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}}The '''Islamic Defenders Front''' ({{lang-ar| الجبهة الدفاعة الاسلميه}}; {{lang-id|Front Pembela Islam (FPI)}} ) is a socio-religious organization group in [[Indonesia]].<ref>Yudi Pramuko (2006) ''Habib-FPI gempur Playboy?! : rahasia sukses dakwah/ Syahrul Efendi D., Yudi Pramuko Jakarta. ISBN 979-99634-3-5 Revision of the author's thesis (S-1)--Institut Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Alquran, 2002.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Frost | first = Frank | coauthors = Rann, Ann & Chin, Andrew | title = Terrorism in Southeast Asia | publisher = Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library | url = http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/FAD/sea.htm | accessdate = 2010-11-30}}</ref>
}}The '''Islamic Defenders Front''' ({{lang-ar| الجبهة الدفاعة الاسلميه}}; {{lang-id|Front Pembela Islam (FPI)}} ) is a socio-religious organization group in [[Indonesia]], notorious for [[hate crime]]s and [[violence]]s in the defense of Islam.<ref>Yudi Pramuko (2006) ''Habib-FPI gempur Playboy?! : rahasia sukses dakwah/ Syahrul Efendi D., Yudi Pramuko Jakarta. ISBN 979-99634-3-5 Revision of the author's thesis (S-1)--Institut Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Alquran, 2002.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Frost | first = Frank | coauthors = Rann, Ann & Chin, Andrew | title = Terrorism in Southeast Asia | publisher = Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library | url = http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/FAD/sea.htm | accessdate = 2010-11-30}}</ref>

There have been calls by Indonesians, including from moderate Muslims, for the group to be banned.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Suryakusuma
| first = Julia | title = INDONESIA'S 'ISLAMOFASCISTS' | publisher = Straits Times | date = 12 June 2008 | url = http://app.mfa.gov.sg/pr/read_content.asp?View,10330, | accessdate = 2010-11-30}}</ref>

==Background and aims==
The FPI was founded on 17 August 1998 by [[Muhammad Rizieq Shihab|Habib Muhammad Rizieq Syihab]]. The establishment enjoyed backing from military and police generals, including former Jakarta Police Chief Nugroho Jayusman. It is also associated with former [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] commander [[Wiranto]]. The organization's aim is the implementation of Islamic [shariah] law in Indonesia, although an International Crisis Report called it "an urban thug organization".<ref>{{Citation | last = Budi Setiyarso et al | title = Street Warriors | newspaper = Tempo magazine, English edition | pages = 41 | date = 30 November 2010 }}</ref><ref name="ICG">{{Cite journal | title = Indonesia: Implications of the Ahmadiyah Decree | journal = International Crisis Group Update Briefing | issue = 78 | publisher = International Crisis Group | location = Jakarta/Brussels | date = 7 July 2008
| url = http://se2.isn.ch/serviceengine/Files/RESSpecNet/89108/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/53855662-307C-44BB-99E9-CC35F6637DC1/en/b78_indonesia_ahmadiyah_decree.pdf | accessdate = 2010-11-30}}</ref>
Based on [[Wikileaks]] in leaked US diplomatic cables say the FPI receives funding from the police.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/09/05/wikileaks-national-police-funded-fpi-hard-liners.html |title=WikiLeaks: National Police funded FPI hard-liners |date=September 5, 2011}}</ref>

==Violence==
The police have recorded that the FPI engaged in 29 cases of violence and destructive behaviour in 2010 and 5 cases in 2011 in the following provinces: [[West Java]], [[Banten Province]], [[Central Java]], [[North Sumatra]] and [[South Sumatra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.kompas.com/read/2012/02/19/08095913/FPI.Involved.in.34.Violence.Cases.in.2010-2011 |title=FPI Involved in 34 Violence Cases in 2010-2011 |date=February 19, 2012}}</ref>

They also often threaten the safety and well-being of their targets, as in [[Born This Way Ball#Controversies|the case of Lady Gaga's Born This Way tour]],<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18224783|title=Lady Gaga 'devastated' as Indonesia concert cancelled}}</ref> violating Indonesian law against violent threat on Kitab Undang-Undang Pidana, pasal 336.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hukum.unsrat.ac.id/uu/kuhpidana.htm|title=KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA}}</ref>

Some targets of their violence are:
*on 1 June 2008, it staged an attack against members of the National Alliance for the Freedom of Faith and Religion, who were holding a rally near the [[Monas]] monument in the city center. This caused outrage, and led to the arrest of FPI leader Rizieq Syihab.<ref>{{Cite news | last = | first = | title = Hard-liners ambush Monas rally | newspaper = [[The Jakarta Post]]| location = Jakarta | date = 2 June 2008 | url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/06/02/hardliners-ambush-monas-rally.html | accessdate = 2010-11-30}}</ref>
*In June 2010, along with other organizations, the FPI attacked a meeting on free healthcare in [[East Java]], under the mistaken impression it was a meeting of the banned [[Communist Party of Indonesia]].<ref name="ICG"/><ref>{{Cite news | last = | first = | title = ‘Deplorable’ FPI Strikes Again | newspaper = [[The Jakarta Globe]] | location = Jakarta | date = 25 June 2010 | url = http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/deplorable-fpi-strikes-again/382537 | accessdate = 2010-11-30}}</ref>
* Ahmadiyya Muslims. Three members of the Ahmadiyya community were beaten to death on 6 February at 2011 when a 1,000 strong mob wielding rocks, machetes, swords and spears stormed the house of an Ahmadi leader in Cikeusik, Banten.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/indonesia-ahmadiyya-killings-verdicts-will-not-stem-discrimination-2011-07-28|title=Indonesia: Ahmadiyya killings verdicts will not stem discrimination}}</ref> Hard-line Islamic groups attacked the Ahmadiyah headquarters near Bogor and assaulted its members in many areas such as in East Lombok, Manislor, Tasikmalaya, Parung, Garut, Cikeusik, and other regions as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/lifelived/indonesias-ahmadis-look-for-a-home-in-novel/522461|title=Indonesia's Ahmadis Look for a Home in Novel}}</ref>

*Churchgoers at many churches. Notable cases includes GKI Yasmin Bogor, and HKBP Church Bekasi. Using violence to force them to close their church.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/01/24/173379395/Masalah-GKI-Yasmin-Jadi-Catatan-Dunia|title=Masalah GKI Yasmin Jadi Catatan Dunia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/bekasi-fpi-leader-murhali-implicated-in-stabbing-of-hkbp-church-elder/396223|title=Bekasi FPI Leader Murhali Implicated in Stabbing of HKBP Church Elder}}</ref> FPI also endorsed Singkil administration on closing around 20 churches at Singkil, Aceh. The Singkil case is problematic, because the local administration law being used is not accordance to the Indonesian constitution which guarantees freedom of religious practices.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pgi.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=409:catatan-kronologis-penyegelan-gereja-gereja-di-aceh-singkil&catid=95:liputan-pgi&Itemid=486|title=Catatan Kronologis Penyegelan Gereja-gereja di Aceh Singkil}}</ref>
*[[LBGT]] activists, such as [[Lady Gaga]] <ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> and Irshad Manji <ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/05/10/irshad-manji-book-tour-in-indonesia-runs-into-trouble-with-islamic-thugs/|title=Irshad Manji book tour in Indonesia runs into trouble with Islamic ‘thugs'}}</ref> accused by them as devils.
*Shops at Garut that sell alcohol.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/garut-police-take-a-stance-against-fpi/521012|title=Garut Police Take a Stance Against FPI}}</ref>
*''[[Playboy Indonesia]]''

== Rejection in Central Kalimantan ==
On February 11, 2012 hundreds of protesters from the local community in [[Palangkaraya]], [[Central Kalimantan]] mainly from the [[Dayak people|Dayak]] tribe, staged a protest at the [[Tjilik Riwut Airport]] to block the arrival of four senior leaders of the FPI Islamic hardline group, which wanted to inaugurate the provincial branch of the organization. Due to concerns about security, the management of the airport ordered all FPI members to remain on board of the aircraft while other passengers disembarked. The FPI members were then flown to [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]. The deputy chairman of the Central Kalimantan Dayak Tribe Council (DAD) later said that the organization had asked the Central Kalimantan Police to ban the FPI provincial chapter as the FPI's presence would create tension, particularly as Central Kalimantan is known as a place conducive to religious harmony.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/11/senior-fpi-officials-booted-out-palangkaraya.html |title=Senior FPI officials booted out of Palangkaraya |date=February 11, 2012}}</ref>
A formal letter from the Central Kalimantan administration stated that they firmly rejected the FPI and would not let them establish a chapter in the province because it contradicts the local wisdom of the Dayak tribe that upholds peace. The letter was sent to the Minister of Coordination of Political, Legal and Security Affairs with copies being sent to the President of Indonesia, the People's Consultative Assembly Chief, the Speaker of the House, the Chief of the Constitutional Court, the Home Minister and the National Police Chief.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/23/central-kalimantan-officially-rejects-fpi.html |title=Central Kalimantan officially rejects FPI |date=February 23, 2012}}</ref>

== Activities ==
FPI does not always act violently. In many occasions, FPI also participates in social activities. For example, during Aceh earthquake FPI was a group of volunteers which could dig up the bodies. FPI also participated in helping victims of Yogyakarta earthquake, as well as build houses for poor alongside the ministry internal affairs. FPI also went to Padang in West Sumatra to help victims of Padang earthquake.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.islampos.com/pemberitaan-fpi-yang-tidak-diekspos-media-145676/|title=Pemberitaan FPI yang Tidak Diekspos Media|language=id|first=Ahmad|last=Suwarno|work=IslamPos|date=November 16, 2014|accessdate=November 16, 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{portal|Indonesia}}

* {{id}} [http://www.fpi.or.id/ Front Pembela Islam's Official Website]
* {{id}} [http://fpi-online.blogspot.com/ FPI Online]
* {{id}} [http://sejarahfpi.blogspot.com/ FPI & LPI's History]
* {{id}} [http://fpipetamburan.blogspot.com/ Sunday, June 1, 2008 Monas provocation chronology]

{{IslamismSEA}}
* http://www.ruanghati.com/2011/09/03/wikileaks-front-pembela-islam-fpi-attack-dog-nya-polri-ada-tokoh-polisi-dibaliknya/

[[Category:Far-right politics]]
[[Category:Islamist groups]]
[[Category:Islam in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Islamism in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Islamism]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1998]]

Revision as of 03:57, 6 April 2015

Islamic Defenders Front
Formation17 August 1998
FounderMuhammad Rizieq Shihab
TypeSocio-religious organization
HeadquartersJakarta, Indonesia
Location
Coordinates6°11′41″S 106°48′29″E / 6.194717°S 106.808158°E / -6.194717; 106.808158
Region served
Indonesia
Official language
Indonesian
Chairman
Muhsin bin Ahmad Alatas, L.c.
Websitehttp://www.fpi.or.id

The Islamic Defenders Front (Arabic: الجبهة الدفاعة الاسلميه; Indonesian: Front Pembela Islam (FPI) ) is a socio-religious organization group in Indonesia, notorious for hate crimes and violences in the defense of Islam.[1][2]

There have been calls by Indonesians, including from moderate Muslims, for the group to be banned.[3]

Background and aims

The FPI was founded on 17 August 1998 by Habib Muhammad Rizieq Syihab. The establishment enjoyed backing from military and police generals, including former Jakarta Police Chief Nugroho Jayusman. It is also associated with former Indonesian National Armed Forces commander Wiranto. The organization's aim is the implementation of Islamic [shariah] law in Indonesia, although an International Crisis Report called it "an urban thug organization".[4][5] Based on Wikileaks in leaked US diplomatic cables say the FPI receives funding from the police.[6]

Violence

The police have recorded that the FPI engaged in 29 cases of violence and destructive behaviour in 2010 and 5 cases in 2011 in the following provinces: West Java, Banten Province, Central Java, North Sumatra and South Sumatra.[7]

They also often threaten the safety and well-being of their targets, as in the case of Lady Gaga's Born This Way tour,[8] violating Indonesian law against violent threat on Kitab Undang-Undang Pidana, pasal 336.[9]

Some targets of their violence are:

  • on 1 June 2008, it staged an attack against members of the National Alliance for the Freedom of Faith and Religion, who were holding a rally near the Monas monument in the city center. This caused outrage, and led to the arrest of FPI leader Rizieq Syihab.[10]
  • In June 2010, along with other organizations, the FPI attacked a meeting on free healthcare in East Java, under the mistaken impression it was a meeting of the banned Communist Party of Indonesia.[5][11]
  • Ahmadiyya Muslims. Three members of the Ahmadiyya community were beaten to death on 6 February at 2011 when a 1,000 strong mob wielding rocks, machetes, swords and spears stormed the house of an Ahmadi leader in Cikeusik, Banten.[12] Hard-line Islamic groups attacked the Ahmadiyah headquarters near Bogor and assaulted its members in many areas such as in East Lombok, Manislor, Tasikmalaya, Parung, Garut, Cikeusik, and other regions as well.[13]
  • Churchgoers at many churches. Notable cases includes GKI Yasmin Bogor, and HKBP Church Bekasi. Using violence to force them to close their church.[14][15] FPI also endorsed Singkil administration on closing around 20 churches at Singkil, Aceh. The Singkil case is problematic, because the local administration law being used is not accordance to the Indonesian constitution which guarantees freedom of religious practices.[16]
  • LBGT activists, such as Lady Gaga [8] and Irshad Manji [17] accused by them as devils.
  • Shops at Garut that sell alcohol.[18]
  • Playboy Indonesia

Rejection in Central Kalimantan

On February 11, 2012 hundreds of protesters from the local community in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan mainly from the Dayak tribe, staged a protest at the Tjilik Riwut Airport to block the arrival of four senior leaders of the FPI Islamic hardline group, which wanted to inaugurate the provincial branch of the organization. Due to concerns about security, the management of the airport ordered all FPI members to remain on board of the aircraft while other passengers disembarked. The FPI members were then flown to Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. The deputy chairman of the Central Kalimantan Dayak Tribe Council (DAD) later said that the organization had asked the Central Kalimantan Police to ban the FPI provincial chapter as the FPI's presence would create tension, particularly as Central Kalimantan is known as a place conducive to religious harmony.[19] A formal letter from the Central Kalimantan administration stated that they firmly rejected the FPI and would not let them establish a chapter in the province because it contradicts the local wisdom of the Dayak tribe that upholds peace. The letter was sent to the Minister of Coordination of Political, Legal and Security Affairs with copies being sent to the President of Indonesia, the People's Consultative Assembly Chief, the Speaker of the House, the Chief of the Constitutional Court, the Home Minister and the National Police Chief.[20]

Activities

FPI does not always act violently. In many occasions, FPI also participates in social activities. For example, during Aceh earthquake FPI was a group of volunteers which could dig up the bodies. FPI also participated in helping victims of Yogyakarta earthquake, as well as build houses for poor alongside the ministry internal affairs. FPI also went to Padang in West Sumatra to help victims of Padang earthquake.[21]

References

  1. ^ Yudi Pramuko (2006) Habib-FPI gempur Playboy?! : rahasia sukses dakwah/ Syahrul Efendi D., Yudi Pramuko Jakarta. ISBN 979-99634-3-5 Revision of the author's thesis (S-1)--Institut Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Alquran, 2002.
  2. ^ Frost, Frank. "Terrorism in Southeast Asia". Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Retrieved 2010-11-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Suryakusuma, Julia (12 June 2008). "INDONESIA'S 'ISLAMOFASCISTS'". Straits Times. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
  4. ^ Budi Setiyarso; et al. (30 November 2010), "Street Warriors", Tempo magazine, English edition, p. 41 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last= (help)
  5. ^ a b "Indonesia: Implications of the Ahmadiyah Decree" (PDF). International Crisis Group Update Briefing (78). Jakarta/Brussels: International Crisis Group. 7 July 2008. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
  6. ^ "WikiLeaks: National Police funded FPI hard-liners". September 5, 2011.
  7. ^ "FPI Involved in 34 Violence Cases in 2010-2011". February 19, 2012.
  8. ^ a b "Lady Gaga 'devastated' as Indonesia concert cancelled".
  9. ^ "KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA".
  10. ^ "Hard-liners ambush Monas rally". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 2 June 2008. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
  11. ^ "'Deplorable' FPI Strikes Again". The Jakarta Globe. Jakarta. 25 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
  12. ^ "Indonesia: Ahmadiyya killings verdicts will not stem discrimination".
  13. ^ "Indonesia's Ahmadis Look for a Home in Novel".
  14. ^ "Masalah GKI Yasmin Jadi Catatan Dunia".
  15. ^ "Bekasi FPI Leader Murhali Implicated in Stabbing of HKBP Church Elder".
  16. ^ "Catatan Kronologis Penyegelan Gereja-gereja di Aceh Singkil".
  17. ^ "Irshad Manji book tour in Indonesia runs into trouble with Islamic 'thugs'".
  18. ^ "Garut Police Take a Stance Against FPI".
  19. ^ "Senior FPI officials booted out of Palangkaraya". February 11, 2012.
  20. ^ "Central Kalimantan officially rejects FPI". February 23, 2012.
  21. ^ Suwarno, Ahmad (November 16, 2014). "Pemberitaan FPI yang Tidak Diekspos Media". IslamPos (in Indonesian). Retrieved November 16, 2014.
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