Left atrial volume: Difference between revisions
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[[Left atrial enlargement|Enlargement of the left atrium]] is a form of [[cardiomegaly]]. Moderately increased LAVI (63 to 73 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) is associated with slighly elevated [[Mortality rate|mortality]] hazard and severely increased LAVI (>73 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) with significantly higher [[hazard ratio]] of mortality<ref name="Kan2019"/>. |
[[Left atrial enlargement|Enlargement of the left atrium]] is a form of [[cardiomegaly]]. Moderately increased LAVI (63 to 73 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) is associated with slighly elevated [[Mortality rate|mortality]] hazard and severely increased LAVI (>73 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) with significantly higher [[hazard ratio]] of mortality<ref name="Kan2019"/>. |
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LAVI predicts survival after acute myocardial infarction<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Møller |first1=Jacob E. |last2=Hillis |first2=Graham S. |last3=Oh |first3=Jae K. |last4=Seward |first4=James B. |last5=Reeder |first5=Guy S. |last6=Wright |first6=R. Scott |last7=Park |first7=Seung W. |last8=Bailey |first8=Kent R. |last9=Pellikka |first9=Patricia A. |title=Left Atrial Volume: A Powerful Predictor of Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction |journal=Circulation |date=6 May 2003 |volume=107 |issue=17 |pages=2207–2212 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000066318.21784.43}}</ref>, postoperative atrial fibrillation in subjects undergoing heart surgery<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich |first1=JW |last2=Müller |first2=P |last3=Schiedat |first3=F |last4=Schlömicher |first4=M |last5=Strauch |first5=J |last6=Chatzitomaris |first6=A |last7=Klein |first7=HH |last8=Mügge |first8=A |last9=Köhrle |first9=J |last10=Rijntjes |first10=E |last11=Lehmphul |first11=I |title=Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Cardiac Illness Involves Elevated Concentrations of 3,5-Diiodothyronine and Correlates with Atrial Remodeling. |journal=European thyroid journal |date=June 2015 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=129-37 |doi=10.1159/000381543 |pmid=26279999}}</ref> and hospital admission in ambulatory patients<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ristow |first1=Bryan |last2=Ali |first2=Sadia |last3=Whooley |first3=Mary A. |last4=Schiller |first4=Nelson B. |title=Usefulness of Left Atrial Volume Index to Predict Heart Failure Hospitalization and Mortality in Ambulatory Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Comparison to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (from the Heart and Soul Study) |journal=The American Journal of Cardiology |date=July 2008 |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=70–76 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.099}}</ref>. |
LAVI predicts survival after acute myocardial infarction<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Møller |first1=Jacob E. |last2=Hillis |first2=Graham S. |last3=Oh |first3=Jae K. |last4=Seward |first4=James B. |last5=Reeder |first5=Guy S. |last6=Wright |first6=R. Scott |last7=Park |first7=Seung W. |last8=Bailey |first8=Kent R. |last9=Pellikka |first9=Patricia A. |title=Left Atrial Volume: A Powerful Predictor of Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction |journal=Circulation |date=6 May 2003 |volume=107 |issue=17 |pages=2207–2212 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000066318.21784.43}}</ref>, postoperative atrial fibrillation in subjects undergoing heart surgery<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich |first1=JW |last2=Müller |first2=P |last3=Schiedat |first3=F |last4=Schlömicher |first4=M |last5=Strauch |first5=J |last6=Chatzitomaris |first6=A |last7=Klein |first7=HH |last8=Mügge |first8=A |last9=Köhrle |first9=J |last10=Rijntjes |first10=E |last11=Lehmphul |first11=I |title=Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Cardiac Illness Involves Elevated Concentrations of 3,5-Diiodothyronine and Correlates with Atrial Remodeling. |journal=European thyroid journal |date=June 2015 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=129-37 |doi=10.1159/000381543 |pmid=26279999}}</ref>, atrial fibrillation and stroke<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jordan |first1=K |last2=Yaghi |first2=S |last3=Poppas |first3=A |last4=Chang |first4=AD |last5=Mac Grory |first5=B |last6=Cutting |first6=S |last7=Burton |first7=T |last8=Jayaraman |first8=M |last9=Tsivgoulis |first9=G |last10=Sabeh |first10=MK |last11=Merkler |first11=AE |last12=Kamel |first12=H |last13=Elkind |first13=MSV |last14=Furie |first14=K |last15=Song |first15=C |title=Left Atrial Volume Index Is Associated With Cardioembolic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Detection After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. |journal=Stroke |date=August 2019 |volume=50 |issue=8 |pages=1997-2001 |doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.025384 |pmid=31189435}}</ref> as well as hospital admission in ambulatory patients<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ristow |first1=Bryan |last2=Ali |first2=Sadia |last3=Whooley |first3=Mary A. |last4=Schiller |first4=Nelson B. |title=Usefulness of Left Atrial Volume Index to Predict Heart Failure Hospitalization and Mortality in Ambulatory Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Comparison to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (from the Heart and Soul Study) |journal=The American Journal of Cardiology |date=July 2008 |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=70–76 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.099}}</ref>. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 17:36, 2 July 2021
The volume of the left atrium (left atrial volume) is an important biomarker for cardiovascular physiology and clinical cardiology. It is usually calculated as left atrial volume index in terms of body surface area.
Measurement
The left atrial volume is commonly measured by echocardiography or magnetic resonance tomography. It is calculated from biplane recordings with
where A4c and A2c denote LA areas in 4- and 2-chamber views respectively, and L corresponds to the shortest long-axis length measured in either views[1].
Usually, the volume is divided by the body surface area in order to provide an extensive property, which is independent from body size[2][3]. The resulting index is referred to as left atrial volume index (LAVI):
Physiology
LAVI between 21 and 52 mL/m2 is regarded as normal[2].
Pathophysiologiy and clinical implications
Enlargement of the left atrium is a form of cardiomegaly. Moderately increased LAVI (63 to 73 mL/m2) is associated with slighly elevated mortality hazard and severely increased LAVI (>73 mL/m2) with significantly higher hazard ratio of mortality[2].
LAVI predicts survival after acute myocardial infarction[4], postoperative atrial fibrillation in subjects undergoing heart surgery[5], atrial fibrillation and stroke[6] as well as hospital admission in ambulatory patients[7].
References
- ^ Lang, Roberto M.; Bierig, Michelle; Devereux, Richard B.; Flachskampf, Frank A.; Foster, Elyse; Pellikka, Patricia A.; Picard, Michael H.; Roman, Mary J.; Seward, James; Shanewise, Jack S.; Solomon, Scott D.; Spencer, Kirk T.; St John Sutton, Martin; Stewart, William J. (December 2005). "Recommendations for Chamber Quantification: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, Developed in Conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a Branch of the European Society of Cardiology". Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 18 (12): 1440–1463. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005.
- ^ a b c Khan, Mohammad A.; Yang, Eric Y.; Zhan, Yang; Judd, Robert M.; Chan, Wenyaw; Nabi, Faisal; Heitner, John F.; Kim, Raymond J.; Klem, Igor; Nagueh, Sherif F.; Shah, Dipan J. (December 2019). "Association of left atrial volume index and all-cause mortality in patients referred for routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a multicenter study". Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 21 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s12968-018-0517-0.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Maheshwari, Monika; Tanwar, Cp; Kaushik, Sk (2012). "Echocardiographic assessment of left atrial volume index in elderly patients with left ventricle anterior myocardial infarction". Heart Views. 13 (3): 97. doi:10.4103/1995-705X.102149.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Møller, Jacob E.; Hillis, Graham S.; Oh, Jae K.; Seward, James B.; Reeder, Guy S.; Wright, R. Scott; Park, Seung W.; Bailey, Kent R.; Pellikka, Patricia A. (6 May 2003). "Left Atrial Volume: A Powerful Predictor of Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction". Circulation. 107 (17): 2207–2212. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000066318.21784.43.
- ^ Dietrich, JW; Müller, P; Schiedat, F; Schlömicher, M; Strauch, J; Chatzitomaris, A; Klein, HH; Mügge, A; Köhrle, J; Rijntjes, E; Lehmphul, I (June 2015). "Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Cardiac Illness Involves Elevated Concentrations of 3,5-Diiodothyronine and Correlates with Atrial Remodeling". European thyroid journal. 4 (2): 129–37. doi:10.1159/000381543. PMID 26279999.
- ^ Jordan, K; Yaghi, S; Poppas, A; Chang, AD; Mac Grory, B; Cutting, S; Burton, T; Jayaraman, M; Tsivgoulis, G; Sabeh, MK; Merkler, AE; Kamel, H; Elkind, MSV; Furie, K; Song, C (August 2019). "Left Atrial Volume Index Is Associated With Cardioembolic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Detection After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source". Stroke. 50 (8): 1997–2001. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.025384. PMID 31189435.
- ^ Ristow, Bryan; Ali, Sadia; Whooley, Mary A.; Schiller, Nelson B. (July 2008). "Usefulness of Left Atrial Volume Index to Predict Heart Failure Hospitalization and Mortality in Ambulatory Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Comparison to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (from the Heart and Soul Study)". The American Journal of Cardiology. 102 (1): 70–76. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.099.