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→Death: His cause of death and manner of death should be open knowledge. I have updated this. Complete with a link to the photo of his body.
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{{main|2012 Benghazi attack}}
{{main|2012 Benghazi attack}}
During the 2012 Benghazi attack, a fire was set against the main consulate building with three Americans inside—Stevens, [[Sean Smith (diplomat)|Sean Smith]], and a security officer.<ref name=reuters1>{{cite web|title=In Libya, deadly fury took U.S. envoys by surprise|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-ambassador-assault-idUSL5E8KCLHR20120913|work=Reuters|author=Hadeel Al Shalchi|access-date=September 13, 2012}}</ref> According to U.S. officials, the security officer escaped and the staff found Smith dead. However, the staff were unable to locate Stevens before being driven from the building under small-arms fire.<ref name=reuters1/> Local civilians found Stevens and brought him to the Benghazi Medical Centre in a state of cardiac arrest. Medical personnel tried to resuscitate him, but he was pronounced dead at about 2 a.m. local time on September 12, 2012.<ref name=reuters1/> Later reports suggested that the attack was coordinated and planned in advance, with any protests either coincidental or possibly diversionary.<ref>{{cite web|last=CBS/AP|title=U.S. officials: Deadly Libya attack likely planned|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57511043/u.s-officials-deadly-libya-attack-likely-planned/|work=CBS News|access-date=September 11, 2012}}</ref> Libyan president [[Mohamed Yousef el-Magariaf|Muhammad Magariaf]] blamed elements of [[Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)|Ansar al-Sharia]] for the killing, linking them to [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]]. Libyan officials suggested that it might have been a revenge attack mounted by loyalists (of deceased Libyan leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]]) who were defeated in the [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]] the previous year.<ref name="reuters0">{{cite web|title=Libya official says Gaddafi loyalists killed U.S. diplomats|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-usa-attack-loyalists-idUSBRE88B0K920120912|work=Reuters|first=Andrew |last=Hammond|access-date=May 19, 2016|date=September 12, 2012}}</ref>
During the 2012 Benghazi attack, a fire was set against the main consulate building with three Americans inside—Stevens, [[Sean Smith (diplomat)|Sean Smith]], and a security officer.<ref name=reuters1>{{cite web|title=In Libya, deadly fury took U.S. envoys by surprise|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-ambassador-assault-idUSL5E8KCLHR20120913|work=Reuters|author=Hadeel Al Shalchi|access-date=September 13, 2012}}</ref> According to U.S. officials, the security officer escaped and the staff found Smith dead. However, the staff were unable to locate Stevens before being driven from the building under small-arms fire.<ref name=reuters1/> Local civilians found Stevens and brought him to the Benghazi Medical Centre in a state of cardiac arrest. Medical personnel tried to resuscitate him, but he was pronounced dead at about 2 a.m. local time on September 12, 2012.<ref name=reuters1/> Later reports suggested that the attack was coordinated and planned in advance, with any protests either coincidental or possibly diversionary.<ref>{{cite web|last=CBS/AP|title=U.S. officials: Deadly Libya attack likely planned|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57511043/u.s-officials-deadly-libya-attack-likely-planned/|work=CBS News|access-date=September 11, 2012}}</ref> Libyan president [[Mohamed Yousef el-Magariaf|Muhammad Magariaf]] blamed elements of [[Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)|Ansar al-Sharia]] for the killing, linking them to [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]]. Libyan officials suggested that it might have been a revenge attack mounted by loyalists (of deceased Libyan leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]]) who were defeated in the [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]] the previous year.<ref name="reuters0">{{cite web|title=Libya official says Gaddafi loyalists killed U.S. diplomats|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-usa-attack-loyalists-idUSBRE88B0K920120912|work=Reuters|first=Andrew |last=Hammond|access-date=May 19, 2016|date=September 12, 2012}}</ref>
Doctors who tended to Stevens clarified later that no visible physical wounds were found on his body and that he died from [[smoke inhalation]], so [[hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] was the actual cause of death.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Diplomats' bodies return to U.S., and Lybian guards recount deadly riot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/world/middleeast/ambassadors-body-back-in-us-libya-guards-recount-riot.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028163757/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/world/middleeast/ambassadors-body-back-in-us-libya-guards-recount-riot.html |page=A11 |location=New York City |date=15 September 2012 |volume=CLXI |issue=74 |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=David D. |last2=Kirkpatrick |first3=Suliman Ali |last3=Zway |first4=Steven Lee |last4=Myers |editor1-first=Kahn |editor1-last=Joseph |editor2-first=Dean |editor2-last=Baquet |editor3-first=Monica |editor3-last=Drake |editor4-first=Sulzberger |editor4-last=Sulzberger |editor5-first=Sulzberger Jr. |editor5-last=Arthur Ochs |editor6-first=Meghan |editor6-last=Louttit |archive-date=28 October 2012}}</ref>
The Doctors who tended to Stevens lied about his condition and death and said that no visible physical wounds were found on his body and that he died from [[smoke inhalation]], so [[hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] was the actual cause of death.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Diplomats' bodies return to U.S., and Lybian guards recount deadly riot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/world/middleeast/ambassadors-body-back-in-us-libya-guards-recount-riot.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028163757/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/world/middleeast/ambassadors-body-back-in-us-libya-guards-recount-riot.html |page=A11 |location=New York City |date=15 September 2012 |volume=CLXI |issue=74 |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=David D. |last2=Kirkpatrick |first3=Suliman Ali |last3=Zway |first4=Steven Lee |last4=Myers |editor1-first=Kahn |editor1-last=Joseph |editor2-first=Dean |editor2-last=Baquet |editor3-first=Monica |editor3-last=Drake |editor4-first=Sulzberger |editor4-last=Sulzberger |editor5-first=Sulzberger Jr. |editor5-last=Arthur Ochs |editor6-first=Meghan |editor6-last=Louttit |archive-date=28 October 2012}}</ref>
Stephen's was, in actuality, tortured profoundly by being burned alive, a cattle prod used, and hanged, for over seven hours. When his body was eventually recovered, it was discovered his penis had been burned entirely off with a cattle prod. The at one time esteemed newspaper, New York Times, helped facilitate the cover up of the manner in which Steven's was killed. <ref> https://youhavebeenmarkled.tumblr.com/post/661720604750266368/found-dead-suicide-being-investigated-reporter</ref>


[[File:John Christoper Stevens Grave Stone 2013.jpg|thumb|Grave of John Christopher Stevens in Grass Valley, California]]
[[File:John Christoper Stevens Grave Stone 2013.jpg|thumb|Grave of John Christopher Stevens in Grass Valley, California]]

Revision as of 15:21, 9 September 2021

Chris Stevens
10th United States Ambassador to Libya
In office
June 7, 2012 – September 11, 2012
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byGene Cretz
Succeeded byLaurence Pope (Chargé d'affaires)[1]
Personal details
Born
John Christopher Stevens

(1960-04-18)April 18, 1960
Grass Valley, California, U.S.
DiedSeptember 11, 2012(2012-09-11) (aged 52)
Benghazi, Libya
Cause of deathAssassinated during 2012 Benghazi attack
Political partyDemocratic
EducationUniversity of California, Berkeley (BA)
University of California, Hastings (JD)
National Defense University (MS)

John Christopher Stevens (April 18, 1960 – September 11, 2012)[2] was an American career diplomat and lawyer who served as the U.S. Ambassador to Libya from May 22, 2012, to September 11, 2012.[3][4] Stevens was killed when the U.S. Special Mission in Benghazi, Libya, was attacked by members of Ansar al-Sharia on September 11–12, 2012.[3][5]

Stevens was the eighth U.S. Ambassador to be killed while in office.[6]

Early life and education

Stevens was born on April 18, 1960, in Grass Valley, California, the eldest of three siblings born to Jan S. Stevens, a California Assistant Attorney General,[7] and his wife Mary J. Stevens (née Floris; born 1937),[8] from a West Coast family of French, Swedish and Chinook ancestry.[9] Stevens was raised in Northern California and had two younger siblings, Anne (b. 1962) and Thomas (b. 1965).[10]

Stevens' parents divorced in 1975, and both remarried. Stevens, himself, never married.[7] His mother, a cellist, joined the Marin Symphony Orchestra (1969—2004),[11] and in 1976 married Robert Commanday, a music critic with the San Francisco Chronicle.[12][13]

Stevens was an AFS Intercultural Programs exchange student in Spain during summer of 1977, and graduated from Piedmont High School[14] in 1978. He earned BA degree in history in 1982 at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was a member of Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. From 1983 to 1985, he taught English as a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco. He graduated with JD degree from University of California, Hastings College of Law in 1989, and received MS degree from the National War College of National Defense University in 2010.

Career

Lawyer

Prior to joining United States Foreign Service, Stevens was an international trade attorney based in Washington, D.C.[4] He was admitted as an active member of State Bar of California on January 26, 1990; he went on inactive status on August 1, 1991, and remained an inactive member for the remainder of his career.[15]

U.S. Foreign Service

Stevens joined United States Foreign Service in 1991. His early overseas assignments included: deputy principal officer and political section chief in Jerusalem, political officer in Damascus, consular/political officer in Cairo, and consular/economic officer in Riyadh. In Washington, Stevens served as Director of Office of Multilateral Nuclear and Security Affairs, Pearson Fellow with Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Senator Richard Lugar, special assistant to Under Secretary for Political Affairs, Iran desk officer, and staff assistant in Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.

He had served in Libya twice previously: as Deputy Chief of Mission (from 2007 to 2009) and as Special Representative to National Transitional Council (from March 2011 to November 2011) during Libyan revolution. He arrived in Tripoli in May 2012 as U.S. Ambassador to Libya.[4]

Stevens spoke English, French, and some Arabic.[16]

Death

Main article: 2012 Benghazi attack

During the 2012 Benghazi attack, a fire was set against the main consulate building with three Americans inside—Stevens, Sean Smith, and a security officer.[17] According to U.S. officials, the security officer escaped and the staff found Smith dead. However, the staff were unable to locate Stevens before being driven from the building under small-arms fire.[17] Local civilians found Stevens and brought him to the Benghazi Medical Centre in a state of cardiac arrest. Medical personnel tried to resuscitate him, but he was pronounced dead at about 2 a.m. local time on September 12, 2012.[17] Later reports suggested that the attack was coordinated and planned in advance, with any protests either coincidental or possibly diversionary.[18] Libyan president Muhammad Magariaf blamed elements of Ansar al-Sharia for the killing, linking them to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Libyan officials suggested that it might have been a revenge attack mounted by loyalists (of deceased Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi) who were defeated in the Libyan Civil War the previous year.[19] The Doctors who tended to Stevens lied about his condition and death and said that no visible physical wounds were found on his body and that he died from smoke inhalation, so hypoxia was the actual cause of death.[20] Stephen's was, in actuality, tortured profoundly by being burned alive, a cattle prod used, and hanged, for over seven hours. When his body was eventually recovered, it was discovered his penis had been burned entirely off with a cattle prod. The at one time esteemed newspaper, New York Times, helped facilitate the cover up of the manner in which Steven's was killed. [21]

Grave of John Christopher Stevens in Grass Valley, California

The surviving Americans were taken to a safe house. A rescue squad consisting of eight former U.S. military was sent from Tripoli, the capital. They were ambushed and the safe house came under attack. Two more Americans died, including one sent from Tripoli; several were wounded.[17][22][23] Later reports identified the victims as Tyrone S. Woods and Glen A. Doherty, both former Navy SEALs working as security and intelligence contractors.[24][25]

Stevens is buried in New Elm Ridge Cemetery (formerly known as Forester's Cemetery) in Grass Valley, California.

See also

References

  1. ^ "New US Charge D'Affairs starts his work in Libya". KUNA. October 10, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
  2. ^ "California birth index search". FamilyTreeLegends. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "US ambassador 'killed in Libya'". BBC News. September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "Stevens, J. Christopher". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012.
  5. ^ Margaret Coker (September 11, 2012). "U.S. Ambassador to Libya Is Killed". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  6. ^ "US ambassadors killed in the line of duty". Boston. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Stevens Remembered as a Man Who Cared Deeply for Libya". Salt Lake City Tribune. September 11, 2012.
  8. ^ Jenny Monnet (September 28, 2012). "Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens' Mother Spells Out Family Legacy". Indian Country Today. Retrieved August 18, 2013. Stevens was a 1/16th enrolled citizen of the Chinook Indian Nation
  9. ^ "Slain ambassador was member of local Chinook Tribe" Archived September 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Chinook Observer. September 13, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
  10. ^ Matt Bewig (March 18, 2012). "Ambassador to Libya: Who Is Chris Stevens?". allgov. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  11. ^ The death of Chris Stevens, U.S. Ambassador to Libya, hits close to home. Archived September 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ California Marriage Index, 1960–1985, accessed on ancestry.com on September 17, 2012
  13. ^ "Slain Ambassador Chris Stevens was 'A Very Smart, Very Funny Guy' says Cal Roommate Austin Tichenor". Napa Patch. September 11, 2012. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013.
  14. ^ Anita Creamer; The Sacramento Bee. "Slain U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens had Northern California roots". McClatchydc. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
  15. ^ State Bar of California, Attorney Profile for John Christopher Stevens. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  16. ^ Bradley Klapper (September 12, 2012). "Chris Stevens: US envoy to Arab world". Associated Press. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  17. ^ a b c d Hadeel Al Shalchi. "In Libya, deadly fury took U.S. envoys by surprise". Reuters. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  18. ^ CBS/AP. "U.S. officials: Deadly Libya attack likely planned". CBS News. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  19. ^ Hammond, Andrew (September 12, 2012). "Libya official says Gaddafi loyalists killed U.S. diplomats". Reuters. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  20. ^ Baker, Peter; Kirkpatrick, David D.; Zway, Suliman Ali; Myers, Steven Lee (September 15, 2012). Joseph, Kahn; Baquet, Dean; Drake, Monica; Sulzberger, Sulzberger; Arthur Ochs, Sulzberger Jr.; Louttit, Meghan (eds.). "Diplomats' bodies return to U.S., and Lybian guards recount deadly riot". The New York Times. Vol. CLXI, no. 74. New York City. p. A11. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012.
  21. ^ https://youhavebeenmarkled.tumblr.com/post/661720604750266368/found-dead-suicide-being-investigated-reporter
  22. ^ Libya: Assault on U.S. consulate in Benghazi leaves 4 dead, including U.S. Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens CBS News September 11, 2012
  23. ^ US confirms ambassador killed in Benghazi Libya BBC News September 11, 2012
  24. ^ "Statement on the Deaths of Tyrone S. Woods and Glen A. Doherty in Benghazi, Libya". U.S. Department of State. September 13, 2012. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  25. ^ "Two SEAL vets from SD killed in Libya". U-T San Diego. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by United States Ambassador to Libya
2012 		Succeeded by
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