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=== Personal life ===
=== Personal life ===
On a trip to [[New York City]] in 1843, Candace met Thomas Mason Wheeler (1818-1895).<ref name="1894WeddingAnniv">{{cite news|title=NOTES ABOUT WOMEN.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1894/08/05/archives/notes-about-women.html|access-date=14 May 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=5 August 1894}}</ref> Relatively well educated and interested in the arts, Tom was the brother of the Thurbers' minister's wife, whom Candace admired as the first "cultivated" person she had known. Within a year, they married: Tom was 26, Candace 17.<ref name=":0" /> Candace's relocation to New York City, upended her constrained, rural life. Eventually, the couple had four children:<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oscarwildesameri00blan|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/oscarwildesameri00blan/page/53 53]|quote=Candace Wheeler.|title=Oscar Wilde's America: Counterculture in the Gilded Age|last=Blanchard|first=Mary Warner|date=1998-01-01|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300074603|language=en}}</ref>
On a trip to [[New York City]] in 1843, Candace met Thomas Mason Wheeler (1818-1895).<ref name="1894WeddingAnniv">{{cite news|title=NOTES ABOUT WOMEN.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1894/08/05/archives/notes-about-women.html|access-date=14 May 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=5 August 1894}}</ref> Relatively well educated and interested in the arts, Tom was the brother of the Thurbers' minister's wife, whom Candace admired as the first "cultivated" person she had known. Within a year, they married: Tom was 26, Candace 17.<ref name=":0" /> Candace's relocation to New York City upended her constrained, rural life. Eventually, the couple had four children:<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oscarwildesameri00blan|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/oscarwildesameri00blan/page/53 53]|quote=Candace Wheeler.|title=Oscar Wilde's America: Counterculture in the Gilded Age|last=Blanchard|first=Mary Warner|date=1998-01-01|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300074603|language=en}}</ref>


* Candace Thurber Wheeler (1845–1876), who married [[Lewis Atterbury Stimson]] (1844–1917), and was the mother of [[Henry L. Stimson]], who became the [[U.S. Secretary of State]]. Cannie and her mother enjoyed an intensely loving relationship, abruptly ended in 1876 when Cannie died at the age of 31. As a result of he trauma of her loss, Candace dedicated the rest of her life to helping women. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Ila |title=Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876) |publisher=Kindle Direct Publishing |year=2022 |pages=(See Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, passim) |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="MissStimsonObit1944">{{cite news |date=10 February 1944 |title=MISS STIMSON DIES; SECRETARY'S SISTER; Carried Anti-Tetanus Serum to Troops Under Fire Was in Trans-Ocean Yacht Race |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1944/02/10/archives/miss-stimson-dies-secretarys-sisteri-carried-antitetanus-serum-to.html |access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref>
* Candace Thurber Wheeler (1845–1876), who married [[Lewis Atterbury Stimson]] (1844–1917), and was the mother of [[Henry L. Stimson]], who became the [[U.S. Secretary of State]]. Cannie and her mother enjoyed an intensely loving relationship, abruptly ended in 1876 when Cannie died at the age of 31. As a result of he trauma of her loss, Candace dedicated the rest of her life to helping women. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Ila |title=Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876) |publisher=Kindle Direct Publishing |year=2022 |pages=(See Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, passim) |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="MissStimsonObit1944">{{cite news |date=10 February 1944 |title=MISS STIMSON DIES; SECRETARY'S SISTER; Carried Anti-Tetanus Serum to Troops Under Fire Was in Trans-Ocean Yacht Race |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1944/02/10/archives/miss-stimson-dies-secretarys-sisteri-carried-antitetanus-serum-to.html |access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:48, 21 July 2023

Candace Wheeler
Born
Candace Thurber

(1827-03-27)March 27, 1827
Delhi, New York, U.S.
DiedAugust 5, 1923(1923-08-05) (aged 96)
EducationDelaware Academy
OccupationInterior decorator
SpouseThomas Mason Wheeler
Children4, including Dora Wheeler Keith
Parent(s)Abner Gilman Thurber
Lucy Dunham
RelativesHenry L. Stimson (grandson)

Candace Wheeler (née Thurber; March 24, 1827 – August 5, 1923), traditionally credited as the mother of interior design, was one of America's first woman interior and textile designers. She helped open the field of interior design to women, supported craftswomen, and promoted American design reform. A committed feminist, she employed women and encouraged their education, especially in the fine and applied arts, and fostered home industries for rural women. She also did editorial work and wrote several books and many articles, encompassing fiction, semi-fiction and non-fiction, for adults and children. She used her exceptional organizational skills to co-found both the Society of Decorative Art in New York City (1877) and the New York Exchange for Women's Work (1878); and she partnered with Louis Comfort Tiffany and others in designing interiors, specializing in textiles (1879-1883), then founded her own firm, The Associated Artists (1883-1907). [1] [2] [3] [4]

Throughout her long career Wheeler was associated with the Colonial Revival, the Aesthetic Movement and the Arts and Crafts Movement, She was considered a national authority on home decoration, and gained widespread recognition for designing the interior of the Women's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, IL. [4] [5]

Early life

Principles of home decoration, with practical examples, Candace Wheeler, 1903

Candace Wheeler was born Candace Thurber on March 24, 1827 in Delhi, New York west of the Catskill Mountains, but spent her first seven years in Oswego, NY, on Lake Ontario.[6] Her parents were Abner Gilman Thurber (1797–1860) and Lucy (née Dunham) Thurber (1800–1892). Candace was the third born of eight siblings: Lydia Ann Thurber (1824-?), Charles Stewart Thurber (1826–1888), Horace Thurber (1828–1899), Lucy Thurber (1834–1893), Millicent Thurber (1837–1838), Abner Dunham Thurber (1839–1899), and Francis Beattie Thurber (1842–1907).[7]

Wheeler led a happy a childhood, though she expressed annoyance at how their father raised them "a hundred years behind the time."[7] She believed her father to be clairvoyant, able to predict the future. He was strictly Presbyterian but also a strict abolitionist. He ensured that the family never used any product made by slaves: the family used homemade maple sugar instead of cane sugar and linen woven from flax they grew on their farm instead of southern cotton.[7] Looking back, Candace was convinced their farm had been a stop on the underground railroad. Abner also loved nature and poetry, and shared these passions with Candace, a kindred spirit.[8] Candace attended an "infant school" in Oswego, where at age six she stitched her first sampler. On return to Delhi she attended and graduated from the Delaware Academy. [7][9]

Career

The American Grocer

Wheeler's first professional activity was writing for the American Grocer, a trade publication owned by her wholesale-grocer brothers and edited in 1874 by her husband Tom. The following year she created the "Home Department" for that journal, a pull-out section for grocers' wives and children, which she edited and to which she continued to contribute articles and semi-fiction based on her experiences to date. She hired both her son Jim, who would become a journalist and author, to write stories that reflected his stint as a mariner in the South Pacific, and her sister Lu to write articles about homemaking and home decoration, as well as humorous satires evoking their older relatives that exploit the rural/urban tensions of the time. Much of Wheeler's life experiences before 1876, including travels abroad, may be gleaned from these early writings.[10][11]

Philadelphia Centennial

In 1876, Wheeler visited the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. She was impressed by the Royal School of Art Needlework's elaborate display, including designs by Walter Crane, her favorite designer, as well as by an exhibit of more practical items enbroidered by English women.[12] It was not merely the artistry of the needlework that inspired her; she embraced English idea of needlework as a business that benefited women. While still in Philadelphia, Wheeler conceived of an American version of the Royal School that would include "all articles of feminine manufacture." In her opinion, this model could help "educated" but impoverished women (implying class bias). Years later, in a letter to her niece, Wheeler described herself as "jumping at the possibility of work for the army of helpless women of N.Y. who were ashamed to beg & untrained to work." [7] [13] [14]

Society of Decorative Art in New York

Wheeler co-founded the Society of Decorative Arts with Caroline E. Lamson (Mrs. David) Lane in New York in 1877.[14] [15] She hired the recently widowed Elizabeth Bacon (Mrs. General George Armstrong) Custer as secretary: the two women became fast, life-long friends. [2] [5] [16] The Society was intended to help women support themselves through artistic handicrafts including needlework and other decorative arts. It served the thousands of women who were left indigent at the end of the Civil War. Wheeler called on prominent New York society matrons to support a shop in which the high-quality, custom-made goods could be sold to produce income; they had five hundred subscribers within three years. [14] [16] [17]

Leading artists were hired to teach or judge exhibits at the Society in New York, including Louis Comfort Tiffany and John LaFarge. Wheeler helped to start branches in Chicago, St. Louis, Hartford, Detroit, Troy, New York and Charleston, South Carolina. [13] [18] Although she described resigning in a huff from the Society of Decorative Arts in 1879, she actually remained involved and supportive for the next several years. [19]

New York Exchange for Women's Work

In 1878 Wheeler helped launch the New York Exchange for Women's Work, where women could sell any product that they could manufacture at home, including baked goods and household linens. [14] [19] To serve a broader range of women, no artistic skills were required. The Exchange opened in March 1878 with a consignment sale of thirty items at the home of Exchange co-founder Mary Atwater (Mrs. William) Choate. In April, the Exchange moved to a rented facility and by May it was successful enough to employ to part-time sales women. In its first year, it paid out nearly $14,000 in commissions. By 1891, there were at least seventy-two Exchanges across the United States.[16] The New York Exchange continued to operate until 2003. [20]

Tiffany & Wheeler

In 1879, Candace Wheeler and Louis Comfort Tiffany co-founded the interior-decorating firm of Tiffany & Wheeler, with Wheeler responsible for textiles. [14] [19] Soon they were joined by William Pringle Mitchell and Lockwood de Forest to became Louis Comfort Tiffany, Associated Artists, The firm decorated a number of significant late-19th-century houses and public buildings, including the Veterans’ Room of the Seventh Regiment Armory, the Madison Square Theatre, the Union League Club, the George Kemp house, and the drawing room of the Cornelius Vanderbilt II house. It also designed the main spaces of the extant Mark Twain’ house in West Hartford, CT. [17] [21] [22]

Associated Artists

Associated Artists embroidered card table cover, 44" x 44", silk thread embroidery on cloth, circa 1900

In 1883 Wheeler formed her own firm, specializing in textiles and actively involving only women, under the name Associated Artists.[13][19] [14] [23] [24] They produced a wide range of goods including tapestries and theater curtains.[25] The Associated Artists was particularly well-known for its "changeable" silks, woven from differently colored threads for iridescence, their changing colors depending on the angle and light.[26] [7]

Wealthy customers could purchase custom designs. Andrew Carnegie commissioned a Scotch thistle damask.[25] Lillie Langtry ordered a pair of rose-themed portieres for her bedroom that were coordinated with a transparent silk bed canopy embroidered with roses from which embroidered petals appeared to have dropped onto the bedcover--an example of Wheeler's conceptual thinking. [7] [27]

Between 1884 and 1894, the Cheney Brothers silk mills of Manchester, CT, turned out more than 500 silk fabrics designed by The Associated Artists in a range of prices that were sold throughout the United States.[28] At the same time, Wheeler created less expensive products for a wider audience with machine-ready patterns for denim and other cotton. She consciously created American designs based on local plant forms. [14] [25] [29]

The Associated Artists' signature needle-woven tapestry was a combination of loom weaving and handwork that Wheeler had invented and patented.[25] [30] The technique made the stitches practically invisible to create a smooth surfaced tapestry.[7] [31]

Onteora

One of Wheeler's touted achievements was the creation of a vacation community in the Catskills, Onteora, still ongoing. In 1883 she and her wealthy brother Frank (Francis B. Thurber) selected elevated land with extensive views near Tannersville, NY, on which to build two summer houses for their respective families. By 1887 Wheeler and her sister-in-law, Jeannette (Mrs. Francis B.) Thurber (herself acclaimed for advancing music training and performance in America during this period), decided to expand and develop their property as a vacation community of like-minded people dedicated to the arts. [32] Wheeler commissioned her son Dunham, a fledgling architect, to design several of the early buildings (thereby launching a modest career specializing in summer homes). [33] The Associated Artists designed the interiors. Wheeler greatly expanded her originally modest house over the years, and cultivated a garden which became the point of departure for her delightful book, Content in a Garden (1901). [34] Onteora eventually owned two thousand acres of land.[35]

World's Columbian Exposition

In 1893, at the age of 66, Wheeler agreed to take charge of the interior of the Woman's Building at the Chicago World's Fair, and to organize the State of New York's applied arts exhibition there.[19] The Woman's Building was overseen by Bertha Palmer and designed by architect Sophia Hayden. Artists featured in the Woman's Building included Alice Rideout, Mary Cassatt, Rosina Emmet Sherwood, Amanda Brewster Sewell, Lydia Field Emmet, Marie Herndl, and Wheeler's daughter Dora Wheeler Keith. [36] The building was filled with exhibitions of women's fine arts, crafts, industrial products and regional and ethnic specialties from around the world, which were discussed in some of Wheeler's subsequent writings.[37] Her widely read paean to the Columbian Exposition, "A Dream City," appeared in Harper's Monthly (1893). [38]

A frieze encircling the grand rotunda of the Woman's Building listed the ''golden names of women who in past and present centuries have done honor to the human race,'' a roll-call echoed in the names on the floor of Judy Chicago's 1979 ''The Dinner Party.''[37]

Later life

Wheeler spent much of her later life writing books and articles on decorating and the textile arts, as well as fiction.[17] She published her last book in 1921.[17]

Personal life

On a trip to New York City in 1843, Candace met Thomas Mason Wheeler (1818-1895).[39] Relatively well educated and interested in the arts, Tom was the brother of the Thurbers' minister's wife, whom Candace admired as the first "cultivated" person she had known. Within a year, they married: Tom was 26, Candace 17.[7] Candace's relocation to New York City upended her constrained, rural life. Eventually, the couple had four children:[35]

  • Candace Thurber Wheeler (1845–1876), who married Lewis Atterbury Stimson (1844–1917), and was the mother of Henry L. Stimson, who became the U.S. Secretary of State. Cannie and her mother enjoyed an intensely loving relationship, abruptly ended in 1876 when Cannie died at the age of 31. As a result of he trauma of her loss, Candace dedicated the rest of her life to helping women. [40][41]
  • James Cooper Wheeler (1849–1912), a difficult child who caused his mother anxiety and regret throughout his life. He married Annie Morris Robinson on October 4, 1878. She and their one child, Candace, were abandoned when Jim moved to Australia in 1887. That marriage was annulled in 1892. Jim relocated to Washington State where he became a journalist and publisher. In 1894 he married Zoe Seger with whom he had three children. Jim wrote the book series for boys, There She Blows, and several stories and articles. Jim and his daughter Candace died in suspicious circumstances in 1912. [42] [43] [44]
  • Dora Wheeler (1856–1940),[45] who married Boudinot Keith (1859–1925)[46]
  • Dunham Wheeler (1861–1938) who married Anne Quartley.

Wheeler died on August 5, 1923 at the age of 96.[17][47][48]

Publications

  • Household Art. New York: Harper & Brothers, (1893).
  • Content in a Garden. New York: Houghton Mifflin and Company, (1901).[49]
  • How to make rugs. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, (1902).
  • Principles of Home Decoration. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, (1903).
  • The Annals of Onteora: 1887–1914. New York: E.W. Whitfield, (1914?)
  • Yesterdays in a busy life. New York: Harper & Brothers, (1918).
  • The Development of Embroidery in America. New York: Harper & Brothers, (1921).

References

Notes
  1. ^ Weiss, Ila (2022). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life:Book One, Genesis (1827-1876). Kindle (self-published). pp. (See Chapter 6).
  2. ^ a b Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 2, 3, and 4).
  3. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Three, Bounty (1887-1923). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 1, 2, 4 and 5).
  4. ^ a b Glueck, Grace (16 November 2001). "DESIGN REVIEW; Luxury for the Rich, Opportunity for Women". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  5. ^ a b Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Three, Bounty (1887-1923). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 2).
  6. ^ Weiss, Ila (2022). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 1).
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Peck, Amelia; Irish, Carol (2001-01-01). Candace Wheeler: The Art and Enterprise of American Design, 1875-1900. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9781588390028.
  8. ^ Weiss, Ila (2022). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 1).
  9. ^ Weiss, Ila (2022). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876). pp. (See Chapter 1).
  10. ^ Weiss, Ila (2022). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 6).
  11. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 1).
  12. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 1).
  13. ^ a b c Banham, Joanna (1997-05-01). Encyclopedia of Interior Design. Routledge. ISBN 9781136787584.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Hunter, Clare (2019). Threads of life : a history of the world through the eye of a needle. London: Sceptre (Hodder & Stoughton). p. 234. ISBN 9781473687912. OCLC 1079199690.
  15. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 1).
  16. ^ a b c Sander, Kathleen Waters (1998-01-01). The Business of Charity: The Woman's Exchange Movement, 1832-1900. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252067037.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Candace Wheeler, 1827-1923: Entrepreneur, Artist, and Founder of American Interior Design". AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881. Archived from the original on 2017-10-12. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  18. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 1).
  19. ^ a b c d e "Open Collections Program: Women Working, Candace Wheeler (1827–1923)". ocp.hul.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  20. ^ "New York Exchange for Womens' Work". New-York Historical Society Museum and Library: Women and the American Story. Retrieved 7/21/2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ Peck, Amelia; Irish, Carol (2001-01-01). Candace Wheeler: The Art and Enterprise of American Design, 1875-1900. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9781588390028.
  22. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 2).
  23. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 4 and 5).
  24. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Three, Bounty (1887-1923). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 1 and 4).
  25. ^ a b c d Zipf, Catherine W. (2007-01-01). Professional Pursuits: Women and the American Arts and Crafts Movement. Univ. of Tennessee Press. ISBN 9781572336018.
  26. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 4).
  27. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 4).
  28. ^ "Candace Wheeler: Pioneer American Designer". UPI. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  29. ^ "THE OLD ART OF SEWING; Mrs. Candace Wheeler Tells of Its Development. BEAUTIFUL FABRICS EXHIBITED Changes in Garments Since the Days of Mother Eve -- The Silkworm Industry in this Country". The New York Times. 12 March 1895. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  30. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 2).
  31. ^ Phipps, Elena (2001). "Appendix: The Materials and Techniques of Candace Wheeler's Textiles," in Peck and Irish, Candace Wheeler, The Art and Enterprise of American Design, 1875-1900. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press. pp. 252–254. ISBN 0-300-09081-1.
  32. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 4 and 5).
  33. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Two, Fruition (1876-1892). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. See Chapters 4 and 5).
  34. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Three, Bounty (1887-1923). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 3, 4 and 5).
  35. ^ a b Blanchard, Mary Warner (1998-01-01). Oscar Wilde's America: Counterculture in the Gilded Age. Yale University Press. p. 53. ISBN 0300074603. Candace Wheeler.
  36. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Three, Bounty (1887-1923). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 2).
  37. ^ a b Women., Nancy F. Cott; Nancy F. Cott, Who Teaches Women's History At Yale University, Recently Co-edited With Elizabeth Pleck a Heritage Of Her Own: Toward A. New Social History Of American (1981-07-19). "AN EXPERIMENT OF WOMEN, 1893". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-11-21. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Three, Bounty (1887-1923). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 2).
  39. ^ "NOTES ABOUT WOMEN". The New York Times. 5 August 1894. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  40. ^ Weiss, Ila (2022). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, passim).
  41. ^ "MISS STIMSON DIES; SECRETARY'S SISTER; Carried Anti-Tetanus Serum to Troops Under Fire Was in Trans-Ocean Yacht Race". The New York Times. 10 February 1944. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  42. ^ Weiss, Ila (2022). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book One, Genesis (1827-1876). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5).
  43. ^ Weiss, Ila (2023). Candace Wheeler, A Creative Life: Book Three, Bounty (1887-1923). Kindle Direct Publishing. pp. (See Chapter 3).
  44. ^ Times, Special To The New York (25 September 1912). "J.C.WHEELER DIES SUDDENLY; iWas In Denver to Contest the Will of His Daughter". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  45. ^ "DORA W. KEITH, 85, PORTRAIT PAINTER; Likeness of Mark Twain in the Hartford Museum--Widow of Lawyer Is Dead Here DID STATE CAPITOL WORK Executed Ceiling in Albany-- Artist Was Aunt of H.L. Stimson, Secretary of War". The New York Times. 28 December 1940. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  46. ^ John Bonner; George William Curtis; Henry Mills Alden (1890). Harper's Weekly. Harper's Magazine Company. pp. 479–.
  47. ^ "Services for Mrs. Wheeler". The New York Times. 8 August 1923. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  48. ^ Times, Special To The New York (6 August 1923). "Mrs. Candace T. Wheeler Dies at 96". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  49. ^ "Candace Wheeler's Garden Book.*". The New York Times. 20 July 1901. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
Sources
  • Amelia Peck and Carol Irish (2001). Candace Wheeler. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. ISBN 1-58839-002-0.
  • Peck, Amelia. “Candace Wheeler (1827–1923).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2004)
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