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August 2016 Central Italy earthquake: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 42°42′22″N 13°13′23″E / 42.706°N 13.223°E / 42.706; 13.223
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Early reports indicated severe damage in the town of [[Amatrice]], near the epicentre,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/24/world/europe/italy-earthquake-usgs.html|title=Large Earthquake Strikes Central Italy| last= Povoledo| first= Elisabetta| date= 23 August 2016|last2=Mele|first2=Christopher|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref> and in [[Accumoli]] and [[Pescara del Tronto]]. Sergio Pirozzi, the mayor of Amatrice, stated that "Amatrice is not here anymore, half of the town is destroyed."<ref name= "Guardian">{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/strong-earthquake-hits-italy-with-people-reportedly-trapped-in-rubble |title= Mayor of Amatrice: 'the town isn't here any more' after strong earthquake |date=24 August 2016 |last=Chrisafis |first= Angelique |work= [[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="pirozzi">{{Cite news |url=http://www.seeker.com/italian-village-famous-for-pasta-dish-isnt-here-any-more-1984812436.html|title=Italy Quake: Famous Village 'Isn’t Here Any More'| date= August 24, 2016|accessdate=August 24, 2016| website= Seeker.com |first=Rossella|last=Lorenzi}}</ref> Photos of the destruction depicted a massive pile of rubble in the town's centre with only a few structures still standing on the outskirts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Terremoto ad Amatrice, la distruzione vista dall’alto |url=http://www.corriere.it/foto-gallery/cronache/16_agosto_24/terremoto-ad-amatrice-distruzione-vista-dall-alto-e751883e-69f4-11e6-a553-980eec993d0e.shtml |newspaper=Corriere della Sera |trans_title=Earthquake at Amatrice, the destruction seen from above |language=Italian |accessdate=24 August 2016}}</ref>
Early reports indicated severe damage in the town of [[Amatrice]], near the epicentre,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/24/world/europe/italy-earthquake-usgs.html|title=Large Earthquake Strikes Central Italy| last= Povoledo| first= Elisabetta| date= 23 August 2016|last2=Mele|first2=Christopher|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref> and in [[Accumoli]] and [[Pescara del Tronto]]. Sergio Pirozzi, the mayor of Amatrice, stated that "Amatrice is not here anymore, half of the town is destroyed."<ref name= "Guardian">{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/strong-earthquake-hits-italy-with-people-reportedly-trapped-in-rubble |title= Mayor of Amatrice: 'the town isn't here any more' after strong earthquake |date=24 August 2016 |last=Chrisafis |first= Angelique |work= [[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="pirozzi">{{Cite news |url=http://www.seeker.com/italian-village-famous-for-pasta-dish-isnt-here-any-more-1984812436.html|title=Italy Quake: Famous Village 'Isn’t Here Any More'| date= August 24, 2016|accessdate=August 24, 2016| website= Seeker.com |first=Rossella|last=Lorenzi}}</ref> Photos of the destruction depicted a massive pile of rubble in the town's centre with only a few structures still standing on the outskirts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Terremoto ad Amatrice, la distruzione vista dall’alto |url=http://www.corriere.it/foto-gallery/cronache/16_agosto_24/terremoto-ad-amatrice-distruzione-vista-dall-alto-e751883e-69f4-11e6-a553-980eec993d0e.shtml |newspaper=Corriere della Sera |trans_title=Earthquake at Amatrice, the destruction seen from above |language=Italian |accessdate=24 August 2016}}</ref>


As of 26 August 2016, the official figures of the [[Protezione Civile]] report that the earthquake caused the death of 281 people: 221 in Amatrice, 11 in Accumoli and 49 in Arquata del Tronto. Approximately 2,100 people found shelter in the emergency camps.<ref name="protezionecivile_20160826">[http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_com.wp?contentId=COM58731 Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime, feriti e popolazione assistita], Protezione Civile, 26 August 2016.</ref>
As of 26 August 2016, the official figures of the [[Protezione Civile]] report that the earthquake caused the death of 290 people: 230 in Amatrice, 11 in Accumoli and 49 in Arquata del Tronto. Approximately 2,100 people found shelter in the emergency camps.<ref name="protezionecivile_20160826">[http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_com.wp?contentId=COM58731 Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime, feriti e popolazione assistita], Protezione Civile, 26 August 2016.</ref>
At least 365 wounded had to be treated in hospitals, mainly in [[Rieti]] and [[Ascoli Piceno]], while people with less serious injuries were treated in place.<ref>[http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_com.wp?contentId=COM58709 Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime e feriti], Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016.</ref>
At least 365 wounded had to be treated in hospitals, mainly in [[Rieti]] and [[Ascoli Piceno]], while people with less serious injuries were treated in place.<ref>[http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_com.wp?contentId=COM58709 Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime e feriti], Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016.</ref>
Approximately 4,400 people were involved in the search and rescue operations, including 70 teams with rescue dogs. Logistics made use of 12 [[helicopters]], with 9 more in stand-by.<ref>[http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_com.wp?facetNode_1=f1_1&prevPage=comunicati_stampa&facetNode_2=terremoto_centro_italia_2016&contentId=COM58694 Terremoto Italia centrale: le forze in campo], Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016</ref> Over 200 people were rescued from under the ruins of damaged buildings.<ref>[http://www.interno.gov.it/it/sala-stampa/comunicati-stampa/terremoto-alfano-i-vigili-fuoco-e-sistema-sicurezza-hanno-garantito-unazione-pronta-recupero-e-salvataggio-tante-persone Terremoto, Alfano: «I Vigili del Fuoco e il sistema della sicurezza hanno garantito un’azione pronta di recupero e di salvataggio di tante persone»], Ministero dell'Interno, 25 August 2016.</ref>
Approximately 4,400 people were involved in the search and rescue operations, including 70 teams with rescue dogs. Logistics made use of 12 [[helicopters]], with 9 more in stand-by.<ref>[http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_com.wp?facetNode_1=f1_1&prevPage=comunicati_stampa&facetNode_2=terremoto_centro_italia_2016&contentId=COM58694 Terremoto Italia centrale: le forze in campo], Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016</ref> Over 200 people were rescued from under the ruins of damaged buildings.<ref>[http://www.interno.gov.it/it/sala-stampa/comunicati-stampa/terremoto-alfano-i-vigili-fuoco-e-sistema-sicurezza-hanno-garantito-unazione-pronta-recupero-e-salvataggio-tante-persone Terremoto, Alfano: «I Vigili del Fuoco e il sistema della sicurezza hanno garantito un’azione pronta di recupero e di salvataggio di tante persone»], Ministero dell'Interno, 25 August 2016.</ref>

Revision as of 12:40, 27 August 2016

2016 Central Italy earthquake
USGS shakemap of the earthquake.[1]
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UTC time??
Magnitude6.2 ± 0.016 Mw[2]
Depth4 ± 1 km (2.49 ± 0.62 mi)[3]
Epicenter42°42′22″N 13°13′23″E / 42.706°N 13.223°E / 42.706; 13.223[3]
TypeNormal[1]
Areas affectedItaly
Max. intensityIX (Violent)[1]
Casualties≈ 290 deaths[4]
≈ 388 injured[5]
2,500 homeless

An earthquake, measuring 6.2 ± 0.016[2] on the moment magnitude scale, hit Central Italy on 24 August 2016 at 03:36:32 CEST (01:36 UTC). Its epicentre was close to Accumoli, with its hypocentre at a depth of 4 ± 1 km,[3] approximately 75 km (47 mi) southeast of Perugia and 45 km (28 mi) north of L'Aquila, in an area near the borders of the Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo and Marche regions. At least 290 people have been killed and dozens more are missing.[4]

Background

The central Apennines is one of the most seismically active areas in Italy. The Apennines mountain belt were formed in the Miocene to Pliocene as a result of the ongoing subduction of the Adriatic Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate, forming a fold and thrust belt. During the Quaternary, thrust tectonics gave way to extensional tectonics, with the development of a zone of normal faulting running along the crest of the mountain range. The extension is a result of either subduction rollback or the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea.[1] In the Central Apennines the zone of extension is about 30 km wide, matching closely to the zone of observed extensional strain as shown by GPS measurements. Recent large earthquakes in this area have been caused by movement on SW-dipping normal faults.[6]

This was the largest tremor since 2009,[7] when an earthquake near L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region killed over 300 people and displaced about 65,000.

Earthquake

Magnitude of the Central Italy earthquake (6.0) and its aftershocks (most were less than 4.0); aftershocks continued to occur after the period shown here
Aftershock distribution, August 24-25.
Red: Main shock, Orange: 6 > M ≧ 4. Blue: 4 > M ≧ 3, Light blue: 3 > M

The initial earthquake was followed by at least 40 strong aftershocks.[8] The quake was initially reported by INGV to have occurred at a depth of approximately 5 km (3.1 mi), with a magnitude of 6.0 Mw and epicentre in the comune of Accumoli.[3] The USGS first reported an earthquake at a depth of 10.0 km (6.2 mi) with a magnitude of 6.4 Mw and epicentre South-East of Norcia,[1][9] but subsequently revised the magnitude to 6.2 Mw. The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre put the magnitude at 6.1.[10][11] The tremor and a number of aftershocks were felt across the whole of central Italy (from Rimini to Naples), including Rome, Florence, Bologna, and Naples.[12]

Damage and casualties

Early reports indicated severe damage in the town of Amatrice, near the epicentre,[13] and in Accumoli and Pescara del Tronto. Sergio Pirozzi, the mayor of Amatrice, stated that "Amatrice is not here anymore, half of the town is destroyed."[14][15] Photos of the destruction depicted a massive pile of rubble in the town's centre with only a few structures still standing on the outskirts.[16]

As of 26 August 2016, the official figures of the Protezione Civile report that the earthquake caused the death of 290 people: 230 in Amatrice, 11 in Accumoli and 49 in Arquata del Tronto. Approximately 2,100 people found shelter in the emergency camps.[17] At least 365 wounded had to be treated in hospitals, mainly in Rieti and Ascoli Piceno, while people with less serious injuries were treated in place.[18] Approximately 4,400 people were involved in the search and rescue operations, including 70 teams with rescue dogs. Logistics made use of 12 helicopters, with 9 more in stand-by.[19] Over 200 people were rescued from under the ruins of damaged buildings.[20]

In addition to the loss of human life, widespread destruction of cultural heritage is also reported.[21][22] In Amatrice, the facade and rose window of the Church of Sant'Agostino were destroyed, and the museum dedicated to the painter Nicola Filotesio, student and companion of Raphael, collapsed.[21] The quake also created cracks in the Baths of Caracalla in Rome.[23] The earthquake was so broad that authorities made structural tests on the Colosseum as well, which was not damaged.[22]

Date Local time
(CEST) 		moment
magnitude 		Depth
Hypocenter 		Epicenter
Municipality Latitude Longitude
24 august 2016 03:36:32[24] 6,2 10 km Norcia 42,71 13,17
24 august 2016 03:56:02[25] 4,6 10 km Amatrice 42,61 13,28
24 august 2016 04:33:29[26] 5,5 10 km Norcia 42,79 13,15
24 august 2016 04:59:35[27] 6,3 9 km Norcia 42,80 13,14
24 august 2016 05:40:11[28] 4,3 10,7 km Amatrice 42,62 13,25
24 august 2016 06:06:53[29] 4,4 10 km Cascia 42,75 13,03
24 august 2016 13:50:31[30] 4,9 10 km Visso 42,87 13,11
24 august 2016 13:50:57[31] 4,1 8 km Arquata del Tronto 42,82 13,15
24 august 2016 19:46:09[32] 4,6 10 km Arquata del Tronto 42,72 13,19
25 august 2016 01:22:06[33] 4,1 7,3 km Maltignano 42,67 13,14
25 august 2016 05:17:16[34] 4,7 10 km Norcia 42,78 13,18
25 august 2016 05:36:07[35] 4,3 10 km Maltignano 42,65 13,16
26 august 2016 06:28:27[36] 4,7 10 km Amatrice 42,66 13,25
27 august 2016 04:50:59[37] 4,2 12,2 km Norcia 42,83 13,15

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "M6.2 – 10km SE of Norcia, Italy". United States Geological Survey. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Origin". USGS Technical. USGS. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Relazione di dettaglio: Rieti Mw 6.0 del 2016-08-24 01:36:32 UTC" (PDF). INGV. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  4. ^ a b Casalini, Simona; Gagliardi, Giovanni; Riccardi, Katia; Gerino, Claudio (25 August 2016). "Terremoto, ad Amatrice nuove scosse: 250 le vittime accertate. "Temiamo bilancio peggiore dell'Aquila"". la Repubblica. Retrieved 25 August 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Italy earthquake: Death toll rises to at least 120". BBC Online. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  6. ^ D'Agostino N., Mantenuto S., D'Anastasio E., Avallone A., Barchi M., Collettini C., Radicioni F., Stoppini A. & Fastellini G. (2009). "Contemporary crustal extension in the Umbria–Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks and comparison between geodetic and seismic deformation" (PDF). Tectonophysics. 476 (1–2): 3–12. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.033.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Breslin, Sean (24 August 2016). "6.2 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Italy; Residents Trapped, Major Damage Reported". Weather.com. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  8. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (24 August 2016). "6.2-Magnitude Earthquake Rattles Italy, Killing Dozens". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  9. ^ Scherer, Steve (24 August 2016). "Magnitude 6.4 quake hits Italy near Perugia: USGS". Reuters. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  10. ^ Park, Madison; Karimi, Faith (24 August 2016). "Earthquake hits central Italy". CNN. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  11. ^ Santalucia, Paola; Winfield, Nicole (24 August 2016). "6.2-magnitude earthquake rattles Rome, central Italy". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  12. ^ Palazzo, Chiara; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (24 August 2016). "Italy quake: 6.4 magnitude tremor rocks heart of the country". The Telegraph. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  13. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta; Mele, Christopher (23 August 2016). "Large Earthquake Strikes Central Italy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  14. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (24 August 2016). "Mayor of Amatrice: 'the town isn't here any more' after strong earthquake". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  15. ^ Lorenzi, Rossella (24 August 2016). "Italy Quake: Famous Village 'Isn't Here Any More'". Seeker.com. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  16. ^ "Terremoto ad Amatrice, la distruzione vista dall'alto". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 24 August 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime, feriti e popolazione assistita, Protezione Civile, 26 August 2016.
  18. ^ Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime e feriti, Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016.
  19. ^ Terremoto Italia centrale: le forze in campo, Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016
  20. ^ Terremoto, Alfano: «I Vigili del Fuoco e il sistema della sicurezza hanno garantito un’azione pronta di recupero e di salvataggio di tante persone», Ministero dell'Interno, 25 August 2016.
  21. ^ a b Dichiarante, Anna (24 August 2016). "Terremoto nel centro Italia, i danni al patrimonio artistico". la Repubblica. Retrieved 25 August 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ a b "Terremoto Centro Italia, chiese e monumenti storici danneggiati. Sopralluogo anche al Colosseo: "Tutto ok"". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ Kennedy, Maev. "Art experts fear serious earthquake damage to historic Italian buildings". The Guardian. The Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  24. ^ M6.2 - 10km SE of Norcia, Italy
  25. ^ M4.6 - 10km W of Amatrice, Italy
  26. ^ M5.5 - 4km NE of Norcia, Italy
  27. ^ M4.3 - 3km N of Norcia, Italy
  28. ^ M4.3 - 4km W of Amatrice, Italy
  29. ^ M4.5 - 4km NNE of Cascia, Italy
  30. ^ M4.9 - 5km SSE of Visso, Italy
  31. ^ M4.1 - 6km SW of Arquata del Tronto, Italy
  32. ^ M4.6 - 10km WSW of Arquata del Tronto, Italy
  33. ^ M4.1 - 8km ESE of Maltignano, Italy
  34. ^ M4.7 - 7km E of Norcia, Italy
  35. ^ M4.3 - 10km ESE of Maltignano, Italy
  36. ^ M4.7 - 5km NW of Amatrice, Italy
  37. ^ M4.2 - 6km NE of Norcia, Italy
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