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{{Infobox Christian leader
'''Thomas de Cantilupe''' (c. [[1218]] – [[25 August]] [[1282]]), [[England|English]] [[saint]] and [[prelate]], was a son of [[William de Cantilupe, 2nd Baron Cantilupe|William de Cantilupe, the 2nd baron]] (d. [[1251]]), one of [[John of England|King John's]] ministers, and a nephew of [[Walter de Cantilupe]], [[Bishop of Worcester]].
| type =
| name = Thomas de Cantilupe
| title=Bishop of Hereford
| image = SeeOfHerefordArms.jpg
| imagesize = 220px
| alt =
| caption = Arms of Thomas de Cantilupe: ''Gules, 3 leopard's faces reversed [[jessant-de-lys]] or''. These arms were subsequently assumed by the [[See of Hereford]]
| diocese =
| See =[[Diocese of Hereford]]
| enthroned = 1275
| ended = 1282
| predecessor =[[John de Breton]]
| successor =[[Richard Swinefield]]
| ordination =
| consecration =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =c. 1218
| birth_place =Hambledon, Buckinghamshire
| death_date =25 August {{death year and age|1282|1218}}
| death_place =Ferento, Montefiascone, Italy
| buried =
| religion = Catholic
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
|feast_day=25 August, 2 October
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Church]]; [[Anglicanism|Anglican Communion]]
| saint_title = Thomas of Hereford
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
|canonized_date=1320
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes = dressed as a bishop
| patronage =
| shrine=[[Hereford Cathedral]]
| suppressed_date =
}}


'''Thomas de Cantilupe''' (c. 1218 – 25 August 1282) (anciently ''Cantelow, Cantelou, Canteloupe, etc'', [[List of Latinised names|Latinised]] to ''de Cantilupo'') <ref>The spelling used by modern historians is "de Cantilupe", which is followed in this article</ref> was an English [[saint]] and [[prelate]].
He was born at [[Hambleden]] in [[Buckinghamshire]] and educated in [[Paris]] and [[Orleans]], afterwards becoming a teacher of canon law at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and chancellor of the university in [[1262]]. During the [[Second Barons' War|Barons' War]] Thomas favoured [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] and the baronial party. He represented the [[baron]]s before [[Louis IX of France|St Louis of France]] at [[Amiens]] in [[1264]]. He was made [[Lord Chancellor|chancellor]] of England in February [[1265]], but was deprived of this office after Montfort's death at [[Battle of Evesham|Evesham]], and lived out of England for some time. Returning to England, he was again chancellor of Oxford University, lectured on theology, and held several ecclesiastical appointments. In [[1274]] he attended the [[Second Council of Lyons|second council of Lyons]], and in [[1275]] he was appointed [[Bishop of Hereford]].


==Early years==
Cantilupe was now a trusted adviser of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] and lived at [[Whiteknights Park|Earley]] in [[Berkshire]] when attending royal councils in [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]] or [[Westminster]]. Even when differing from the King's opinions, did not forfeit his favour. The [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Robert Kilwardby]], was also his friend; but after Kilwardby's death in [[1279]] a series of disputes arose between the bishop and the new archbishop, [[John Peckham]], and this was probably the cause which drove Cantilupe to visit [[Italy]]. He died at Ferento, near [[Orvieto]], on the [[25 August]] [[1282]]. He was buried in [[Hereford Cathedral]] and, with his canonisation in [[1330]], his [[shrine]] became a popular place of [[pilgrimage]]. The base can still be seen there today.
Thomas de Cantilupe was a son of [[William de Cantilupe (d.1251)|William de Cantilupe, the 2nd baron]] (d.&nbsp;1251), one of [[John of England|King John's]] ministers, and a nephew of [[Walter de Cantilupe]], [[Bishop of Worcester]] (d.&nbsp;1266). He was born at [[Hambleden]] in [[Buckinghamshire]] and was educated in Paris and [[Orléans]].


==Career==
Cantilupe appears to have been an exemplary bishop both in spiritual and secular affairs. His charities were large and his private life blameless; he was constantly visiting his diocese, correcting offenders and discharging other episcopal duties; and he compelled neighboring landholders to restore estates which rightly belonged to the see of Hereford. In [[1905]] the [[Cantilupe Society]] was founded to publish the episcopal registers of [[Hereford]], of which Cantilupe's is the first in existence.
Cantilupe became a teacher of [[canon law]] at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the University in 1261.<ref name=WalshP598>{{Harvnb|Walsh|2007|p=598}}</ref>

During the [[Second Barons' War|Barons' War]], Cantilupe favoured [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] and the baronial party. He represented the [[baron]]s before [[Louis IX of France|St Louis of France]] at [[Amiens]] in 1264.

He was made [[Lord Chancellor]] of England on 25 February 1264,<ref name=HandbookP85>{{Harvnb|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1996|p=85}}</ref> when [[Archdeacon of Stafford]] but was deprived of the chancellor's office after Montfort's death at [[Battle of Evesham|Evesham]], and lived out of England for some time. Returning to England, he was again Chancellor of Oxford University, lectured on theology, and held several ecclesiastical appointments.<ref name=WalshP598/>

==Bishop of Hereford==
[[File:StThomasDeCantilupeSeal.jpg|thumb|upright|Seal of Bishop Thomas de Cantilupe. Legend: ''TOMAS DEI GRATIA HEREFORDENSIS EP(ISCOPU)S'' (Thomas by the grace of God Bishop of Hereford). The arms of Cantilupe ancient are displayed on each side of the bishop: ''3 [[fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lys]]''. Hereford Cathedral Archives 6460.]]
In 1274, he attended the [[Second Council of Lyons]],{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} and about 14 June 1275 he was appointed [[Bishop of Hereford]] and was consecrated on 8&nbsp;September 1275.<ref name=HandbookP250>{{Harvnb|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1996|p=250}}</ref>

Cantilupe was now a trusted adviser of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] and lived at [[Whiteknights Park|Earley]] in [[Berkshire]] when attending royal councils in [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]] or [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]]. Even when differing from the king's opinions, he did not forfeit his favour.

He had a "great conflict" in 1290 with [[Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare, seventh earl of Gloucester and sixth earl of Hertford]], about hunting rights in [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]] and a ditch that Gilbert had dug, that was settled by costly litigation.<ref name="Nott1885">{{cite book | last = Nott | first = James | title =Some of the Antiquities of Moche Malvern (Great Malvern) | year = 1885 | page = 14 | publisher = John Thompson | location = Malvern | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/someofantiquitie00anotuoft#page/n5/mode/2up | accessdate=6 January 2010}}</ref>

The [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Robert Kilwardby]], was also his friend; but after Kilwardby's death in 1279 a series of disputes arose between the bishop and the new archbishop, [[John Peckham]].<ref name=WalshP598/> The disagreements culminated in Peckham excommunicating Cantilupe, who proceeded to Rome to pursue the matter with the pope.<ref name=BartlettP23>{{Harvnb|Bartlett|2004|p=23}}</ref>

==Death, burial, and canonisation==
[[File:Hereford cathedral 024.JPG|thumb|Thomas de Cantilupe's tomb in [[Hereford Cathedral]].]]
Cantilupe died at [[Ferento]], near [[Orvieto]], in [[Italy]], on 25&nbsp;August 1282;<ref name=WalshP598/><ref name=HandbookP250/> he was buried in [[Hereford Cathedral]].<ref name=WalshP598/> Part of the evidence used to secure his canonisation was the supposed resurrection of [[William Cragh]], a Welsh rebel who was hanged in 1290, eight&nbsp;years after Cantilupe's death. A papal inquiry was convened in London on 20&nbsp;April 1307 to determine whether or not Cantilupe had died excommunicate; if he had, then he could not be canonised. Forty-four witnesses were called and various letters produced, before the commissioners of the inquiry concluded that Cantilupe had been absolved in Rome before his death.<ref name=BartlettP23/>

On 17&nbsp;April 1320, Cantilupe was canonised by [[Pope John XXII]], after a papal investigation lasting almost 13&nbsp;years.<ref name=BartlettP123>{{Harvnb|Bartlett|2004|p=123}}</ref> His feast day was fixed on 2 October.<ref>[http://www.herefordcathedral.org/worship/pilgrimage-information Pilgrimage page at Hereford Cathedral official website] accessed 8 February 2012.</ref> His [[shrine]] became a popular place of [[pilgrimage]], and its base can still be seen there today. Since 1881, a reliquary containing his skull has been held at [[Downside Abbey]] in Somerset.

In the 2004 edition of the [[Roman Martyrology]], Cantilupe is listed under 25 August with the Latin name ''Thomae Cantelupe''. He is mentioned as follows: 'At Mount Faliscorum in Tuscany passed Saint Thomas Cantelupe, bishop of Hereford in England, famous for his learning, who, though severe in his treatment of himself, was generous to the poor'.<ref>''Martyrologium Romanum'', 2004, Vatican Press (Typis Vaticanis), page 475.</ref>

==Legacy==
Cantilupe appears to have been an exemplary bishop in both spiritual and secular affairs. His charities were large and his private life blameless. He was constantly visiting his diocese, correcting offenders and discharging other episcopal duties, and he compelled neighbouring landholders to restore estates which rightly belonged to the see of Hereford.

In 1905, the [[Cantilupe Society]] was founded to publish the episcopal registers of [[Hereford]], of which Cantilupe's is the first in existence.

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel top|width=75%}}
<center>{{ahnentafel-compact5
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
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|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= '''Thomas de Cantilupe'''
|2= [[William II de Cantilupe]]
|3= Milicent/Millicent/Melisende de [[Gournay]]
|4= [[William I de Cantilupe]]
|5= Mecelin/Mascelina de Braci
|6= Hugues V de Gournay
|7= Juliana/Julia de Dammartin
|8= Walter de Cantilupe
|9=
|10= Adulph de Braci
|11=
|12= Hugues IV de Gournay
|13= [[Thomas, Lord of Coucy#Family|Melisende de Coucy]]
|14= [[Alberic II of Dammartin]]
|15= Mahaut/Maud/Mathilde/Mabille de Clermont
|16= Walter de Cantelou
|17=
|18=
|19=
|20= Adulf de Braci
|21=
|22=
|23=
|24= Hugues III de Gournay
|25= [[Hugh I, Count of Vermandois#Family and children|Beatrice de Vermandois]]
|26= [[Thomas, Lord of Coucy|Thomas de Marle]]
|27= Mélisende de [[Montlhéry]]/[[Crécy]]
|28= Alberic I of Dammartin
|29= Joan Basset
|30= [[Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis#House of Creil|Renaud II de Clermont]]
|31= Clemence de Bar ([[Bar-le-Duc]]?)
}}</center>
{{ahnentafel bottom}}

==Bibliography==
*[http://melocki.org.uk/registers/1275_Cantilupe.html#p209 The Register of Thomas de Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford], transcribed by Griffiths, Rev. R. G., London, 1907

==Citations==
{{reflist}}


==References==
==References==
*{{1911}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |last=Bartlett |first=Robert |authorlink=Robert Bartlett (historian) |title=The Hanged Man: A Story of Miracle, Memory, and Colonialism in the Middle Ages |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-691-11719-5}}
{{start box}}
*{{citation |last1=Fryde |first1=E. B. |last2=Greenway |first2=D. E. |last3=Porter |first3=S. |last4=Roy |first4=I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology |edition=Third Edition, revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X}}
{{succession box | title=[[Lord Chancellor]] | before=[[John Chishu]] | after=[[Ralph Sandwich]]<br>''(Keeper of the Great Seal)'' | years=1264&ndash;1265}}
*{{citation |last=Walsh |first=Michael |title=A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West |publisher=Burns & Oates |year=2007 |isbn=0-86012-438-X}}
{{succession box | title=[[Bishop of Hereford]] | before=[[John de Breton]] | after=[[Richard Swinfield]] | years=1275&ndash;1282}}
{{end box}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/tcantilupe.html Royal Berkshire History: St. Thomas Cantilupe of Hereford]
*[http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/tcantilupe.html Royal Berkshire History: St. Thomas Cantilupe of Hereford]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14694c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia]
*[http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/reference/thomas_cantilupe AA Reference: Thomas Cantilupe]
*[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2307 Catholic Online Saints and Angels]
*[http://www.herefordcathedral.org/worship/pilgrimage-information Pilgrimage page at Hereford Cathedral]
*[http://www.stirnet.com/genie/data/british/cc4rz/czmisc02.php#top Stirnet: CZmisc02] {{subscription required}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef| before=[[John Chishull]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Lord Chancellor]] | years=1264–1265}}
{{s-aft| after=[[Ralph Sandwich]]<br>''(Keeper of the Great Seal)'' }}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef| before=[[John de Breton]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Bishop of Hereford]] | years=1275–1282}}
{{s-aft|| after=[[Richard Swinefield]]}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Richard de S. Agatha]] }}
{{s-ttl |title=[[List of Chancellors of the University of Oxford|Chancellor of the University of Oxford]] |years=1262–1264}}
{{s-aft |after=[[Henry de Cicestre]]?<br/>or [[Nicholas de Ewelme]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Bishops of Hereford}}

{{EB1911 |wstitle=Cantilupe, Thomas de}}

{{Authority control}}



[[Category:English saints|Cantilupe, Thomas]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cantilupe, Thomas}}
[[Category:English bishops|Cantilupe, Thomas]]
[[Category:1218 births]]
[[Category:Lord Chancellors of England|Cantilupe, Thomas]]
[[Category:1282 deaths]]
[[Category:Natives of Buckinghamshire|Cantilupe, Thomas]]
[[Category:13th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:1218 births|Cantilupe, Thomas]]
[[Category:13th-century English people]]
[[Category:1282 deaths|Cantilupe, Thomas]]
[[Category:13th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Archdeacons of Stafford]]
[[Category:Bishops of Hereford]]
[[Category:Burials at Hereford Cathedral]]
[[Category:Canon law jurists]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:English legal scholars]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Lord Chancellors of England]]
[[Category:Medieval English saints]]
[[Category:People from Hambleden]]
[[Category:Legal scholars of the University of Oxford]]

Revision as of 13:04, 28 September 2015

Thomas de Cantilupe
Bishop of Hereford
Arms of Thomas de Cantilupe: Gules, 3 leopard's faces reversed jessant-de-lys or. These arms were subsequently assumed by the See of Hereford
Installed1275
Term ended1282
PredecessorJohn de Breton
SuccessorRichard Swinefield
Personal details
Bornc. 1218
Hambledon, Buckinghamshire
Died25 August 1282 (aged 63–64)
Ferento, Montefiascone, Italy
DenominationCatholic
Sainthood
Feast day25 August, 2 October
Title as SaintThomas of Hereford
Canonized1320
Attributesdressed as a bishop
ShrinesHereford Cathedral

Thomas de Cantilupe (c. 1218 – 25 August 1282) (anciently Cantelow, Cantelou, Canteloupe, etc, Latinised to de Cantilupo) [1] was an English saint and prelate.

Early years

Thomas de Cantilupe was a son of William de Cantilupe, the 2nd baron (d. 1251), one of King John's ministers, and a nephew of Walter de Cantilupe, Bishop of Worcester (d. 1266). He was born at Hambleden in Buckinghamshire and was educated in Paris and Orléans.

Career

Cantilupe became a teacher of canon law at Oxford and Chancellor of the University in 1261.[2]

During the Barons' War, Cantilupe favoured Simon de Montfort and the baronial party. He represented the barons before St Louis of France at Amiens in 1264.

He was made Lord Chancellor of England on 25 February 1264,[3] when Archdeacon of Stafford but was deprived of the chancellor's office after Montfort's death at Evesham, and lived out of England for some time. Returning to England, he was again Chancellor of Oxford University, lectured on theology, and held several ecclesiastical appointments.[2]

Bishop of Hereford

Seal of Bishop Thomas de Cantilupe. Legend: TOMAS DEI GRATIA HEREFORDENSIS EP(ISCOPU)S (Thomas by the grace of God Bishop of Hereford). The arms of Cantilupe ancient are displayed on each side of the bishop: 3 fleurs-de-lys. Hereford Cathedral Archives 6460.

In 1274, he attended the Second Council of Lyons,[citation needed] and about 14 June 1275 he was appointed Bishop of Hereford and was consecrated on 8 September 1275.[4]

Cantilupe was now a trusted adviser of Edward I and lived at Earley in Berkshire when attending royal councils in Windsor or Westminster. Even when differing from the king's opinions, he did not forfeit his favour.

He had a "great conflict" in 1290 with Gilbert de Clare, seventh earl of Gloucester and sixth earl of Hertford, about hunting rights in Malvern and a ditch that Gilbert had dug, that was settled by costly litigation.[5]

The Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Kilwardby, was also his friend; but after Kilwardby's death in 1279 a series of disputes arose between the bishop and the new archbishop, John Peckham.[2] The disagreements culminated in Peckham excommunicating Cantilupe, who proceeded to Rome to pursue the matter with the pope.[6]

Death, burial, and canonisation

Thomas de Cantilupe's tomb in Hereford Cathedral.

Cantilupe died at Ferento, near Orvieto, in Italy, on 25 August 1282;[2][4] he was buried in Hereford Cathedral.[2] Part of the evidence used to secure his canonisation was the supposed resurrection of William Cragh, a Welsh rebel who was hanged in 1290, eight years after Cantilupe's death. A papal inquiry was convened in London on 20 April 1307 to determine whether or not Cantilupe had died excommunicate; if he had, then he could not be canonised. Forty-four witnesses were called and various letters produced, before the commissioners of the inquiry concluded that Cantilupe had been absolved in Rome before his death.[6]

On 17 April 1320, Cantilupe was canonised by Pope John XXII, after a papal investigation lasting almost 13 years.[7] His feast day was fixed on 2 October.[8] His shrine became a popular place of pilgrimage, and its base can still be seen there today. Since 1881, a reliquary containing his skull has been held at Downside Abbey in Somerset.

In the 2004 edition of the Roman Martyrology, Cantilupe is listed under 25 August with the Latin name Thomae Cantelupe. He is mentioned as follows: 'At Mount Faliscorum in Tuscany passed Saint Thomas Cantelupe, bishop of Hereford in England, famous for his learning, who, though severe in his treatment of himself, was generous to the poor'.[9]

Legacy

Cantilupe appears to have been an exemplary bishop in both spiritual and secular affairs. His charities were large and his private life blameless. He was constantly visiting his diocese, correcting offenders and discharging other episcopal duties, and he compelled neighbouring landholders to restore estates which rightly belonged to the see of Hereford.

In 1905, the Cantilupe Society was founded to publish the episcopal registers of Hereford, of which Cantilupe's is the first in existence.

Ancestry

Family of Thomas de Cantilupe
Walter de Cantelou
Walter de Cantilupe
William I de Cantilupe
William II de Cantilupe
Adulf de Braci
Adulph de Braci
Mecelin/Mascelina de Braci
Thomas de Cantilupe
Hugues III de Gournay
Hugues IV de Gournay
Beatrice de Vermandois
Hugues V de Gournay
Thomas de Marle
Melisende de Coucy
Mélisende de Montlhéry/Crécy
Milicent/Millicent/Melisende de Gournay
Alberic I of Dammartin
Alberic II of Dammartin
Joan Basset
Juliana/Julia de Dammartin
Renaud II de Clermont
Mahaut/Maud/Mathilde/Mabille de Clermont
Clemence de Bar (Bar-le-Duc?)

Bibliography

Citations

  1. ^ The spelling used by modern historians is "de Cantilupe", which is followed in this article
  2. ^ a b c d e Walsh 2007, p. 598
  3. ^ Fryde et al. 1996, p. 85
  4. ^ a b Fryde et al. 1996, p. 250
  5. ^ Nott, James (1885). Some of the Antiquities of Moche Malvern (Great Malvern). Malvern: John Thompson. p. 14. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
  6. ^ a b Bartlett 2004, p. 23
  7. ^ Bartlett 2004, p. 123
  8. ^ Pilgrimage page at Hereford Cathedral official website accessed 8 February 2012.
  9. ^ Martyrologium Romanum, 2004, Vatican Press (Typis Vaticanis), page 475.

References

  • Bartlett, Robert (2004), The Hanged Man: A Story of Miracle, Memory, and Colonialism in the Middle Ages, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-11719-5
  • Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996), Handbook of British Chronology (Third Edition, revised ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-56350-X
  • Walsh, Michael (2007), A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Burns & Oates, ISBN 0-86012-438-X
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Chancellor
1264–1265 		Succeeded by
Ralph Sandwich
(Keeper of the Great Seal)
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Hereford
1275–1282 		Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Oxford
1262–1264 		Succeeded by

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cantilupe, Thomas de". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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