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==Scientific career==
==Scientific career==
In 1987, Seralini obtained his doctoral degree from the [[University of Montpellier II]]. He then did four years of research at, among other places, the [[University of Western Ontario]] and [[Laval University]] Medical Center, doing research on [[corticosteroid-binding globulin]], before being appointed a professor at the University of Caen in June 1991, a position he has held ever since. The general area of his lab's research focuses on the endocrine system, in particular the enzyme [[aromatase]], and his lab has synthesized a number of [[aromatase inhibitors]] using equine aromatase as a model.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Séralini | first1 = G. E. | last2 = Moslemi | first2 = S. | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00433-6 | title = Aromatase inhibitors: Past, present and future | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 178 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 117–131 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11403901| pmc = }}</ref> In addition to the safety of genetically modified food, Seralini's more recent research has focused on the effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup on human cells and the enzyme aromatase in vitro,<ref name=Toxicology>{{Cite journal| first1 = C.
In 1987, Seralini obtained his doctoral degree from the [[University of Montpellier II]]. He then did four years of research at, among other places, the [[University of Western Ontario]] and [[Laval University]] Medical Center, doing research on [[corticosteroid-binding globulin]], before being appointed a professor at the University of Caen in June 1991, a position he has held ever since. The general area of his lab's research focuses on the endocrine system, in particular the enzyme [[aromatase]], and his lab has synthesized a number of [[aromatase inhibitors]] using equine aromatase as a model.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Séralini | first1 = G. E. | last2 = Moslemi | first2 = S. | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00433-6 | title = Aromatase inhibitors: Past, present and future | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 178 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 117–131 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11403901| pmc = }}</ref> His research has been published in the [[Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry]], the [[Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]], and [[Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology]].
| last5 = Chagnon | first2 = C. | first3 = N.
| last2 = Dumont
| last3 = Benachour
| last6 = Séralini
| last4 = Clair | first4 = E. | first5 = C. | first6 = E.
| title = Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines
| journal = Toxicology
| volume = 262
| issue = 3
| pages = 184–191
| date=Jun 2009 | issn = 0300-483X
| pmid = 19539684
| last1 = Gasnier
| doi = 10.1016/j.tox.2009.06.006
}}</ref> as well as rat testicular cells.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Clair | first1 = É.
| last2 = Mesnage | first2 = R.
| last3 = Travert | first3 = C.
| last4 = Séralini | first4 = G. É.
| title = A glyphosate-based herbicide induces necrosis and apoptosis in mature rat testicular cells in vitro, and testosterone decrease at lower levels
| doi = 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.12.009
| journal = Toxicology in Vitro
| volume = 26
| issue = 2
| pages = 269–279
| year = 2012
| pmid = 22200534
| pmc =
}}</ref> In general, this in vitro research has concluded that Roundup (the formulation with adjuvants, not just glyphosate) is toxic to cells in a dish, as well as that it is an [[endocrine disruptor]]. The cell lines tested include [[HUVEC]], [[HEK cells]], and placental JEG-3 cells,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Benachour | first1 = N. | last2 = Séralini | first2 = G. E. | doi = 10.1021/tx800218n | title = Glyphosate Formulations Induce Apoptosis and Necrosis in Human Umbilical, Embryonic, and Placental Cells | journal = Chemical Research in Toxicology | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 97–105 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19105591| pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 15929894
| last1 = Richard
| date=Jun 2005 | first = S. M.
| last2 = Moslemi | first2 = S.
| last3 = Sipahutar | first3 = H.
| last4 = Benachour | first4 = N.
| last5 = Seralini | first5 = G. E.
| title = Differential Effects of Glyphosate and Roundup on Human Placental Cells and Aromatase
| volume = 113
| issue = 6
| pages = 716–720
| issn = 0091-6765
| pmc = 1257596
| journal = Environmental health perspectives
| doi = 10.1289/ehp.7728
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1007/s00244-006-0154-8
| pmid = 17486286
| year = 2007
| last1 = Benachour | first1 = N.
| last2 = Sipahutar | first2 = H.
| last3 = Moslemi | first3 = S.
| last4 = Gasnier | first4 = C.
| last5 = Travert | first5 = C.
| last6 = Séralini | first6 = G.
| title = Time- and dose-dependent effects of roundup on human embryonic and placental cells
| volume = 53
| issue = 1
| pages = 126–133
| journal = Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
}}</ref> as well as [[HepG2]] cells.<ref name=Toxicology/> In 2013, the Seralini lab published a study that examines the effects of Cry1ab and Cry1ac insecticidal [[Bt toxin]]s, as well as their effects in conjunction with Roundup, on HEK cells.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mesnage | first1 = R. | last2 = Clair | first2 = E. | last3 = Gress | first3 = S. | last4 = Then | first4 = C. | last5 = Székács | first5 = A. | last6 = Séralini | first6 = G. -E. | doi = 10.1002/jat.2712 | title = Cytotoxicity on human cells of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Bt insecticidal toxins alone or with a glyphosate-based herbicide | journal = Journal of Applied Toxicology | volume = 33 | issue = 7 | pages = 695–699 | year = 2013 | pmid = 22337346| pmc = }}</ref> His research has been published in the [[Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry]], the [[Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]], and [[Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology]].


==Controversies==
==Controversies==

Revision as of 08:41, 15 December 2015

Gilles-Éric Séralini
Séralini at a meeting on 4 October 2015
Born (1960-08-23) 23 August 1960 (age 64)
Bône, Algeria (then French Algeria)
Alma materUniversity of Montpellier II
Known forGenetically modified food controversies, Séralini affair
SpouseSoline Séralini[2]
ChildrenTwo
AwardsKnight of the National Order of Merit[1]
Scientific career
FieldsEndocrinology
InstitutionsUniversity of Caen
ThesisRôle inhibiteur de l'alphafoetoprotéine sur la fonction génitale du rat (1987)

Gilles-Éric Séralini is a French scientist who has been a professor of molecular biology at the University of Caen since 1991, and is president and chairman of the board of CRIIGEN.[3] He is best known for publishing research concluding that genetically modified food is unsafe for consumption; one such study, published in September 2012 in Food and Chemical Toxicology prompted many headlines about the dangers of Roundup Ready corn and the Roundup herbicide. The study was subject to considerable criticism by members of the scientific community and was eventually retracted[4][5] in what has become known as the Séralini affair. On 24 June 2014 the study was republished without further peer review[6] by Environmental Sciences Europe,[7] in order to give the scientific community long-term access to the study data.

Early life

Seralini was born on 23 August 1960 in Annaba, Algeria (then known as Bône). His father was a telecommunications technician and his mother was a schoolteacher.[8] His family first settled in Thonon-les-Bains, Haute Savoie, and then Nice, France. Seralini obtained his baccalaureate degree at the age of 16.

Scientific career

In 1987, Seralini obtained his doctoral degree from the University of Montpellier II. He then did four years of research at, among other places, the University of Western Ontario and Laval University Medical Center, doing research on corticosteroid-binding globulin, before being appointed a professor at the University of Caen in June 1991, a position he has held ever since. The general area of his lab's research focuses on the endocrine system, in particular the enzyme aromatase, and his lab has synthesized a number of aromatase inhibitors using equine aromatase as a model.[9] His research has been published in the Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

Controversies

In May 2013, shortly before a debate was scheduled to take place on the topic of genetically modified foods, held by the libertarian think tank Cato Institute, both Professor Seralini and consumer activist Jeffrey M. Smith withdrew from the debate, with Smith disapproving of the planned inclusion of molecular biologist Kevin Folta and Seralini accusing Jon Entine, who organized the debate's panel, of libel.[10]

In 2014, Seralini et al. published a study claiming that pesticides were more toxic than regulatory bodies had previously thought.[11] The study prompted Ralf Reski, one of the editors of BioMed Research International, the journal in which it was published, to resign. Reski said, "I do not want to be connected to a journal that provides [Séralini] a forum for such kind of agitation."[12]

Selected publications

Scientific papers

  • Almadhidi, J.; Seralini, G. E.; Fresnel, J.; Silberzahn, P.; Gaillard, J. L. (1995). "Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P450 aromatase in equine gonads". The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. 43 (6): 571–577. doi:10.1177/43.6.7769228. PMID 7769228.
  • Le Curieux-Belfond, O.; Moslemi, S.; Mathieu, M.; Séralini, G. E. (2001). "Androgen metabolism in oyster Crassostrea gigas: Evidence for 17β-HSD activities and characterization of an aromatase-like activity inhibited by pharmacological compounds and a marine pollutant". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 78 (4): 359–366. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00109-1. PMID 11717006.
  • Lemazurier, E.; Sourdaine, P.; Nativelle, C. L.; Plainfossé, B.; Séralini, G. E. (2001). "Aromatase gene expression in the stallion". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 178 (1–2): 133–139. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00435-X. PMID 11403902.
  • "Laboratory Rodent Diets Contain Toxic Levels of Environmental Contaminants: Implications for Regulatory Tests". PLOS. 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128429. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Books

References

  1. ^ Décret du 30 janvier 2008 portant promotion et nomination
  2. ^ Guilhot, Alain (21 November 2012). "Gilles-Eric Seralini: The Rat Man". LeMonde.fr. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  3. ^ "Pr. Gilles-Eric Séralini Président du Conseil Scientifique Enseignant Chercheur". CRIIGEN.
  4. ^ "Elsevier Announces Article Retraction from Journal Food and Chemical Toxicology". Elsevier. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  5. ^ Kate Kelland. "Journal withdraws controversial French Monsanto GM study".
  6. ^ Cassasus, Barbara (25 June 2014). "Paper claiming GM link with tumours republished". Nature. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize". Environmental Sciences Europe.
  8. ^ Laure Noualhat for Libération. October 19, 2012. Gilles-Eric Séralini. OGM pas du tout. Via Google Translate, English translation
  9. ^ Séralini, G. E.; Moslemi, S. (2001). "Aromatase inhibitors: Past, present and future". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 178 (1–2): 117–131. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00433-6. PMID 11403901.
  10. ^ Entine, Jon (29 May 2013). "Anti-GMO Scientist Gilles-Eric Seralini, Activist Jeffrey Smith Withdraw from Food Biotech Debate". Forbes.com. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  11. ^ Mesnage, Robin (2014). "Major Pesticides Are More Toxic to Human Cells Than Their Declared Active Principles". BioMed Research International. 2014: 1–8. doi:10.1155/2014/179691. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ Kupferschmidt, Kai (10 February 2014). "Pesticide Study Sparks Backlash". Science Insider. Retrieved 16 March 2014.

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