref>[https://au.news.yahoo.com/a/24802225/foley-execution-footage-may-have-been-staged/ Foley execution footage 'may have been staged'], au.news.yahoo.com.</ref> The video does not show the actual moment of Foley’s decapitation, unlike previous beheading videos which usually show the entire act.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/world/middleeast/isis-james-foley-syria-execution.html|title=Militant Group Says It Killed American Journalist in Syria|work=[[New York Times]]|author=Rukmini Callimachi|date=August 19, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> After his corpse is shown, the masked man reveals that IS is holding another American journalist, [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] contributor [[Steven Joel Sotloff]], and said that he would be killed if U.S. President Obama did not halt air strikes against IS.<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/parts-of-james-foley-execution-video-may-have-been-acted-experts/story-fnb64oi6-1227031826105 Parts of James Foley execution video may have been acted: experts], theaustralian.com.au.</ref><ref name=cnn/> The video was shot at an unknown desert location, and media sources gave the name [[Jihadi John]] to the masked man who carried out the killing and made the threats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rise of "Jihadi John"|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-wp-wp-frgnp-bc-journalist-comment22-20140822-story.html#page=1|accessdate=22 August 2014|publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref>
Foley's whereabouts were unknown to most until August 19, 2014, when IS uploaded to [[YouTube]] a video<ref>{{cite web|url=magnet:?xt=urn:btih:VFFKTDZLZIZYDUVOOMFS5MJD2JCNC4IR&dn=James%20Foley%20beheaded%20journalist.mp4&tr=udp%3a%2f%2ftracker.openbittorrent.com%3a80&tr=udp%3a%2f%2ftracker.publicbt.com%3a80&tr=udp%3a%2f%2ftracker.istole.it%3a6969&tr=udp%3a%2f%2fopen.demonii.com%3a1337|title=James Foley beheaded|publisher=ISIS}} ''([[magnet link]] for a [[Bittorrent client]]; [[mp4]])'' The legality of this document in Britain has been questioned by ''[[The Guardian]]'' ([http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/aug/20/police-warn-james-foley-video-crime-social-media article]).</ref> entitled ″A Message to America″. Though quickly deleted, it continued to circulate widely on other sites and was widly disseminated on [[social media]]. The video appears to have been filmed in several separate takes.<ref>[https://au.news.yahoo.com/a/24802225/foley-execution-footage-may-have-been-staged/ Foley execution footage 'may have been staged'], au.news.yahoo.com.</ref> The video does not show the actual moment of Foley’s decapitation, unlike previous beheading videos which usually show the entire act.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/world/middleeast/isis-james-foley-syria-execution.html|title=Militant Group Says It Killed American Journalist in Syria|work=[[New York Times]]|author=Rukmini Callimachi|date=August 19, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> After his corpse is shown, the masked man reveals that IS is holding another American journalist, [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] contributor [[Steven Joel Sotloff]], and said that he would be killed if U.S. President Obama did not halt air strikes against IS.<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/parts-of-james-foley-execution-video-may-have-been-acted-experts/story-fnb64oi6-1227031826105 Parts of James Foley execution video may have been acted: experts], theaustralian.com.au.</ref><ref name=cnn/> The video was shot at an unknown desert location, and media sources gave the name [[Jihadi John]] to the masked man who carried out the killing and made the threats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rise of "Jihadi John"|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-wp-wp-frgnp-bc-journalist-comment22-20140822-story.html#page=1|accessdate=22 August 2014|publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref>


On August 19, 2014, Foley's family confirmed his death.<ref name=rik>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/american-missing-syria-journalist-heart-000311985.html|title=American killed in Syria a journalist at heart|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|agency=AP|author=Rik Steves|date=August 19, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name="bloom">{{cite web|last=Lerman|first=David|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-19/islamic-extremist-video-shows-beheading-of-american.html|title=Islamic Extremist Video Shows Beheading of U.S. Reporter|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=August 19, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> On August 20, 2014, the [[United States National Security Council]] confirmed that the video was authentic.<ref name=nsc>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/video-u-journalists-authentic-nsc-154740127.html|title=Video of U.S. journalists is authentic: NSC|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|agency=Reuters|date=August 20, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> Because the video fades out shortly after a calm Foley has the knife drawn across his neck several times without shedding blood, then skips to his corpse, some forensics analysts have suggested that the execution scene in the video could have been staged, with his death occurring off-camera at a later time, perhaps at the hands of a different executioner.<ref name=billgardner>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/journalists/bill-gardner/11054488/Foley-murder-video-may-have-been-staged.html|title=Foley murder video 'may have been staged'|publisher=The Telegraph|date=2014-08-25|author=Bill Gardner}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article4186089.ece|title=Foley video with Briton was staged, experts say|publisher=Times of London|date=2014-08-25}} ''(paywalled; preview includes annotated photo)''</ref> The same analyst said "No one is disputing that at some point an execution occurred."<ref name=billgardner/>
On August 19, 2014, Foley's family confirmed his death.<ref name=rik>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/american-missing-syria-journalist-heart-000311985.html|title=American killed in Syria a journalist at heart|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|agency=AP|author=Rik Steves|date=August 19, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name="bloom">{{cite web|last=Lerman|first=David|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-19/islamic-extremist-video-shows-beheading-of-american.html|title=Islamic Extremist Video Shows Beheading of U.S. Reporter|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=August 19, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> On August 20, 2014, the [[United States National Security Council]] confirmed that the video was authentic.<ref name=nsc>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/video-u-journalists-authentic-nsc-154740127.html|title=Video of U.S. journalists is authentic: NSC|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|agency=Reuters|date=August 20, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> Because the video fades out shortly after a calm Foley has the knife drawn across his neck several times without shedding blood, then skips to his corpse, some forensics analysts have suggested that the execution scene in the video could have been staged, with his death occurring off-camera at a later time, perhaps at the hands of a different executioner.<ref name=billgardner>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/journalists/bill-gardner/11054488/Foley-murder-video-may-have-been-staged.html|title=Foley murder video 'may have been staged'|publisher=The Telegraph|date=2014-08-25|author=Bill Gardner}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article4186089.ece|title=Foley video with Briton was staged, experts say|publisher=Times of London|date=2014-08-25}} ''(paywalled; preview includes annotated photo)''</ref> The same analyst said "No one is disputing that at some point an execution occurred."<ref name=billgardner/>

Revision as of 00:39, 26 August 2014

James Foley
File:James Foley in 2011.jpg
Foley in 2011
Born
James Wright Foley

(1973-10-18)October 18, 1973
Rochester, New Hampshire
Diedc. August 19, 2014(2014-08-19) (aged 40)
Syro-Arabian desert
Cause of deathBeheading
NationalityAmerican
Other namesJim Foley
Alma materMarquette University
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Medill School of Journalism
OccupationJournalist
EmployerFreelancer
Parent(s)John and Diane Foley

James Wright Foley (October 18, 1973 – c. August 19, 2014) was an American freelance journalist and photojournalist covering the Syrian Civil War for Agence France-Presse and GlobalPost when he was abducted on November 22, 2012 in northwestern Syria. Foley is reportedly the first American citizen killed by the self-proclaimed Islamic State (IS), an al-Qaida spinoff, also referred to as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIS or ISIL.[1]

Early life and education

Foley was a native of Rochester, New Hampshire,[2] and attended Kingswood Regional High School in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire.[3] He was the oldest of five children born to John and Diane Foley.[4] He was a Catholic.[5][6]

Foley graduated from Marquette University, a private, Jesuit Catholic institution, in 1996,[7] from the MFA Program for Poets & Writers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2003,[8] and from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism in 2008.[9]

Career

Foley began his career as a teacher in Arizona, Massachusetts, and Chicago for Teach For America (TFA). In the mid-2000s he changed careers to photojournalism.[10] In 2009, Foley worked for USAID-funded development projects in Baghdad, Iraq. He helped organize conferences and training seminars for a program designed to rebuild Iraq’s civil service, crippled by decades of isolation and autocratic administration. In 2010 he left Iraq and applied for military embed-journalist accommodation status in Afghanistan to become a freelance journalist.[11] He was an embedded journalist with US troops in Iraq, where his brother was serving as an officer in the United States Air Force.[11] In January 2011 he joined Stars and Stripes in Afghanistan, the official newspaper of the United States Armed Forces, connected with the Department of Defense but editorially separate. But in March 2011, he was fired from that newspaper for possession of marijuana.[12][13]

In 2011, while working for GlobalPost, Foley went to Libya to cover the uprising against Muammar Gaddafi, embedding himself with rebel fighters (Libyan Civil War).[10]

Libya capture ordeal in 2011

In April 2011, Foley and three other journalists were detained near Brega, Libya, by forces loyal to Gaddafi; fellow photojournalist Anton Hammerl was killed in the attack in which Foley was captured.[14][15] Foley was released from jail 44 days later [15] He returned to Milwaukee to thank the community for praying for his safe return.[16] In an interview, Foley said "You go through different emotions when you're in captivity... These weird extreme ideas of where you are based on this capture. You don't want to be defined as that guy who got captured in 2011. I believe front line journalism is important [without it] we can't tell the world how bad it might be."[17] He also wrote an article for Marquette Magazine about how rosary prayers helped get him through his captivity.[18][19] His experience of being captured did not deter him, he quickly returned to Libya, and was at the scene of Muammar Gaddafi’s capture with GlobalPost correspondent Tracey Shelton on October 20, 2011.[20]

Foley continued working as a freelancer for GlobalPost and other media outlets like Agence France-Presse during the Syrian Civil War.[21]

Kidnapping and death

Foley was kidnapped with his translator, in northwestern Syria on his way to the Turkish border on November 22, 2012.[22] The translator was later released.[23]

Sources close to the family said that at one point they believed he was kidnapped by Shabiha militia, a group loyal to Syrian President Bashar Assad, and he was held in a Syrian Air Force Intelligence complex in Damascus.[24][25]

According to Syrian sources, who have worked previously to locate and rescue kidnapped journalists in Syria, Foley was most likely used by another guerrilla group as a token of allegiance to ISIS. According to those sources, Foley was in the hands of the Dawood Bridgade, a group that was originally aligned with relatively moderate opposition groups such as the Free Syrian Army, but recently pledged allegiance to ISIS.[26] The Dawood Bridgade joined in July 2014 IS. [27]

Foley's captors demanded a 100 million euros in ransom (approximately 132 million US dollars) from Foley's family, GlobalPost, his employer, and the US for his release during negotiations from November to December 2013.[13][28][29] The chief executive officer of GlobalPost, Philip Balboni, stated that the company spent millions on efforts to bring Foley home, including hiring an international security firm. In September 2013 the firm was able to locate Foley and had been able to follow his locations. He had moved many times during his captivity.[29][30][31]

In July 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama authorized a “substantial and complex” rescue operation after US intelligence agencies said a “broad collection of intelligence” led to believe that the hostages were being held at a specific location in Syria. However, the mission failed because the hostages had been moved.[32] The operation involved special operations forces from multiple branches of the military, including the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, helicopters, fixed wing aircraft and drones.[33] When US Delta Force commandos landed in the eastern Syrian city of Raqqa, they were met with gunfire and it became apparent the hostages had been moved.[34] The special forces engaged in a firefight in which IS suffered casualties and American forces suffered a single minor injury. Foley and the other hostages were not located. The operation was only de-classified after Foley's death. It represented the first confirmation of U.S. troops operating on the ground within Syria during the Syrian Civil War.[32][35]

On August 12, 2014, Foley's parents received an email from his captors taking issue with the U.S. government, saying it had refused to pay ransoms, unlike other governments, refused to negotiate prisoner exchanges, and "had no motivation to deal with the Muslims except through force". The email's authors said they had left the U.S. alone since its "disgraceful defeat in Iraq," but would avenge the U.S. bombings, initially with the death of Foley. John Foley, the father of James, said he didn't realize how brutal his captors were. Even after receiving the email, he held out hope his son's release could still be negotiated.[36] The family had reportedly been preparing to break U.S. law to pay a ransom (undisclosed amount) for his release.[37]

Foley's whereabouts were unknown to most until August 19, 2014, when IS uploaded to YouTube a video[38] entitled ″A Message to America″. Though quickly deleted, it continued to circulate widely on other sites and was widly disseminated on social media. The video appears to have been filmed in several separate takes.[39] The video does not show the actual moment of Foley’s decapitation, unlike previous beheading videos which usually show the entire act.[40] After his corpse is shown, the masked man reveals that IS is holding another American journalist, Time magazine contributor Steven Joel Sotloff, and said that he would be killed if U.S. President Obama did not halt air strikes against IS.[41][9] The video was shot at an unknown desert location, and media sources gave the name Jihadi John to the masked man who carried out the killing and made the threats.[42]

On August 19, 2014, Foley's family confirmed his death.[43][44] On August 20, 2014, the United States National Security Council confirmed that the video was authentic.[45] Because the video fades out shortly after a calm Foley has the knife drawn across his neck several times without shedding blood, then skips to his corpse, some forensics analysts have suggested that the execution scene in the video could have been staged, with his death occurring off-camera at a later time, perhaps at the hands of a different executioner.[46][47] The same analyst said "No one is disputing that at some point an execution occurred."[46]

His mother, Diane Foley, posted on the "Free James Foley" page on Facebook: "We have never been prouder of our son Jim, he gave his life trying to expose the world to the suffering of the Syrian people".[7] Pope Francis called Foley's family to express his condolences.[48] Foley's brother said he believed the U.S. government could have done more to save James during hostage negotiations, due to the government's policy of not paying ransom and other unspecified issues.[49]

The U.S. Justice Department is pursuing a criminal investigation into the beheading death of James Foley, Attorney General Eric H. Holder announced on August 21: “We will not forget what happened and people will be held accountable, one way or the other”.[50]

Honors

On August 22, 2014, Indian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik created a sculpture depicting the face of Foley, made of four tons of sand on the beach of Puri city in the eastern province of Odisha. The sculpture, with a message reading "Don't kill innocents!", drew a sizeable crowd on the beach.[51]

The James Foley Scholarship in the J. William and Mary Diederich College of Communication was established at Marquette University in his honor.[52][53]

See also

References

  1. ^ Alyssa Newcomb (August 20, 2014). "Another American hostage threatened with death". CBS News. World News. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  2. ^ Arkin, Daniel (August 19, 2014). "James Wright Foley, Kidnapped Journalist, Apparently Executed by ISIS". NBC News. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  3. ^ Marquard, Bryan; Sampson, Zachary T. (August 21, 2014). "James Foley, exemplar of bravery to many, dies at 40". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  4. ^ Hoai-Tran Bui (August 20, 2014). "Foley set out to record 'most dangerous things'". USA Today. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  5. ^ Levitz, Jennifer (August 20, 2014). "In Fear and Violence, Slain U.S. Journalist Found Humanity". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  6. ^ Reston, Maeve (August 20, 2014). "Slain journalist James Foley's hometown in New Hampshire grieves". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Johnson, Annysa; Barton, Gina (August 20, 2014). "Islamic militants execute journalist, MU grad James Foley". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  8. ^ Lederman, Diane (20 August 2014). "James Foley, journalist reportedly slain by ISIS, is UMass-Amherst graduate". The Republican. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  9. ^ a b "Video shows ISIS beheading U.S. journalist James Foley". CNN. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Profile: James Foley, US journalist beheaded by Islamic State". BBC News. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  11. ^ a b Devoss, David (September 1, 2014). "James Foley, 1973-2014". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  12. ^ Anderson, Wayne (August 20, 2014). "Remembering James Foley". The Anderson Report. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Before Killing James Foley, ISIS demanded Ransom From U.S." Middle East News.Net. 20 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ Harris, Elizabeth A. (April 7, 2011). "Four Foreign Journalists Held in Libya". New York Times. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  15. ^ a b Begley, Patrick (August 20, 2014). "James Foley describes his capture in Libya". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  16. ^ Sater, Terry (August 19, 2014). "Kidnapped journalist James Foley reportedly killed". WISN-TV. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  17. ^ James Foley (May 27, 2011). "Global Post journalist James Foley talks about being captured in Libya". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  18. ^ "Faith, prayer sources of strength for slain U.S. journalist, his family". Catholic News Service. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  19. ^ Foley, James. "Phone call home". Marquette Magazine. Marquette University. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  20. ^ "Foley beheading video followed prior threat". GlobalPost. August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  21. ^ "Foley beheading video shocks the world, Obama says". BBC News. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  22. ^ "American journalist likely being held by Syrian government". Shalon. May 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1= and |2= (help)
  23. ^ "FBI profile: James Wright Foley". FBI. Archived from the original on 2014-07-19. Retrieved August 20, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Nickisch, Curt (May 3, 2013). "N.H. Family: Missing Journalist James Foley In Syrian Prison". Boston: WBUR-FM. NPR. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  25. ^ Kelley, Michael B. (August 20, 2014). "One Big Question Surrounds The Murder Of US Journalist James Foley By ISIS". Business Insider. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  26. ^ Banco, Erin. "James Foley Allegedly Used As Token Of Allegiance By Group That Joined ISIS". Internatonal Business Times]date=August 20, 2014.
  27. ^ Banco, Erin. "Syrian Opposition Braces For Second Battle For Aleppo, Still Hopes For US Support". Internatonal Business Times]date= July 08 2014.
  28. ^ Cassandra Vinograd and Erin McClam (August 21, 2014). "ISIS Demanded $132 Million for Release of Journalist James Foley". NBC News. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  29. ^ a b "Report: ISIS Demanded $132 Million Ransom For James Foley's Release". CBS. Washington D.C. AP. August 21, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  30. ^ "GlobalPost CEO Shares Details Of Fight To Save James Foley". National Public Radio. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  31. ^ Sampson, Zachary T. (August 20, 2014). "Militants sent e-mails to James Foley's family, GlobalPost CEO says". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  32. ^ a b Julia Pace (August 20, 2014). "Officials: U.S. rescue mission in Syria failed". Yahoo! News. AP. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  33. ^ Ackerman, Spencer (August 21, 2014). "US reveals failed special forces rescue mission within Syria". The Guardian. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  34. ^ Oliver Holmes and Jason Szep (August 23, 2014). "U.S. hostage rescuers dropped from night sky, Syria activist says". Yahoo! News. Reuters. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  35. ^ "Pentagon admits failure of operation to free Americans held by jihadists". Big News Network.com. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  36. ^ "Jihadists sent chilling email to Foley family before execution". Big News Network.com. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  37. ^ "IS jihadists demanded ransom to free Foley". Middle East News.Net. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  38. ^ "James Foley beheaded". ISIS. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help) (magnet link for a Bittorrent client; mp4) The legality of this document in Britain has been questioned by The Guardian (article).
  39. ^ Foley execution footage 'may have been staged', au.news.yahoo.com.
  40. ^ Rukmini Callimachi (August 19, 2014). "Militant Group Says It Killed American Journalist in Syria". New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  41. ^ Parts of James Foley execution video may have been acted: experts, theaustralian.com.au.
  42. ^ "Rise of "Jihadi John"". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  43. ^ Rik Steves (August 19, 2014). "American killed in Syria a journalist at heart". Yahoo! News. AP. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  44. ^ Lerman, David (August 19, 2014). "Islamic Extremist Video Shows Beheading of U.S. Reporter". Bloomberg News. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  45. ^ "Video of U.S. journalists is authentic: NSC". Yahoo! News. Reuters. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  46. ^ a b Bill Gardner (2014-08-25). "Foley murder video 'may have been staged'". The Telegraph.
  47. ^ "Foley video with Briton was staged, experts say". Times of London. 2014-08-25. (paywalled; preview includes annotated photo)
  48. ^ "Pope Francis Calls Slain Journalist James Foley's Family". NBC News. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  49. ^ Katie Couric and Liz Goodwin (August 22, 2014). "James Foley's brother: The U.S. could have done more for Jim". Yahoo! News. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  50. ^ By S.A. Miller. "Justice Department investigating terrorist killing of James Foley". Washington Times. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  51. ^ Indian artist sculpts sand art decrying killing of US journalist - Video Dailymotion
  52. ^ "James Foley scholarship, Marquette University" Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  53. ^ "Foley's parents say his Marquette experience sparked his life's mission". Jsonline.com. Retrieved 2014-08-24.

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