Quadriceps: Difference between revisions
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{{Redirect|Quads|other uses|Quad (disambiguation){{!}}Quad}} |
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the only weapon against giganiga |
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{{Distinguish|quadratus femoris}} |
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{{Infobox Muscle |
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| Name = Quadriceps femoris muscle |
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| Latin = musculus quadriceps femoris |
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| GraySubject = 128 |
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| GrayPage = 470 |
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| Image = Quadriceps 3D.gif |
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| Caption = Quadriceps femoris, with different muscles in different colors. <br> ''[[rectus femoris]] -'' blue<br>''[[vastus lateralis]] -'' yellow<br>''[[vastus intermedialis]] -'' green<br>''[[vastus medialis]] -'' red |
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| Image2 = |
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| Caption2 = |
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| Origin = combined [[rectus femoris]] and [[vastus]] muscles |
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| Insertion = tibial tuberosity |
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| Blood = [[femoral artery]] |
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| Nerve = [[Femoral nerve]] |
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| Action = [[Knee]] [[Extension (kinesiology)|extension]]; [[Hip]] [[flexion]] (R.Fem. only) |
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| Antagonist |
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| MeshName = |
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| MeshNumber = |
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| Dorlands = nine/000622176 |
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| DorlandsID = Quadriceps femoris muscle |
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}} |
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The '''quadriceps femoris''' ({{IPAc-en|'|k|w|ɒ|d|r|ɨ|s|ɛ|p|s|_|'|f|ɛ|m|ə|r|ɨ|s|}}) ([[Latin]] for "four-headed [[muscle]] of the [[femur]]"), also called simply the '''quadriceps''', '''quadriceps extensor''', or '''quads''', is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the [[thigh]]. It is the great [[Extension (kinesiology)|extensor]] muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the [[femur]]. |
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==Structure== |
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[[File:Quadriceps.png|left|thumb|200px|The quadriceps consists of four separate muscles]] |
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It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: |
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*[[Rectus femoris]] occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the [[ilium (bone)|ilium]]. It is named from its straight course. |
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*The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the [[femur]], which they cover from the [[Human trochanter|trochanter]]s to the [[Condyle (anatomy)|condyle]]s: |
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**[[Vastus lateralis]] is on the ''lateral side'' of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh). |
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**[[Vastus medialis]] is on the ''medial side'' of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh). |
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**[[Vastus intermedius]] lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the ''front'' of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh), but deep to the rectus femoris. Typically, it cannot be seen without dissection of the rectus femoris. |
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All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the [[tibial tuberosity]] of the [[tibia]]. This is via the [[patella]], where the [[quadriceps tendon]] becomes the [[patellar ligament]], which then attaches to the tibia. |
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There is a fifth muscle of the quadriceps complex that is often forgotten and rarely taught called [[articularis genus]]. |
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===Innervation=== |
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[[Femoral nerve]] (L1, L2, L3, L4). |
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==Function== |
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All four quadriceps are powerful [[Extension (kinesiology)|extensors]] of the [[knee]] joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting. Because [[rectus femoris]] attaches to the ilium, it is also a [[flexion|flexor]] of the hip. This action is also crucial to walking or running as it swings the leg forward into the ensuing step. The quadriceps, specifically the [[vastus medialis]], play the important role of stabilizing the [[patella]] and the knee joint during gait.<ref name="Kisner">Therapeutic Exercises, Carolyn Kisner & Lynn A. Colby, 5th ed. (2002) 692-93.</ref> |
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==Society and culture== |
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===Training=== |
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In [[strength training]], the quadriceps are trained by several leg exercises. Effective exercises include the [[squat (exercise)|squat]] and [[leg press]]. The isolation movement (i.e. targets solely the quadriceps) is the [[leg extension]] exercise. |
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==History== |
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===Etymology=== |
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The proper Latin [[plural]] form of the [[adjective]] ''quadriceps'' would be ''quadricipites''. In modern English usage, ''quadriceps'' is used in both [[Grammatical number|singular]] and plural. The singular form ''quadricep'', produced by [[back-formation]], is frequently used. |
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==Additional images== |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Knee diagram.svg|Knee diagram |
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Image:Gray351.png|Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect. |
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Image:Gray432 color.png|Cross-section through the middle of the thigh. |
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Image:Gray430.png|Anterior aspect of right leg. |
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Image:Gray1238.png|Front and medial aspect of right thigh. |
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Image:Gray1240.png|Lateral aspect of right leg. |
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Image:LegExtensionMachineExercise.JPG|The ''leg extension'' is an isolation exercise. |
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File:Slide1dddd.JPG|Quadriceps muscle |
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File:Slide2dddd.JPG|Quadriceps muscle |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
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{{Anatomy-terms}} |
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*[[Hamstring]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons}} |
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*{{DukeOrtho|Quadriceps_muscle}} |
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*{{Exrx|Muscles/Quadriceps}} |
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*{{RocheLexicon|39960.000-1}} |
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*[http://www.fitstep.com/Advanced/Anatomy/Quadriceps.htm Anatomy of the Quadriceps Muscles - Fitstep.com] |
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*[http://www.floota.com/quadricepsstretch.html Stretching the Quadriceps] |
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{{Muscles of lower limb}} |
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[[Category:Knee extensors]] |
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[[Category:Thigh muscles]] |
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[[Category:Anterior compartment of thigh]] |
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[[Category:Muscles of the lower limb]] |
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Revision as of 14:19, 27 October 2014
| Quadriceps femoris muscle | |
|---|---|
 Quadriceps femoris, with different muscles in different colors. rectus femoris - blue vastus lateralis - yellow vastus intermedialis - green vastus medialis - red | |
| Details | |
| Origin | combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles |
| Insertion | tibial tuberosity |
| Artery | femoral artery |
| Nerve | Femoral nerve |
| Actions | Knee extension; Hip flexion (R.Fem. only) |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculus quadriceps femoris |
| MeSH | D052097 |
| TA98 | A04.7.02.017 |
| TA2 | 2613 |
| FMA | 22428 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
The quadriceps femoris (/ˈkwɒdr[invalid input: 'ɨ']sɛps ˈfɛmər[invalid input: 'ɨ']s/) (Latin for "four-headed muscle of the femur"), also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, or quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur.
Structure
It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names:
- Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course.
- The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles:
- Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh).
- Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh).
- Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh), but deep to the rectus femoris. Typically, it cannot be seen without dissection of the rectus femoris.
All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. This is via the patella, where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament, which then attaches to the tibia.
There is a fifth muscle of the quadriceps complex that is often forgotten and rarely taught called articularis genus.
Innervation
Femoral nerve (L1, L2, L3, L4).
Function
All four quadriceps are powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting. Because rectus femoris attaches to the ilium, it is also a flexor of the hip. This action is also crucial to walking or running as it swings the leg forward into the ensuing step. The quadriceps, specifically the vastus medialis, play the important role of stabilizing the patella and the knee joint during gait.[1]
Society and culture
Training
In strength training, the quadriceps are trained by several leg exercises. Effective exercises include the squat and leg press. The isolation movement (i.e. targets solely the quadriceps) is the leg extension exercise.
History
Etymology
The proper Latin plural form of the adjective quadriceps would be quadricipites. In modern English usage, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural. The singular form quadricep, produced by back-formation, is frequently used.
Additional images
-
Knee diagram -
Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect. -
Cross-section through the middle of the thigh. -
Anterior aspect of right leg. -
Front and medial aspect of right thigh. -
Lateral aspect of right leg. -
The leg extension is an isolation exercise. -
Quadriceps muscle -
Quadriceps muscle
See also
References
- ^ Therapeutic Exercises, Carolyn Kisner & Lynn A. Colby, 5th ed. (2002) 692-93.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quadriceps femoris muscles.