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In 1994/95, he taught in the Language Teachers' Training College (''Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych''), [[Opole]], Poland, and between 1995 and 2007 at the [[University of Opole]], Opole, Poland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifw.uni.opole.pl/show.php?id=10&lang=pl |title=PUBLIKACJE – Instytut Slawistyki |publisher=Ifw.uni.opole.pl |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://usosweb.uni.opole.pl/kontroler.php?_action=actionx:katalog2/osoby/pokazOsobe%28os_id:25011%29 |title=Tomasz Kamusella – Studenci, pracownicy – USOSWeb – Uniwersytet Opolski |publisher=Usosweb.uni.opole.pl |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> From 2002 to 2006, he did postdoctoral research in the [[European University Institute]], [[Florence]], Italy; the [[John W. Kluge Center]], [[Library of Congress]], Washington, D.C., United States;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/kluge/newsletters/KlugeNewsletterSpring2009.pdf |title=Enewsletter : Message from the Director |publisher=Loc.gov |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> the Institute for Human Sciences (''[[Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen (IWM)]]''), [[Vienna]], [[Austria]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.at/the-institute/former-visiting-fellows/tomasz-kamusella/ |title=Tomasz Kamusella – IWM |publisher=Iwm.at |date=29 April 2013 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> and the Herder-Institut [[:de:Herder-Institut (Marburg)|(de)]], [[Marburg]], Germany. As visiting professor, in 2007–10, he taught [[Central and Eastern Europe]]an History and [[History of Poland|Polish History]] and [[Politics of Poland|Politics]] in [[Trinity College, Dublin]], Ireland,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcd.ie/Admissions/undergraduate/assets/Copy%20of%20pdf/TCD_Undergraduate_courses_2011.pdf |title=Trinity College, Dublin : Undergraduate Courses 2011 |publisher=Tcd.ie |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcd.ie/trinitylongroomhub/events/forthcoming/Kamusella.php |title=Trinity Long Room Hub : Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland |publisher=Tcd.ie |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> in 2010–11 at the [[Cracow University of Economics]], [[Kraków]], Poland;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kse.uek.krakow.pl/index.php?action=pracownik&pracownik=tkamusella&lang=pol |title=Katedra Studiów Europejskich UEK |publisher=Kse.uek.krakow.pl |date=24 April 2015 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> and in 2011 did research in the Slavic Research Center,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/index-e.html |title=Slavic-Eurasian Research Center |publisher=Src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> [[Hokkaido University]], [[Sapporo]], Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/fvfp/index17.html |title=Src Fvfp List |publisher=Src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp |date=31 January 2014 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> Currently, he teaches in the School of History (Centre for [[Comparative history|Transnational]] and Spatial History<ref>{{cite web|url=http://standrewstransnational.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/people/ |title=People &#124; ITSH – Institute for Transnational & Spatial History |publisher=Standrewstransnational.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk |date=22 April 2015 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref>) at the [[University of St Andrews]], [[St Andrews]], Fife, Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://royalhistsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/RHS-Fellows-K.pdf |title=Fellows – K |publisher=Royalhistsoc.org |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref>
In 1994/95, he taught in the Language Teachers' Training College (''Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych''), [[Opole]], Poland, and between 1995 and 2007 at the [[University of Opole]], Opole, Poland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifw.uni.opole.pl/show.php?id=10&lang=pl |title=PUBLIKACJE – Instytut Slawistyki |publisher=Ifw.uni.opole.pl |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://usosweb.uni.opole.pl/kontroler.php?_action=actionx:katalog2/osoby/pokazOsobe%28os_id:25011%29 |title=Tomasz Kamusella – Studenci, pracownicy – USOSWeb – Uniwersytet Opolski |publisher=Usosweb.uni.opole.pl |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> From 2002 to 2006, he did postdoctoral research in the [[European University Institute]], [[Florence]], Italy; the [[John W. Kluge Center]], [[Library of Congress]], Washington, D.C., United States;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/kluge/newsletters/KlugeNewsletterSpring2009.pdf |title=Enewsletter : Message from the Director |publisher=Loc.gov |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> the Institute for Human Sciences (''[[Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen (IWM)]]''), [[Vienna]], [[Austria]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.at/the-institute/former-visiting-fellows/tomasz-kamusella/ |title=Tomasz Kamusella – IWM |publisher=Iwm.at |date=29 April 2013 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> and the Herder-Institut [[:de:Herder-Institut (Marburg)|(de)]], [[Marburg]], Germany. As visiting professor, in 2007–10, he taught [[Central and Eastern Europe]]an History and [[History of Poland|Polish History]] and [[Politics of Poland|Politics]] in [[Trinity College, Dublin]], Ireland,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcd.ie/Admissions/undergraduate/assets/Copy%20of%20pdf/TCD_Undergraduate_courses_2011.pdf |title=Trinity College, Dublin : Undergraduate Courses 2011 |publisher=Tcd.ie |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcd.ie/trinitylongroomhub/events/forthcoming/Kamusella.php |title=Trinity Long Room Hub : Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland |publisher=Tcd.ie |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> in 2010–11 at the [[Cracow University of Economics]], [[Kraków]], Poland;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kse.uek.krakow.pl/index.php?action=pracownik&pracownik=tkamusella&lang=pol |title=Katedra Studiów Europejskich UEK |publisher=Kse.uek.krakow.pl |date=24 April 2015 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> and in 2011 did research in the Slavic Research Center,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/index-e.html |title=Slavic-Eurasian Research Center |publisher=Src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> [[Hokkaido University]], [[Sapporo]], Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/fvfp/index17.html |title=Src Fvfp List |publisher=Src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp |date=31 January 2014 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> Currently, he teaches in the School of History (Centre for [[Comparative history|Transnational]] and Spatial History<ref>{{cite web|url=http://standrewstransnational.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/people/ |title=People &#124; ITSH – Institute for Transnational & Spatial History |publisher=Standrewstransnational.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk |date=22 April 2015 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref>) at the [[University of St Andrews]], [[St Andrews]], Fife, Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://royalhistsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/RHS-Fellows-K.pdf |title=Fellows – K |publisher=Royalhistsoc.org |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref>


In 1999 Kamusella wrote a book on ethnic cleansing in Silesia in the 19th and 20th centuries,<ref>Kamusella, Tomasz Dominik. The dynamics of the policies of ethnic cleansing in Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries. Open Society Institute Research Support Scheme, 1999.</ref> and an article in [[Patterns of Prejudice]] on the ethnic cleansing of Silesia following World War II.<ref>Kamusella, Tomasz DI. "Ethnic cleansing in Silesia 1950-89 and the ennationalizing policies of Poland and Germany." Patterns of prejudice 33.2 (1999): 51-73.</ref> In 2004 Kamusella wrote a chapter on the ethnic cleansing of Germans from Poland after World War II.<ref>Kamusella, Tomasz. "The expulsion of the population categorized as ‘Germans’ from the post-1945 Poland." The Expulsion of the German Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War, EUI Working Paper HEC 2004/1 (2004).</ref>
In 2004 the board of the [[University of Opole]]'s Faculty of [[Philology]] formally distanced itself from the theories propagated by Kamusella in a press release published by ''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'', alleging methodological inadequacies, tendentious conclusions and "polonophobia", among others, in his historical research.<ref name="Wyborcza2004">{{cite news |last=Łabutin |first=Beata |date=13 May 2004 |title=Uniwersytet dystansuje się od autora glosariusza |trans-title=The university distanced itself from the author of a glossary |url=http://opole.gazeta.pl/opole/1,35114,2072518.html |format=Press Release |language=Polish |newspaper=[[Gazeta Wyborcza]] |location=Warsaw |access-date=30 August 2015 |via=Wyborcza.pl Wiadomości z Opola |quote=Jak zapewnia dziekan Wydziału Filologicznego prof. Stanisław Kochman rada już wcześniej wytykała Kamuselli kontrowersyjne treści w jego publikacjach. Ostro krytykowano braki metodologiczne, nieznajomość literatury przedmiotu, formułowanie tendencyjnych wniosków, wreszcie polonofobię. |at=Dr Tomasz Kamusella nie jest reprezentantem środowiska filologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego – uznała w czwartek rada Wydziału Filologicznego.}}</ref>


''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' (2008)—Kamusella's major synthesis of the intertwining histories, nationalisms, and languages of [[East-Central Europe|East Central Europe]]<ref>This is taken, by necessity, to be Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.</ref>—was praised in leading academic journals,<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Dickins |first= Tom |year= 2013 |title= Review: ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella | journal = [[The Slavonic and East European Review]] |volume= 91 |number= 4 |pages= 870–872 |jstor= 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.4.0870 |quote= authoritative … comprehensive and pioneering … an indispensable source of empirical material … highly significant and is unlikely to be surpassed in its breadth and erudition for a long time to come. |doi= 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.4.0870 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last= Judson |first= P. M. |year= 2015 |title= ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella |journal= American Historical Review |volume= 120 |number= 2 |pages= 737–738 |doi= 10.1093/ahr/120.2.737 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last= Spolsky |first= Bernard |year= 2010 |title= Book Review: ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella |journal= |volume= 9 |number= 4 |pages= 375–377 |doi= 10.1007/s10993-010-9168-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last= Nic Craith |first= Máiréad |year= 2011 |title= ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella |journal= Anthropological Journal of European Cultures |volume= 20 |number= 2 |pages= 138–141 |jstor= 43234449 }}</ref> including by [[Yale]]'s [[Timothy D. Snyder]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]'s [[Peter Burke (historian)|Peter Burke]].<ref>Tim Snyder, "European Romance," ''Times Literary Supplement'', (26 February 2010): 10–11; for Burke, see the book's foreword.</ref>
''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' (2008)—Kamusella's major synthesis of the intertwining histories, nationalisms, and languages of [[East-Central Europe|East Central Europe]]<ref>This is taken, by necessity, to be Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.</ref>—was praised in leading academic journals,<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Dickins |first= Tom |year= 2013 |title= Review: ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella | journal = [[The Slavonic and East European Review]] |volume= 91 |number= 4 |pages= 870–872 |jstor= 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.4.0870 |quote= authoritative … comprehensive and pioneering … an indispensable source of empirical material … highly significant and is unlikely to be surpassed in its breadth and erudition for a long time to come. |doi= 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.4.0870 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last= Judson |first= P. M. |year= 2015 |title= ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella |journal= American Historical Review |volume= 120 |number= 2 |pages= 737–738 |doi= 10.1093/ahr/120.2.737 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last= Spolsky |first= Bernard |year= 2010 |title= Book Review: ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella |journal= |volume= 9 |number= 4 |pages= 375–377 |doi= 10.1007/s10993-010-9168-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last= Nic Craith |first= Máiréad |year= 2011 |title= ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe'' by Tomasz Kamusella |journal= Anthropological Journal of European Cultures |volume= 20 |number= 2 |pages= 138–141 |jstor= 43234449 }}</ref> including by [[Yale]]'s [[Timothy D. Snyder]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]'s [[Peter Burke (historian)|Peter Burke]].<ref>Tim Snyder, "European Romance," ''Times Literary Supplement'', (26 February 2010): 10–11; for Burke, see the book's foreword.</ref>

Revision as of 08:11, 5 November 2019

Tomasz D. Kamusella
Kamusella speaking at the First Codification Conference of the Silesian Language in June 2008
Born
Tomasz Dominik Kamuzela

(1967-12-24) 24 December 1967 (age 56)
Academic background
Alma materUniversity of Silesia in Katowice
Academic work
Sub-disciplineLanguage Politics, Nationalism Studies, History of Central and Eastern Europe
InstitutionsUniversity of St Andrews

Tomasz Kamusella FRHistS (born 1967) is a Polish scholar pursuing interdisciplinary research in language politics, nationalism and ethnicity.[1]

Education

Kamusella was educated at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Philology in Sosnowiec Campus (English language), Poland; Potchefstroom University (now part of the North-West University), Potchefstroom, South Africa;[2][3] and the Central European University (co-accredited then by the Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom), Prague Campus,[4] Czech Republic. He obtained his doctor degree in Political Science from the Institute of Western Affairs (Instytut Zachodni), Poznań, Poland and habilitation in Cultural Studies from the Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.[5]

Academic career

In 1994/95, he taught in the Language Teachers' Training College (Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych), Opole, Poland, and between 1995 and 2007 at the University of Opole, Opole, Poland.[6][7] From 2002 to 2006, he did postdoctoral research in the European University Institute, Florence, Italy; the John W. Kluge Center, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., United States;[8] the Institute for Human Sciences (Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen (IWM)), Vienna, Austria;[9] and the Herder-Institut (de), Marburg, Germany. As visiting professor, in 2007–10, he taught Central and Eastern European History and Polish History and Politics in Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland,[10][11] in 2010–11 at the Cracow University of Economics, Kraków, Poland;[12] and in 2011 did research in the Slavic Research Center,[13] Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.[14] Currently, he teaches in the School of History (Centre for Transnational and Spatial History[15]) at the University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.[16]

In 1999 Kamusella wrote a book on ethnic cleansing in Silesia in the 19th and 20th centuries,[17] and an article in Patterns of Prejudice on the ethnic cleansing of Silesia following World War II.[18] In 2004 Kamusella wrote a chapter on the ethnic cleansing of Germans from Poland after World War II.[19]

The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe (2008)—Kamusella's major synthesis of the intertwining histories, nationalisms, and languages of East Central Europe[20]—was praised in leading academic journals,[21][22][23][24] including by Yale's Timothy D. Snyder and Cambridge's Peter Burke.[25]

Career in civil service

In 1996, he was employed as the regional Plenipotentiary on European Integration to the Regional Governor (Pełnomocnik Wojewody ds. Integracji Europejskiej) in the Regional Authority (Urząd Wojewódzki), Opole.[26] Later, from 1999 to 2002, he acted as Advisor on International Affairs to the Regional President (Doradca Marszałka ds. Współpracy z Zagranicą), Self-Governmental Regional Authority (Urząd Marszałkowski), Opole. In co-operation with the University of Opole, between 1997 and 2001, he managed the application in the Council of Europe, and financing that led to the establishment of the European Documentation Center in Opole.[27] This centre makes acquis communautaire available to the inhabitants of the Voivodeship of Opole and constituted a basis for founding a Department of Law at the University of Opole. In 1998, in the framework of the European Visitors Program of the European Union, he also visited the Spanish Autonomous Community of Galicia, which, in the following year, led to the signing of the co-operation agreement between this Spanish region and the Opole Voivodeship.[28]

Books in English

  • Ethnic Cleansing During the Cold War: The Forgotten 1989 Expulsion of Turks from Communist Bulgaria (Ser: Routledge Studies in Modern European History). 2018. London: Routledge, 328pp. ISBN 9781138480520.
  • The Un-Polish Poland, 1989 and the Illusion of Regained Historical Continuity. 2017. Basingstoke: Palgrave Pivot, 162 pp.; ISBN 9783319600352.[29]
  • Creating Languages in Central Europe During the Last Millennium. 2015. Basingstoke: Palgrave Pivot, 168 pp.; ISBN 9781137507839.[30]
  • The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. 2009. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1168 pp. ISBN 9780230583474.
  • Silesia and Central European Nationalisms: The Emergence of National and Ethnic Groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918. 2007. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 386 pp. ISBN 978-1-55753-371-5.

Books in Polish

  • W bżuhu vieloryba [In a Whale's Belly, a collection of essays on nationalism and language politics in Asia, the Balkans and Central Europe. Introduction by Prof Wojciech J Burszta]. 2006. Toruń, Poland: Wydawnictwo A Marszałek, 305 pp. ISBN 978-83-7441-383-1.

References

  1. ^ Entry on T Kamusella and his research (p 90), in: I V Il'in, I I Mazur and A N Chumakov, eds. 2012. Globalistika entsiklopedicheskii spravochnik. Personalii, Organizatsii, Izdaniia / Global Studies Encyclopedic Directory: Persons, Organizations, Editions. Moscow: Alfa-M.
  2. ^ "Living in the borderland" : colonialism and the clash of cultures in the fiction of J.M. Coetzee (Book, 1991). WorldCat.org. 9 April 2015. OCLC 62288972.
  3. ^ North-West University Library /All Locations (Thesis). Millennium.nwu.ac.za. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Central European University to Leave Prague – The Prague Post". Praguepost.cz. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  5. ^ "Bazy danych – Nauka Polska". Nauka-polska.pl. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  6. ^ "PUBLIKACJE – Instytut Slawistyki". Ifw.uni.opole.pl. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  7. ^ "Tomasz Kamusella – Studenci, pracownicy – USOSWeb – Uniwersytet Opolski". Usosweb.uni.opole.pl. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  8. ^ "Enewsletter : Message from the Director" (PDF). Loc.gov. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Tomasz Kamusella – IWM". Iwm.at. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Trinity College, Dublin : Undergraduate Courses 2011" (PDF). Tcd.ie. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  11. ^ "Trinity Long Room Hub : Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland". Tcd.ie. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  12. ^ "Katedra Studiów Europejskich UEK". Kse.uek.krakow.pl. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  13. ^ "Slavic-Eurasian Research Center". Src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  14. ^ "Src Fvfp List". Src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  15. ^ "People | ITSH – Institute for Transnational & Spatial History". Standrewstransnational.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  16. ^ "Fellows – K" (PDF). Royalhistsoc.org. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  17. ^ Kamusella, Tomasz Dominik. The dynamics of the policies of ethnic cleansing in Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries. Open Society Institute Research Support Scheme, 1999.
  18. ^ Kamusella, Tomasz DI. "Ethnic cleansing in Silesia 1950-89 and the ennationalizing policies of Poland and Germany." Patterns of prejudice 33.2 (1999): 51-73.
  19. ^ Kamusella, Tomasz. "The expulsion of the population categorized as ‘Germans’ from the post-1945 Poland." The Expulsion of the German Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War, EUI Working Paper HEC 2004/1 (2004).
  20. ^ This is taken, by necessity, to be Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.
  21. ^ Dickins, Tom (2013). "Review: The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe by Tomasz Kamusella". The Slavonic and East European Review. 91 (4): 870–872. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.4.0870. JSTOR 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.4.0870. authoritative … comprehensive and pioneering … an indispensable source of empirical material … highly significant and is unlikely to be surpassed in its breadth and erudition for a long time to come.
  22. ^ Judson, P. M. (2015). "The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe by Tomasz Kamusella". American Historical Review. 120 (2): 737–738. doi:10.1093/ahr/120.2.737.
  23. ^ Spolsky, Bernard (2010). "Book Review: The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe by Tomasz Kamusella". 9 (4): 375–377. doi:10.1007/s10993-010-9168-1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ^ Nic Craith, Máiréad (2011). "The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe by Tomasz Kamusella". Anthropological Journal of European Cultures. 20 (2): 138–141. JSTOR 43234449.
  25. ^ Tim Snyder, "European Romance," Times Literary Supplement, (26 February 2010): 10–11; for Burke, see the book's foreword.
  26. ^ Integracja europejska a Śląsk Opolski [European Integration and Opole Silesia] (pp 6–12). 1997. Region Śląsk Opolski. No 1. Opole, Poland: Ośrodek Informatyki WBD UW.
  27. ^ "Centrum Dokumentacji Europejskiej". Edc.uni.opole.pl. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  28. ^ "Porozumienie o współpracy pomiędzy : Autonomiczną Wspólnotą Galicja w Królestwie Hiszpanii" (PDF). Umwo.opole.pl. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  29. ^ Дзевяць прычын, чаму Польшча не «дачка» Рэчы Паспалітай
  30. ^ "eBook Product". Palgraveconnect.com. Retrieved 19 June 2015.

Research

Editor