Personal finance

Personal finance is keeping household finances separate from those of business. It addresses the ways in which individuals or families raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account various financial risks and future life events.

Personal Income

Personal income is the basis of personal finances and does not include borrowed money in any form. Where personal income should come from has been controversial since money was first invented. Some feel personal income should be earned; others conclude that would be impossible. As a result, modern nations are to a greater or lesser degree welfare states.

The financial planning process

The financial planning process is a dynamic process that requires regular monitoring and reevaluation. In general, it has five steps: (assessing your situation, setting goals, crafting a plan, taking action, and monitoring your progress)

1. Assessing your financial situation is usually done by compiling several lists. These lists are simplified versions of corporate balance sheets and income statements. On your personal balance sheet, you list all your assets (e.g., car, house, clothes, stocks, bank account) and give their values. You also list all your liabilities (e.g., credit card debt, bank loan, mortgage) and give their values. Subtracting your total liabilities from your total assets will indicate your personal net worth. To understand how your personal net worth will change in the future, you compile what is called a personal cash flow statement. This lists your income, and your expenses. By subtracting your expenses from your income, you obtain your net cash flow for the period. If your net cash flow is positive, your personal net worth will increase. Most people grossly underestimate how much they spend each year.
2. Setting goals gives your life a financial direction. Examples of financial goals are: "To retire at age 50 with a personal net worth of £800,000", or "To buy a house in 3 years paying a monthly mortgage servicing cost that is no more than 25% of my gross income". It is not uncommon to have several goals, some short term, and some long term.
3. The financial plan details how you will accomplish your goals. It could include for example, reducing unnecessary expenses, increasing your employment income, or investing in pork belly futures. However you plan to do it, detailed calculations have to be made for each period (usually yearly). The effects of taxation and inflation must be considered.
4. When you have decided on the best plan for your goals and circumstances, you implement it. This involves taking specific actions. It often requires discipline and perseverance. Many people obtain assistance from professionals such as accountants, financial planners, investment advisors, and lawyers.
5. As time passes, it is important to monitor your progress. If it looks like you will not obtain your goal, you can either alter your plan or adjust your goal.

See also

• Accounting software
• Credit card
• Credit card debt
• Debit card
• Debt consolidation
• Equity investment
• Financial economics
• Finance software
• Insurance
• Investment
• List of personal finance related articles
• Mortgage
• Retirement plan
• Social security
• Wealth

References

• Modigliani, F. and Bumberg, R. (1954) Utility analysis and the consumption function: An interpretation of cross-section data, Post Keynesian Economics, Rutgers University Press,1954.
• Kwok, H., Milevsky, M., and Robinson, C. (1994) Asset Allocation, Life Expectancy, and Shortfall, Financial Services Review, 1994, vol 3(2), pg. 109-126.
• Milevsky, M. and Robertson, C. (2000) Self-annuitization and ruin in retirement, North American Actuarial Journal, 2000, vol 4(4).