Jump to content

Autistic burnout: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m v2.05b - WPcleaner - Fix errors for CW project (Template contains useless word template:)
Tried to remove as many primary sources as possible. Reorganized article into →‎Definition: defining features, differential, comorbidities; →‎Research: origin of term, role of self advocacy mvmt, refs to ongoing study protocols
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|State of exhaustion experienced by autistic people}}
{{Short description|State of exhaustion and skill loss experienced by autistic people}}
{{More medical citations needed|date=July 2023|reason= except for one book, all sources are primary or advocacy sources, see [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Medicine&oldid=1167529098#Autistic_burnout discussion] }}
<!-- {{More medical citations needed|date=July 2023|reason= except for one book, all sources are primary or advocacy sources, see [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Medicine&oldid=1167529098#Autistic_burnout discussion]}} Hopefully I have addressed the specific MEDRS issues regarding primary/advocacy sources. I left the general MEDREF template below -->

{{MEDREF|date=August 2023}}
{{MEDREF|date=August 2023}}


'''Autistic burnout''' is a state of intense mental, emotional, or physical [[Fatigue|exhaustion]] experienced by some [[autistic]] people.{{MEDCN|date=August 2023}}<ref name="Deweerdt2020"/><ref name="Arnold2023"/> It is linked with a loss of [[skill]]s and [[Executive functions|function]] as well as increased [[Sensory processing sensitivity|sensitivity to stimuli]].<ref name="Raymaker2020"/><ref name="Higgins2021"/> [[Social withdrawal]] has been described both as a characteristic of and a response to autistic burnout.<ref name="Higgins2021" /><ref name="Arnold20232"/><ref name="Mantzalas2022"/> Autistic burnout is caused by [[Autistic masking|masking or camouflaging]] or, more generally, the [[Stress (biology)|stress]] resulting from living in a [[neurotypical]] environment that does not sufficiently [[Autism-friendly|accommodate needs]] of autistic people.{{MEDCN|date=August 2023}}<ref name="Arnold2023" /><ref name="Arnold20232" />
'''Autistic burnout''' is a prolonged state of intense [[fatigue]], decreased [[executive function|executive functioning]] or [[life skills]], and increased [[sensory processing sensitivity]] experienced by [[autism spectrum|autistic]] people. Autistic burnout is thought to be caused by [[Stress (biology)|stress]] arising from [[Autistic masking|masking]] or living in a [[neurotypical]] environment that does not [[Autism-friendly|accommodate needs]] of autistic people.


== Research ==
== Definition ==
Autistic burnout is defined as a syndrome of exhaustion, skill loss/regression, and sensory hypersensitivity or intensification of other autistic features that endures for at least 3 months.<ref name="Raymaker2020"/> Autistic individuals commonly describe autistic burnout to be caused by prolonged overexertion of one's abilities to cope with life stressors, including lack of [[Autism-friendly|accommodations]] for one's support needs, which tax an autistic person's mental, emotional, physical, and/or social resources.<ref name="Deweerdt2020"/><ref name="Winegarner2021"/> [[Autistic masking]] has also been proposed as a cause of autistic burnout.<ref name="pmid36601266"/> Autistic burnout may be chronic and/or recurrent. Extended periods of autistic burnout can significantly impair an individual's ability to maintain employment, schooling, independent living, and general [[quality of life]]. It may also contribute to increased prevalence of comorbid [[Major depressive disorder|depression]], [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety]], and [[Suicide#Definitions|suicidality]] among autistic people.<ref name="Raymaker2020"/><ref name="pmid33593423"/>
Initially discussed informally within the [[autistic community]], especially on [[blog]]s and [[social media]],<ref name="Mantzalas2022b"/> autistic burnout has been the subject of research since the late 2010s,<ref name="Deweerdt2020" /><ref name="Arnold20232" /> as an example of the growing influence of [[Autism rights movement|autistic self-advocacy]] on academic autism research.<ref name="Deweerdt2020" /><ref name="Raymaker2020" />


Autistic burnout shares some features with [[occupational burnout]] and clinical depression such as [[fatigue]] and limited functioning in work or social contexts.<ref name="Winegarner2021"/> However, autistic burnout can occur independently of employment and is distinct from occupational burnout occurring in an autistic employee,<ref name="pmid37359683"/> which is also common.<ref name="Bury2022"/>{{Rp|page=245}} Depressive symptoms such as [[anhedonia]] or [[Sleep disorder#Major depressive disorder (MDD)|sleep disturbances]] are observed less frequently in autistic burnout.<ref name="Raymaker2020"/>
As of 2023, research suggests that autistic burnout may differ from [[clinical depression]] and [[occupational burnout]] in both [[etiology]] and [[Presentation (medical)|presentation]].<ref name="Arnold2023" /><ref name="Raymaker2020" /><ref name="Tomczak2023"/> In contrast to depression, [[anhedonia]] and [[sleep problems]] are not typically reported as symptoms of autistic burnout.<ref name="Raymaker2020" /> In contrast to occupational burnout, autistic burnout does not necessarily have to relate to employment<ref name="Higgins2021" /> and goes along with increased sensory sensitivity.<ref name="Sedgewick2022" />{{Rp|page=186}} Autistic burnout further differs from occupational burnout in that the latter is widely recognized and thus more readily validated by others, making it easier to receive the support needed for recovery.<ref name="Sedgewick2022"/>{{Rp|page=186}}


== Management ==
== Research ==
The term "autistic burnout" is believed to have emerged by the late 2000s among autistic communities such as [[Wrong Planet]] and has continued to grow among social media users of the #ActuallyAutistic or #AutisticBurnout [[hashtag]]s on platforms such as [[Twitter]].<ref name="Mantzalas2022b"/> Throughout the 2010s, autistic burnout gained traction among autism researchers as a [[Construct (psychology)|construct]] with [[ecological validity]]<ref name="pmid34505231"/> alongside concepts like [[neurodiversity]] proposed by the [[autism rights movement]].<ref name="pmid37359683"/> It is often discussed in conjunction with [[autistic masking]]/[[Masking (personality)|camouflage]], [[Compensation (psychology)|compensation]], or "[[Passing (sociology)|passing]]."<ref name="pmid34505231"/> The phenomenonology of autistic burnout may be related to that of [[autistic meltdown]]s.<ref name="Deweerdt2020"/> Ongoing research is largely [[Qualitative research|qualitative]] in nature.<ref name="pmid36506426"/><ref name="pmid37205659"/>
Autistic burnout can last from months to years.<ref name="Deweerdt2020" /><ref name="Arnold2023" /> To recover from burnout, it is generally recommended that autistic people withdraw themselves from the situations that triggered it,<ref name="Deweerdt2020" /><ref name="Higgins2021" /> which can be difficult if stressors are related to the workplace.<ref name="Sedgewick2022" />{{Rp|page=187}} Further, spending time with special interests, [[stimming]], and "unmasking" have been reported as helpful.<ref name="Higgins2021" /><ref name="Sedgewick2022" />{{Rp|page=187}}<ref>{{MEDCN|date=August 2023}} {{Cite web |last=Raymaker |first=Dora |date=2022-03-01 |title=Understanding autistic burnout |url=https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/professional-practice/autistic-burnout |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.autism.org.uk |publisher=[[National Autistic Society]] |language=en}}</ref>


== See also ==
Early recognition of autistic burnout can help with management, as it generally occurs when demands build up over time. However, this is complicated by the fact that many autistic people can also experience [[alexithymia]] and impaired [[interoception]].<ref name="Mantzalas2022"/>
* [[Autistic masking]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist |refs=
{{reflist |refs=
<ref name="Deweerdt2020">{{Cite journal |last=Deweerdt |first=Sarah |date=2020-03-30 |title=Autistic burnout, explained |url=https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/autistic-burnout-explained/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |journal=Spectrum |publisher=[[Simons Foundation]] |language=en-US |doi=10.53053/bpzp2355|s2cid=251634477 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="Winegarner2021">{{Cite news |last=Winegarner |first=Beth |date=2021-09-03 |title='The Battery's Dead': Burnout Looks Different in Autistic Adults |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/03/well/live/autistic-burnout-advice.html |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


<ref name="Arnold2023">{{primary source-inline|date=August 2023}} {{Cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=Samuel RC |last2=Higgins |first2=Julianne M |last3=Weise |first3=Janelle |last4=Desai |first4=Aishani |last5=Pellicano |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Trollor |first6=Julian N |date=2023 |title=Confirming the nature of autistic burnout |journal=[[Autism (journal)|Autism]] |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1906–1918 |language=en |doi=10.1177/13623613221147410 |pmid=36637293|s2cid=255773489 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10163509/2/Pellicano_Accepted%20Version%20-%20Confirming%20the%20Nature%20of%20Autistic%20Burnout.pdf }}</ref>
<ref name="Mantzalas2022b">{{Cite journal |last1=Mantzalas |first1=Jane |last2=Richdale |first2=Amanda L. |last3=Adikari |first3=Achini |last4=Lowe |first4=Jennifer |last5=Dissanayake |first5=Cheryl |author-link5=Cheryl Dissanayake |date=2022 |title=What Is Autistic Burnout? A Thematic Analysis of Posts on Two Online Platforms |journal=[[Autism in Adulthood]] |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=52–65 |doi=10.1089/aut.2021.0021 |pmc=8992925 |pmid=36605565}}</ref>


<ref name="Raymaker2020">{{primary source-inline|date=August 2023}} {{Cite journal |last1=Raymaker |first1=Dora M. |last2=Teo |first2=Alan R. |last3=Steckler |first3=Nicole A. |last4=Lentz |first4=Brandy |last5=Scharer |first5=Mirah |last6=Delos Santos |first6=Austin |last7=Kapp |first7=Steven K. |last8=Hunter |first8=Morrigan |last9=Joyce |first9=Andee |last10=Nicolaidis |first10=Christina |date=2020 |title="Having All of Your Internal Resources Exhausted Beyond Measure and Being Left with No Clean-Up Crew": Defining Autistic Burnout |journal=[[Autism in Adulthood]] |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=132–143 |doi=10.1089/aut.2019.0079 |pmc=7313636 |pmid=32851204}}</ref>
<ref name="Raymaker2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Raymaker |first1=Dora M. |last2=Teo |first2=Alan R. |last3=Steckler |first3=Nicole A. |last4=Lentz |first4=Brandy |last5=Scharer |first5=Mirah |last6=Delos Santos |first6=Austin |last7=Kapp |first7=Steven K. |last8=Hunter |first8=Morrigan |last9=Joyce |first9=Andee |last10=Nicolaidis |first10=Christina |date=2020 |title="Having All of Your Internal Resources Exhausted Beyond Measure and Being Left with No Clean-Up Crew": Defining Autistic Burnout |journal=[[Autism in Adulthood]] |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=132–143 |doi=10.1089/aut.2019.0079 |pmc=7313636 |pmid=32851204}}</ref>


⚫
<ref name="pmid37359683">{{cite journal|author=Tomczak MT, Kulikowski K |title=Toward an understanding of occupational burnout among employees with autism - the Job Demands-Resources theory perspective. |journal=Curr Psychol |year= 2023 |volume= |issue= |pages= 1-13 |pmid=37359683 |doi=10.1007/s12144-023-04428-0 |doi-access=free |pmc=9958323}}</ref>
<ref name="Higgins2021">{{primary source-inline|date=August 2023}} {{Cite journal |last1=Higgins |first1=Julianne M |last2=Arnold |first2=Samuel RC |last3=Weise |first3=Janelle |last4=Pellicano |first4=Elizabeth |last5=Trollor |first5=Julian N |date=2021 |title=Defining autistic burnout through experts by lived experience: Grounded Delphi method investigating #AutisticBurnout |journal=[[Autism (journal)|Autism]] |language=en |volume=25 |issue=8 |pages=2356–2369 |doi=10.1177/13623613211019858 |pmid=34088219|s2cid=235346830 }}</ref>


<ref name="Bury2022">{{cite book |author=Bury SM, Spoor JR, Hayward SM, Hedley D |chapter=Supporting the mental health and well-being of autistic and other neurodivergent employees in the work environment |editor=Bruyere SM, Colella A |title=Neurodiversity in the workplace: Interests, issues, and opportunities |publisher=Routledge |date=2022-06-30 |pages=241–266 |isbn=9781003023616 |doi=10.4324/9781003023616 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Arnold20232">{{primary source-inline|date=August 2023}} {{Cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=Samuel RC |last2=Higgins |first2=Julianne M |last3=Weise |first3=Janelle |last4=Desai |first4=Aishani |last5=Pellicano |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Trollor |first6=Julian N |date=2023 |title=Towards the measurement of autistic burnout |journal=[[Autism (journal)|Autism]] |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1933–1948 |language=en |doi=10.1177/13623613221147401 |pmid=36637292|s2cid=255774785 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10163508/ }}</ref>


<ref name="Mantzalas2022">{{primary source-inline|date=August 2023}}{{Cite journal |last1=Mantzalas |first1=Jane |last2=Richdale |first2=Amanda L. |last3=Dissanayake |first3=Cheryl |date=2022 |title=A conceptual model of risk and protective factors for autistic burnout |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aur.2722 |journal=[[Autism Research]] |language=en |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=976–987 |doi=10.1002/aur.2722|pmid=35416430 |s2cid=248128834 }}</ref>
<ref name="pmid34505231">{{cite journal |author=Libsack EJ, Keenan EG, Freden CE, Mirmina J, Iskhakov N, Krishnathasan D |display-authors=etal |title=A Systematic Review of Passing as Non-autistic in Autism Spectrum Disorder |journal=Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev |year=2021 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=783-812 |pmid=34505231 |doi=10.1007/s10567-021-00365-1 |doi-access=free |pmc=10613328}}</ref>


<ref name="Deweerdt2020">{{Cite journal |last=Deweerdt |first=Sarah |date=2020-03-30 |title=Autistic burnout, explained |url=https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/autistic-burnout-explained/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |journal=Spectrum |publisher=[[Simons Foundation]] |language=en-US |doi=10.53053/bpzp2355 |s2cid=251634477 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="Mantzalas2022b">{{Cite journal |last1=Mantzalas |first1=Jane |last2=Richdale |first2=Amanda L. |last3=Adikari |first3=Achini |last4=Lowe |first4=Jennifer |last5=Dissanayake |first5=Cheryl |author-link5=Cheryl Dissanayake |date=2022 |title=What Is Autistic Burnout? A Thematic Analysis of Posts on Two Online Platforms |journal=[[Autism in Adulthood]] |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=52–65 |doi=10.1089/aut.2021.0021 |pmc=8992925 |pmid=36605565}}</ref>


<ref name="pmid36601266">{{cite journal|author=Pearson A, Rose K |title=A Conceptual Analysis of Autistic Masking: Understanding the Narrative of Stigma and the Illusion of Choice. |journal=Autism Adulthood |year= 2021 |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 52-60 |pmid=36601266 |doi=10.1089/aut.2020.0043 |pmc=8992880}} </ref>
⚫
<ref name="Tomczak2023">{{primary source-inline|date=August 2023}} {{Cite journal |last1=Tomczak |first1=Michał T. |last2=Kulikowski |first2=Konrad |date=2023 |title=Toward an understanding of occupational burnout among employees with autism – the Job Demands-Resources theory perspective |journal=Current Psychology |pages=1–13 |language= |doi=10.1007/s12144-023-04428-0 |pmc=9958323 |pmid=37359683 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


<ref name="pmid33593423">{{cite journal|author=Hull L, Levy L, Lai MC, Petrides KV, Baron-Cohen S, Allison C |display-authors=etal |title=Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? |journal=Mol Autism |year= 2021 |volume= 12 |issue= 1 |pages= 13 |pmid=33593423 |doi=10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Sedgewick2022">{{Cite book |last1=Sedgewick |first1=Felicity |title=Autism and Masking: How and Why People Do It, and the Impact It Can Have |last2=Hull |first2=Laura |last3=Ellis |first3=Helen |date=2022 |publisher=[[Jessica Kingsley Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-78775-580-2 |location=London |oclc=1287133295}}</ref>


<ref name="pmid36506426">{{cite journal|author=Øverland E, Hauge ÅL, Orm S, Pellicano E, Øie MG, Skogli EW |display-authors=etal |title=Exploring life with autism: Quality of Life, daily functioning and compensatory strategies from childhood to emerging adulthood: A qualitative study protocol. |journal=Front Psychiatry |year= 2022 |volume= 13 |issue= |pages= 1058601 |pmid=36506426 |doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1058601 |doi-access=free |pmc=9732257}}</ref>


<ref name="pmid37205659">{{cite journal| author=Mantzalas J, Richdale AL, Dissanayake C| title=Examining subjective understandings of autistic burnout using Q methodology: A study protocol. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2023 | volume= 18 | issue= 5 | pages= e0285578 | pmid=37205659 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0285578 | pmc=10198508}}</ref>
}}
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite news |last=Winegarner |first=Beth |date=2021-09-03 |title='The Battery's Dead': Burnout Looks Different in Autistic Adults |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/03/well/live/autistic-burnout-advice.html |issn=0362-4331}}

* Fergus Murray (2019): [https://thinkingautismguide.com/2019/08/autistic-burnout-interview-with.html Autistic Burnout: An interview with researcher Dora Raymaker] ''Thinking Person's Guide to Autism.''


{{Autism spectrum}}
{{Autism spectrum}}

Revision as of 20:30, 16 January 2024

Autistic burnout is a prolonged state of intense fatigue, decreased executive functioning or life skills, and increased sensory processing sensitivity experienced by autistic people. Autistic burnout is thought to be caused by stress arising from masking or living in a neurotypical environment that does not accommodate needs of autistic people.

Definition

Autistic burnout is defined as a syndrome of exhaustion, skill loss/regression, and sensory hypersensitivity or intensification of other autistic features that endures for at least 3 months.[1] Autistic individuals commonly describe autistic burnout to be caused by prolonged overexertion of one's abilities to cope with life stressors, including lack of accommodations for one's support needs, which tax an autistic person's mental, emotional, physical, and/or social resources.[2][3] Autistic masking has also been proposed as a cause of autistic burnout.[4] Autistic burnout may be chronic and/or recurrent. Extended periods of autistic burnout can significantly impair an individual's ability to maintain employment, schooling, independent living, and general quality of life. It may also contribute to increased prevalence of comorbid depression, anxiety, and suicidality among autistic people.[1][5]

Autistic burnout shares some features with occupational burnout and clinical depression such as fatigue and limited functioning in work or social contexts.[3] However, autistic burnout can occur independently of employment and is distinct from occupational burnout occurring in an autistic employee,[6] which is also common.[7]: 245  Depressive symptoms such as anhedonia or sleep disturbances are observed less frequently in autistic burnout.[1]

Research

The term "autistic burnout" is believed to have emerged by the late 2000s among autistic communities such as Wrong Planet and has continued to grow among social media users of the #ActuallyAutistic or #AutisticBurnout hashtags on platforms such as Twitter.[8] Throughout the 2010s, autistic burnout gained traction among autism researchers as a construct with ecological validity[9] alongside concepts like neurodiversity proposed by the autism rights movement.[6] It is often discussed in conjunction with autistic masking/camouflage, compensation, or "passing."[9] The phenomenonology of autistic burnout may be related to that of autistic meltdowns.[2] Ongoing research is largely qualitative in nature.[10][11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Raymaker, Dora M.; Teo, Alan R.; Steckler, Nicole A.; Lentz, Brandy; Scharer, Mirah; Delos Santos, Austin; Kapp, Steven K.; Hunter, Morrigan; Joyce, Andee; Nicolaidis, Christina (2020). ""Having All of Your Internal Resources Exhausted Beyond Measure and Being Left with No Clean-Up Crew": Defining Autistic Burnout". Autism in Adulthood. 2 (2): 132–143. doi:10.1089/aut.2019.0079. PMC 7313636. PMID 32851204.
  2. ^ a b Deweerdt, Sarah (2020-03-30). "Autistic burnout, explained". Spectrum. Simons Foundation. doi:10.53053/bpzp2355. S2CID 251634477. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  3. ^ a b Winegarner, Beth (2021-09-03). "'The Battery's Dead': Burnout Looks Different in Autistic Adults". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  4. ^ Pearson A, Rose K (2021). "A Conceptual Analysis of Autistic Masking: Understanding the Narrative of Stigma and the Illusion of Choice". Autism Adulthood. 3 (1): 52–60. doi:10.1089/aut.2020.0043. PMC 8992880. PMID 36601266.
  5. ^ Hull L, Levy L, Lai MC, Petrides KV, Baron-Cohen S, Allison C; et al. (2021). "Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults?". Mol Autism. 12 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1. PMID 33593423.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ a b Tomczak MT, Kulikowski K (2023). "Toward an understanding of occupational burnout among employees with autism - the Job Demands-Resources theory perspective". Curr Psychol: 1–13. doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04428-0. PMC 9958323. PMID 37359683.
  7. ^ Bury SM, Spoor JR, Hayward SM, Hedley D (2022-06-30). "Supporting the mental health and well-being of autistic and other neurodivergent employees in the work environment". In Bruyere SM, Colella A (ed.). Neurodiversity in the workplace: Interests, issues, and opportunities. Routledge. pp. 241–266. doi:10.4324/9781003023616. ISBN 9781003023616.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Mantzalas, Jane; Richdale, Amanda L.; Adikari, Achini; Lowe, Jennifer; Dissanayake, Cheryl (2022). "What Is Autistic Burnout? A Thematic Analysis of Posts on Two Online Platforms". Autism in Adulthood. 4 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1089/aut.2021.0021. PMC 8992925. PMID 36605565.
  9. ^ a b Libsack EJ, Keenan EG, Freden CE, Mirmina J, Iskhakov N, Krishnathasan D; et al. (2021). "A Systematic Review of Passing as Non-autistic in Autism Spectrum Disorder". Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 24 (4): 783–812. doi:10.1007/s10567-021-00365-1. PMC 10613328. PMID 34505231.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Øverland E, Hauge ÅL, Orm S, Pellicano E, Øie MG, Skogli EW; et al. (2022). "Exploring life with autism: Quality of Life, daily functioning and compensatory strategies from childhood to emerging adulthood: A qualitative study protocol". Front Psychiatry. 13: 1058601. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1058601. PMC 9732257. PMID 36506426.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Mantzalas J, Richdale AL, Dissanayake C (2023). "Examining subjective understandings of autistic burnout using Q methodology: A study protocol". PLoS One. 18 (5): e0285578. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285578. PMC 10198508. PMID 37205659.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autistic_burnout&oldid=1196211178"