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Though no victim of a serial rapist can be blamed for the crime, safety precautions have been recommended.<ref name=UNCPD2016>{{cite web | title = Reduce the Risk of Becoming a Rape Victim | publisher= The University of North Carolina at Charlotte | date=2016| url = http://police.uncc.edu/crime-prevention-safety/sexual-assault-prevention/reduce-risk-becoming-rape-victim | accessdate = 2016-07-18 }}</ref>
Though no victim of a serial rapist can be blamed for the crime, safety precautions have been recommended.<ref name=UNCPD2016>{{cite web | title = Reduce the Risk of Becoming a Rape Victim | publisher= The University of North Carolina at Charlotte | date=2016| url = http://police.uncc.edu/crime-prevention-safety/sexual-assault-prevention/reduce-risk-becoming-rape-victim | accessdate = 2016-07-18 }}</ref>

== Cultural depictions ==
The activities of a fictional serial rapist is often a major theme in television episodes and movies.<ref>[[I, the Jury (1982 film)]], [[CSI effect]], [[A Pillow Case of Mystery II]], [[Malice (film)]], [[Ikebukuro West Gate Park (TV series)]], [[Sirens (2002 TV serial)]], [[The Wild and the Innocent (Millennium)]], [[Nicole Owen]], [[Elle Greenaway]]</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 23:10, 24 July 2016

A serial rapist is a rapist who rapes more than one person over a period of time. Most times, a serial rapist will commit a number of rapes over a period of months or years.[1] Some serial rapists target children.[2][3][4] Others will commit their assaults in prisons.[5] In some instances, a group of serial rapists will work together.[6] These rapists can have a pattern of behavior that is sometimes used to predict their activities and aid in their arrest and conviction.[7] Serial rapists also differ from one time offenders because "serial rapists more often involved kidnapping, verbally and physically threatening the victims, and using or threatening the use of weapons."[8]

Law enforcement

Many times, the evidence that is collected from the physical examinations and testimony of those who were raped is in the possession of numerous law enforcement agencies and may impede the recognition that the rapist has committed the crime over a period of time. Conviction of the rapist can be delayed when victims do not cooperate in the investigation.[9] Evidence can consist of DNA, saliva and fingerprints, hair, vaginal swabs, fingernail scrapings, and bed linens.[10] Those investigating serial rapes often identify the rapist with a 'nickname' before an arrest is made by characterizing the tactics or patterns of the rapes.[11]

Serial rapists are more likely to be convicted than a rapist known by the victim.[12] Unlike those convicted for a single case of rape, serial rapists often go unrecognized due to the slow process of analyzing the backlog of rape kits.[8]

Case Western Reserve University has identified the tendency of sexual offenders of being previously arrested. Twenty-six percent had previously been arrested for sexual assault. Sixty percent were arrested for at least one other sexual assault unrelated to the first one.[8]

Tactics

A serial rapist can use online dating sites to identify potential victims.[13] Threatening harm to the victim and their and family is another tactic used.[14][15] Drugging the victim is sometimes employed.[1] Some serial rapists are specific in identifying their targets and their schedules.[16] A serial rapist may describe their activities on websites, describing the tactics they use to commit the sexual assault.[17] One recent 18-year-old accused of serial rapes used messaging cell phone apps, Facebook, Kik, and Snapchat to establish a relationship with girls. Driving a victim to a remote location has been done.[14]

Personality traits

A perpetrators can be described as "highly manipulative, very charismatic and charming".[14] Serial rapists differ from single victim rapists. The distance traveled before the rape occurs was found to be further with the single victim rapists. Single victim rapists use a 'capture' method, sometimes using the tactic of being a hitch hiker. Single victim rapists use a 'con' method by meeting at a bar or party and engaging in social interaction. Conversely, serial rapists have a tendency to ambush or use a 'blitz' of approaching a victim. Single victim rapists are less likely to target a victim who is a stranger. A serial rapist is more prone to exhibit "criminally sophisticated behaviors". Serial rapists are more aware of forensic methodology. They are more likely to control physical resistance by gagging, binding, blindfolding, and smothering. They are more likely to question the victim. Forensic awareness on the part of the serial rapist characterizes a serial rapist rather than a single victim rapist and may be used by law enforcement as an investigative aid.[18][19]

Prevention

Rachel Lovell, Case Western University describes her research: "Our findings suggest it is very likely that a sexual offender has either previously sexually assaulted or will offend again in the future...Investigating each sexual assault as possibly perpetrated by a serial offender has the potential to reduce the number of sexual assaults if investigations focus more on the offender than on single incidents."[8]

Investigation of the offender instead of the crime could prevent serial rapes. The backlog of analyzing rape kits impedes the identification of serial rapists. Hundreds of thousands of rape kits remain untested across the US. Most law enforcement agencies do not track or count them. The process is complicated, invasive, time-consuming and may re-traumatize victims.[8] The FBI maintains a DNA database and comparisons between cases can be made. Unfortunately, the backlog of analyzing rape kits can allow the perpetrator to continue their crime before being identified with other assaults.[1]

Though no victim of a serial rapist can be blamed for the crime, safety precautions have been recommended.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b c Perrusquia, Marc (21 March 2014). "CA Investigation: Failure to test DNA let Cordova serial rapist continue attacks for decade". The Commercial Appeal, US Today Network. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  2. ^ "New York Serial Rapist". Unsolved Mysteries. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  3. ^ "Northern Minnesota Serial Child Rapist Sentenced to Life in Prison". KSTP TV - Minneapolis and St. Paul. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  4. ^ "Serial Child Rapist Sentenced to Life in Prison". United States Department of Justice. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  5. ^ "'Serial rapist' NM prison captain sentenced to less than a year". New Mexico In Depth. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  6. ^ "Three attacks on West Side said to be linked to trio of serial rapists". The Columbus Dispatch. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  7. ^ Tust, Amanda. "How Serial Rapists Target Their Victims - How To Protect Yourself Against Rape". Retrieved 2016-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e Rothkopf, Joanna. "Analysis of Untested Rape Kits Reveals Serial Rapists Are 'Far More Common' Than We Thought". Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  9. ^ Ove, Torsten (15 July 2016). "Old evidence turns up in contested rape conviction". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
  10. ^ "Man convicted of 1987 rapes in Homestead seeks evidence". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
  11. ^ Haddock, Vicki. "Four types of serial rapists - what makes them tick". SFGate, Hearst. Retrieved 2016-07-21.
  12. ^ Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 78 Issue 2 Summer Article 4 Summer 1987 Patterns of Stranger and Serial Rape Offending: Factors Distinguishing Apprehended and at Large Offenders James L. LeBeau
  13. ^ "Florence Police: Serial rapist behind bars". waaytv.com. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  14. ^ a b c Dave, Paresh. "Arizona teen a 'serial rapist' who victimized 18 girls, sheriff says". LA Times. Retrieved 2016-07-21.
  15. ^ "Serial Rapist Who Preyed On Teenage Girls Sentenced Up to 196 Years in Prison". NBC 10, Philadelphia. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  16. ^ a b "Reduce the Risk of Becoming a Rape Victim". The University of North Carolina at Charlotte. 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
  17. ^ "Confessions Of A Serial Rapist". Thought Catalog. Retrieved 2016-07-21.
  18. ^ Corovic, Jelena; Christianson, Sven Å.; Bergman, Lars R. (2012). "From Crime Scene Actions in Stranger Rape to Prediction of Rapist Type: Single-Victim or Serial Rapist?". Behavioral Sciences & the Law. 30 (6): 764–781. doi:10.1002/bsl.2026. ISSN 0735-3936; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Closed access icon
  19. ^ de Heer, B. (2014). "A Snapshot of Serial Rape: An Investigation of Criminal Sophistication and Use of Force on Victim Injury and Severity of the Assault". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 31 (4): 598–619. doi:10.1177/0886260514556110. ISSN 0886-2605.
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