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Changed "or" to "and" for clarity. Switched the positions of the accusations to put the primary accusation (with more citations) first and the minor one second.
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On assuming office in 2023, she became Harvard's first Black president.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudine Gay Takes Office, Officially Becoming Harvard's First Black President|work=The Harvard Crimson|first1=Miles J.|last1=Herszenhorn|first2=Claire|last2=Yuan|date=July 2, 2023|access-date=December 7, 2023 |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2023/7/2/claudine-gay-in-office/}}</ref> Prior to that, she served as the Edgerley Family Dean of [[Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences]].
On assuming office in 2023, she became Harvard's first Black president.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudine Gay Takes Office, Officially Becoming Harvard's First Black President|work=The Harvard Crimson|first1=Miles J.|last1=Herszenhorn|first2=Claire|last2=Yuan|date=July 2, 2023|access-date=December 7, 2023 |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2023/7/2/claudine-gay-in-office/}}</ref> Prior to that, she served as the Edgerley Family Dean of [[Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences]].


Gay's role as university president came to international media attention following the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel]],<ref name="Al-Jazeera-1206">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=How are Harvard, Penn presidents responding to campus anti-Semitism row?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/7/how-are-harvard-penn-presidents-responding-to-campus-anti-semitism-row|access-date=2023-12-07 |website= Al Jazeera|language=en-US}}</ref> when she was accused<ref name ="WSJ-10-11">{{Cite web |first1=Douglas|last1=Belkin|first2=Lindsay|last2=Ellis |date=2023-10-11 |title=Blaming Israel for Hamas Attacks Sparks Backlash Across U.S., Exposing Deep Rifts |url=https://www.wsj.com/us-news/israel-hamas-attack-us-backlash-ff5f25e8 |access-date=2023-10-13 |work=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> of not adequately condemning the attacks<ref name="NYT1010">{{Cite news |last=Hartocollis |first=Anemona |last2=Saul |first2=Stephanie |last3=Patel |first3=Vimal |date=2023-10-10 |title=At Harvard, a Battle Over What Should Be Said About the Hamas Attacks |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/harvard-israel-gaza-hamas-reaction.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> or responding to anti-semitism on campus.<ref name="NYT1206">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=College Presidents Under Fire After Dodging Questions About Antisemitism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/06/us/harvard-mit-penn-presidents-antisemitism.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website= [[The New York Times]]|first1=Stephanie|last1=Saul|first2=Anemona|last2=Hartocollis|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="AB-1206">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=Harvard's president answers backlash over response to calls for 'genocide of Jews' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/harvards-president-answers-backlash-response-calls-genocide-jews/story?id=105433835|access-date=2023-12-07 |website= ABC News|first=Sarah Beth|last=Hensley|language=en-US}}</ref>
Gay's role as university president came to international media attention following the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel]],<ref name="Al-Jazeera-1206">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=How are Harvard, Penn presidents responding to campus anti-Semitism row?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/7/how-are-harvard-penn-presidents-responding-to-campus-anti-semitism-row|access-date=2023-12-07 |website= Al Jazeera|language=en-US}}</ref> when she was accused<ref name ="WSJ-10-11">{{Cite web |first1=Douglas|last1=Belkin|first2=Lindsay|last2=Ellis |date=2023-10-11 |title=Blaming Israel for Hamas Attacks Sparks Backlash Across U.S., Exposing Deep Rifts |url=https://www.wsj.com/us-news/israel-hamas-attack-us-backlash-ff5f25e8 |access-date=2023-10-13 |work=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> of not responding to anti-semitism on campus<ref name="NYT1206">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=College Presidents Under Fire After Dodging Questions About Antisemitism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/06/us/harvard-mit-penn-presidents-antisemitism.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website= [[The New York Times]]|first1=Stephanie|last1=Saul|first2=Anemona|last2=Hartocollis|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="AB-1206">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=Harvard's president answers backlash over response to calls for 'genocide of Jews' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/harvards-president-answers-backlash-response-calls-genocide-jews/story?id=105433835|access-date=2023-12-07 |website= ABC News|first=Sarah Beth|last=Hensley|language=en-US}}</ref> and of not adequately condemning the attacks.<ref name="NYT1010">{{Cite news |last=Hartocollis |first=Anemona |last2=Saul |first2=Stephanie |last3=Patel |first3=Vimal |date=2023-10-10 |title=At Harvard, a Battle Over What Should Be Said About the Hamas Attacks |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/harvard-israel-gaza-hamas-reaction.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Gay grew up the child of [[Haitians|Haitian]] immigrants who came to the United States and met in [[New York City]] as students. Her mother studied nursing and her father studied engineering.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=http://afropunk.com/2018/07/meet-the-haitian-american-woman-whos-harvards-new-dean-of-the-faculty-of-arts-science/|title=Meet the Haitian-American woman who's Harvard's new Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science |date=25 July 2018|work=Afropunk|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> Gay spent much of her childhood first in New York City, and then in [[Saudi Arabia]], where her father worked for the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/07/claudine-gay-named-harvard-fas-dean/|title=Claudine Gay named Harvard FAS dean|date=2018-07-23|work=Harvard Gazette|access-date=2018-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref> while her mother was a registered nurse.<ref name=":2" /> Gay is a cousin of writer [[Roxane Gay]].<ref name=":3" />
Gay grew up the child of [[Haitians|Haitian]] immigrants who came to the United States and met in [[New York City]] as students. Her mother studied nursing and her father studied engineering.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=http://afropunk.com/2018/07/meet-the-haitian-american-woman-whos-harvards-new-dean-of-the-faculty-of-arts-science/|title=Meet the Haitian-American woman who's Harvard's new Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science |date=25 July 2018|work=Afropunk|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> Gay spent much of her childhood first in New York City, and then in [[Saudi Arabia]], where her father worked for the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/07/claudine-gay-named-harvard-fas-dean/|title=Claudine Gay named Harvard FAS dean|date=2018-07-23|work=Harvard Gazette|access-date=2018-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref> while her mother was a registered nurse.<ref name=":2" /> Gay is a cousin of writer [[Roxane Gay]].<ref name=":3" />

Revision as of 01:31, 22 December 2023

Claudine Gay
30th President of Harvard University
Incumbent
Assumed office
July 1, 2023
Preceded byLawrence Bacow
Dean of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences
In office
August 15, 2018 – June 30, 2023
Preceded byMichael D. Smith
Succeeded byEmma Dench (interim)
Hopi Hoekstra
Personal details
Born1969 or 1970 (age 53–54)
New York City, U.S.
SpouseChristopher Afendulis
RelationsRoxane Gay (cousin)
Children1
EducationStanford University (BA)
Harvard University (MA, PhD)
Scientific career
FieldsPolitical science
InstitutionsHarvard University
ThesisTaking Charge: Black Electoral Success and the Redefinition of American Policies (1997)

Claudine Gay (born 1969 or 1970)[1] is an American political scientist and academic administrator who is the 30th president of Harvard University, and the Wilbur A. Cowett Professor of Government and of African and African-American Studies.[2] Gay's research addresses American political behavior, including voter turnout and politics of race and identity.[3]

On assuming office in 2023, she became Harvard's first Black president.[4] Prior to that, she served as the Edgerley Family Dean of Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

Gay's role as university president came to international media attention following the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel,[5] when she was accused[6] of not responding to anti-semitism on campus[7][8] and of not adequately condemning the attacks.[9]

Early life and education

Gay grew up the child of Haitian immigrants who came to the United States and met in New York City as students. Her mother studied nursing and her father studied engineering.[10] Gay spent much of her childhood first in New York City, and then in Saudi Arabia, where her father worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,[11] while her mother was a registered nurse.[11] Gay is a cousin of writer Roxane Gay.[10]

Gay attended Phillips Exeter Academy, a private boarding school in Exeter, New Hampshire,[12] from which she graduated in 1988.[13] She then attended Princeton University for one year,[14][15][16] before transferring to Stanford University, where she studied economics. She received the Anna Laura Myers Prize for best undergraduate thesis in economics and graduated in 1992.[11] Gay earned her Ph.D. in 1998 from Harvard, where she won the university's Toppan Prize for the best dissertation in political science.[17]

Academic career

After graduating, Gay was an assistant professor, and later tenured associate professor, in Stanford University's Department of Political Science from 2000 to 2006. In the 2003-2004 academic year, Gay was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.[11]

Gay's research addresses American political behavior, including voter turnout and politics of race and identity.[3] She was recruited by Harvard to be a professor of government in 2006, and was appointed professor of African American studies in 2007.[2]

Administrative positions

In 2015, Gay was named the Dean of Social Studies at the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) and the Wilbur A. Cowett Professor of Government and of African and African-American Studies. In 2018, she was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[18]

As Dean of FAS, which oversees graduate and undergraduate studies, Gay outlined four priorities: increasing diversity among faculty, increasing interdisciplinary studies among students, encouraging collaboration among professors, and fostering faculty involvement in the university's community.[19]

In 2019, Harvard College Dean Rakesh Khurana declined to renew the appointments of Ronald Sullivan and Stephanie Robinson, the faculty deans of Winthrop House and Harvard's first Black faculty deans. This followed months of campus protests after Sullivan joined the legal defense team for Harvey Weinstein, who at the time was on trial for rape,[20] and public allegations of a toxic environment by Winthrop House tutors and staff.[21] The university announced that the decision was based on performance and morale at Winthrop House,[22] but Sullivan accused Khurana and Gay of capitulating to campus protestors.[23][24]

In 2020, the university faced educational and financial disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic. For fiscal year 2020, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences reported losses of $15.8 million.[25] In 2021, Gay announced that the cost of the FAS's core academic commitments were greater than its revenues and began processes to reduce expenses including a freeze on faculty bonuses and salary increases, and a freeze on faculty searches.[19] In 2021, the FAS reported a surplus of $51 million, an increase from the projected deficit of $112 million.[26]

In addition to her time at Harvard and Stanford, Gay served as a vice president of the Midwest Political Science Association from 2014 to 2017[27] and has been a trustee of Phillips Exeter Academy since 2017.[12]

Harvard presidency

In June 2022, Harvard President Lawrence Bacow announced he would resign from the post in one year. A search committee, led by Penny Pritzker, Senior Fellow at the Harvard Corporation, considered 600 nominees and selected Gay to succeed Bacow. On December 15, 2022, Harvard announced that Gay had been selected as the 30th president of Harvard University.[28][29] She took office on July 1, 2023, becoming the university's first Black president.[30][31]

2023 congressional hearing

After the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, Gay faced criticism, including from former Harvard President Lawrence Summers,[32][33] for failing to adequately condemn the attacks.

In a December 2023 Congressional hearing on antisemitism, Gay and two other university presidents were accused by some members of Congress of not doing enough to condemn and combat antisemitism on Harvard's campus.[34] When asked if a hypothetical call for the genocide of Jewish people would qualify as a violation of Harvard's code of conduct, Gay responded "It can be, depending on the context." She later clarified: "Antisemitic rhetoric, when it crosses into conduct that amounts to bullying, harassment, intimidation — that is actionable conduct and we do take action."[35] Gay's remarks were broadly condemned in US media.[36]

Responding to criticism after the hearing,[37] Gay apologized[38] and released a statement saying that some people "have confused a right to free expression with the idea that Harvard will condone calls for violence against Jewish students".[39][40]

In the wake of calls for Gay's resignation, more than 700 of Harvard's 2,452 faculty members signed a letter opposing calls for her to be removed as university president.[41] The Executive Committee of Harvard's Alumni Association also stated that it "unanimously and unequivocally" supported Gay's leadership, praising her "for protecting academic freedom and the right of all students to voice their opinions".[42]

One week after the congressional hearing, the Harvard Corporation announced that Gay would remain president. The board said that they "unanimously" supported Gay's leadership after "extensive deliberations", adding: "President Gay has apologized for how she handled her congressional testimony and has committed to redoubling the University’s fight against antisemitism."[43]

Plagiarism allegations

Soon after the hearing, conservative activists Christopher Rufo and Aaron Sibarium accused Gay of plagiarizing sections of her Ph.D. dissertation and three other publications between 1993 and 2017.[44][45][46] In response, Gay said, "I stand by the integrity of my scholarship"[45] and requested an independent review of her work.[47] The Harvard Corporation released a statement saying the review found "a few instances of inadequate citation" in her work, but "no violation of Harvard’s standards for research misconduct."[48] Gay requested corrections to add citations and quotation marks to two of her articles.[43][49]

Personal life

Gay is married to Christopher Afendulis, an information systems analyst at Stanford University's Department of Health Research and Policy. They have a son who was born in 2006.[50]

Selected publications

Scholia has an author profile for Claudine Gay.
  • 1998: "Doubly Bound: The Impact of Gender and Race on the Politics of Black Women", Political Psychology, co-authored with Katherine Tate
  • 2001: "The Effect of Black Congressional Representation on Political Participation", American Political Science Review
  • 2001: The Effect of Minority Districts and Minority Representation on Political Participation in California, Public Policy Institute of California
  • 2002: "Spirals of Trust? The Effect of Descriptive Representation on the Relationship Between Citizens and Their Government", American Journal of Political Science
  • 2004: "Putting Race in Context: Identifying the Environmental Determinants of Black Racial Attitudes", American Political Science Review
  • 2006: "Seeing Difference: The Effect of Economic Disparity on Black Attitudes Toward Latinos", American Journal of Political Science
  • 2007: "Legislating Without Constraints: The Effect of Minority Districting on Legislators' Responsiveness to Constituency Preferences", The Journal of Politics
  • 2012: "Moving to Opportunity: The Political Effects of a Housing Mobility Experiment", Urban Affairs Review
  • 2013: Outsiders No More? Models of Immigrant Political Incorporation, Oxford University Press, co-editor with Jacqueline Chattopadhyay, Jennifer Hochschild, and Michael Jones-Correa
  • 2014: "Knowledge Matters: Policy Cross-pressures and Black Partisanship", Political Behavior

References

  1. ^ Saul, Stephanie; Patel, Vimal (2022-12-15). "Harvard Names a New President, an Insider and Historic First". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  2. ^ a b "Harvard names Claudine Gay 30th president". Harvard Gazette. 2022-12-15. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  3. ^ a b "Claudine Gay". aaas.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  4. ^ Herszenhorn, Miles J.; Yuan, Claire (July 2, 2023). "Claudine Gay Takes Office, Officially Becoming Harvard's First Black President". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  5. ^ "How are Harvard, Penn presidents responding to campus anti-Semitism row?". Al Jazeera. 2023-12-06. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  6. ^ Belkin, Douglas; Ellis, Lindsay (2023-10-11). "Blaming Israel for Hamas Attacks Sparks Backlash Across U.S., Exposing Deep Rifts". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  7. ^ Saul, Stephanie; Hartocollis, Anemona (2023-12-06). "College Presidents Under Fire After Dodging Questions About Antisemitism". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  8. ^ Hensley, Sarah Beth (2023-12-06). "Harvard's president answers backlash over response to calls for 'genocide of Jews'". ABC News. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  9. ^ Hartocollis, Anemona; Saul, Stephanie; Patel, Vimal (2023-10-10). "At Harvard, a Battle Over What Should Be Said About the Hamas Attacks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  10. ^ a b "Meet the Haitian-American woman who's Harvard's new Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science". Afropunk. 25 July 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d "Claudine Gay named Harvard FAS dean". Harvard Gazette. 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  12. ^ a b "Meet Our Trustees | Phillips Exeter Academy". www.exeter.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-02-02. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  13. ^ "The Scholar Everyone Sought: Claudine Gay, Harvard's Next President | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  14. ^ "The Scholar Everyone Sought: Claudine Gay, Harvard's Next President | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  15. ^ "Who is Claudine Gay, Harvard's president? And how has she made history?". WBAL. 2023-12-12. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  16. ^ "The Stanford Daily Archives". archives.stanforddaily.com. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  17. ^ Reuell, Peter (2015-04-28). "Claudine Gay named dean of social science". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  18. ^ "Claudine Gay". aaas.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  19. ^ a b Rosenberg, John (September 2021). "The Art of the Dean". Harvard Magazine.
  20. ^ Silvergate, Harvey (2019-02-22). "Harvard, Harvey Weinstein, and Professor Ronald Sullivan". News. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  21. ^ "Winthrop Faculty Deans to Leave After Harvard Refuses to Renew Their Appointments | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  22. ^ Avi-Yonah, Shera S.; Ryan, Aidan F. (May 11, 2019). "Winthrop Faculty Deans to Leave After Harvard Refuses to Renew Their Appointments". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  23. ^ Avi-Yonah, Shera S.; Franklin, Delano R. (November 19, 2019). "Former Winthrop Dean Sullivan Criticizes Admins During Constitutional Law Society Event". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  24. ^ Sullivan, Robert (June 24, 2019). "Why Harvard Was Wrong to Make Me Step Down". The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  25. ^ Rosenberg, John (January 2021). "The Financial Fallout…So Far". Harvard Magazine.
  26. ^ Nair, Meera S.; Wang, Andy Z. (November 3, 2021). "Defying Projections, FAS Ends Fiscal Year with $51M Surplus". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  27. ^ "Past Vice Presidents". MPSAnet.org. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  28. ^ Halpert, Madeline (December 15, 2022). "Claudine Gay: Harvard University picks first Black president". BBC News. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  29. ^ "Harvard names Claudine Gay as first ever Black president". United Press International. December 16, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  30. ^ Herszenhorn, Miles J.; Yuan, Claire (July 4, 2023). "With End of Affirmative Action, Claudine Gay Faces Unprecedented Challenges to Start Harvard Presidency". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  31. ^ "Homepage". Harvard University President. 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  32. ^ Belkin, Douglas; Ellis, Lindsay (2023-10-11). "Blaming Israel for Hamas Attacks Sparks Backlash Across U.S., Exposing Deep Rifts". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  33. ^ Hartocollis, Anemona; Saul, Stephanie; Patel, Vimal (2023-10-10). "At Harvard, a Battle Over What Should Be Said About the Hamas Attacks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  34. ^ Haslett, Cheyenne; Hensley, Sarah Beth (December 5, 2023). "Presidents of universities grilled on efforts to counter antisemitism on campus". ABC News. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  35. ^ Kim, Juliana; Chappell, Bill; Nadworny, Elissa (2023-12-12). "Harvard affirms President Claudine Gay will not step down over antisemitism testimony". NPR. Archived from the original on 2023-12-12. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  36. ^ "How Bill Ackman's Campaign to Oust Harvard's President Failed". Intelligencer. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  37. ^ "Harvard president apologizes for remarks on curbing antisemitism as pressure mounts on Penn's president". PBS NewsHour. 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  38. ^ Herszenhorn, Miles J.; Yuan, Claire. "'I Am Sorry': Harvard President Gay Addresses Backlash Over Congressional Testimony on Antisemitism". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  39. ^ Guilfoil, Kyla (December 6, 2023). "White House condemns university presidents after contentious congressional hearing on antisemitism". NBC News. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  40. ^ Borter, Gabriella (December 7, 2023). "US House committee opens probe into Harvard, Penn, MIT after antisemitism hearing". Reuters. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  41. ^ Arkin, Daniel (2023-12-11). "Hundreds of Harvard faculty members urge university not to oust embattled president". NBC News. Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  42. ^ Habeshian, Sareen (2023-12-11). "Claudine Gay gets show of support from Harvard Alumni Association, faculty". Axios. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  43. ^ a b Natanson, Hannah; Svrluga, Susan (2023-12-12). "Harvard president to remain after anger over testimony on antisemitism". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2023-12-12. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  44. ^ Diver, Tony (2023-12-11). "Harvard University president Claudine Gay accused of plagiarism amid anti-Semitism row". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  45. ^ a b Burns, Hilary; Damiano, Mike (2023-12-11). "Key Harvard oversight board offers silence as controversy engulfs Harvard president Claudine Gay". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2023-12-12. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  46. ^ Sibarium, Aaron (2023-12-11). "'This is Definitely Plagiarism': Harvard University President Claudine Gay Copied Entire Paragraphs From Others' Academic Work and Claimed Them as Her Own". The Washington Free Beacon. Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
  47. ^ "Harvard President Claudine Gay Submits Corrections to Two Articles Amid Allegations of Plagiarism | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
  48. ^ "Statement from the Harvard Corporation: Our President". Harvard University. 2023-12-12. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
  49. ^ Souza, Sabrina; Egan, Matt (December 15, 2023). "Harvard President Claudine Gay corrects two scholarly articles following allegations of plagiarism". CNN. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  50. ^ Vaidyanathan, Vaishnavi (2023-10-12). "Who Is Christopher Afendulis, Harvard President Claudine Gay's Husband?". TimesNow. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
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