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{{About|violence against journalists during the Israel–Hamas war|a list of journalists killed|List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war}}
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{{see also| List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war }}


As of 30 January 2024, at least 85 journalists (78 Palestinian, 4 Israeli and 3 Lebanese)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yee |first1=Vivian |title=Two More Journalists Killed in Gaza, Including Son of Al Jazeera Reporter |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/07/world/middleeast/journalists-gaza-al-jazeera-reporter-son.html |agency=The New York Times |date=7 Jan 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gaza war 'most dangerous ever' for journalists, says rights group |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-most-dangerous-ever-journalists-says-rights-group-2023-12-21/ |work=Reuters |date=21 Dec 2023}}</ref><ref name="cpj1">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Kathy |date=October 30, 2023 |title=Journalist casualties in the Israel-Gaza conflict |url=https://cpj.org/2023/10/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210192105/https://cpj.org/2023/12/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/ |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2023}}</ref> have been killed during the [[Israel–Hamas war]], alongside other [[Safety_of_journalists#Violence_against_journalists|violence against journalists]], making it the deadliest period for journalists in the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] since 1992 and the deadliest start of a war in the 21st century for journalists. By 6 December 2023, it was believed to be the deadliest war for journalists in decades.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why is the Israel-Hamas conflict so deadly for journalists? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/audio/2023/dec/04/why-is-the-israel-hamas-conflict-so-deadly-for-journalists-podcast |website=The Guardian |date=4 December 2023 |access-date=6 December 2023 |last1=Iqbal |first1=Nosheen |last2=Balousha |first2=Hazem |last3=Abrahams |first3=Ruth |last4=Yusuf |first4=Courtney |last5=Khaleeli |first5=Homa }}</ref>
As of January 30, 2024, the Israel–Hamas conflict has claimed the lives of at least 85 journalists, with 78 Palestinian, 4 Israeli, and 3 Lebanese casualties.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yee |first1=Vivian |title=Two More Journalists Killed in Gaza, Including Son of Al Jazeera Reporter |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/07/world/middleeast/journalists-gaza-al-jazeera-reporter-son.html |agency=The New York Times |date=7 Jan 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gaza war 'most dangerous ever' for journalists, says rights group |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-most-dangerous-ever-journalists-says-rights-group-2023-12-21/ |work=Reuters |date=21 Dec 2023}}</ref><ref name="cpj1">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Kathy |date=October 30, 2023 |title=Journalist casualties in the Israel-Gaza conflict |url=https://cpj.org/2023/10/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210192105/https://cpj.org/2023/12/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/ |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2023}}</ref> This toll, along with other acts of violence targeting journalists, marks the deadliest period for journalists in the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] since 1992 and the deadliest commencement of a war for journalists in the 21st century.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why is the Israel-Hamas conflict so deadly for journalists? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/audio/2023/dec/04/why-is-the-israel-hamas-conflict-so-deadly-for-journalists-podcast |website=The Guardian |date=4 December 2023 |access-date=6 December 2023 |last1=Iqbal |first1=Nosheen |last2=Balousha |first2=Hazem |last3=Abrahams |first3=Ruth |last4=Yusuf |first4=Courtney |last5=Khaleeli |first5=Homa }}</ref> On 30 January 2024, the head of the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]] stated, "Israel’s war on Gaza is more deadly to journalists than any previous war".<ref>{{cite web |title=CPJ: The Gaza war is the deadliest for journalists |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/30/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israeli-forces-detain-dozens-in-un-shelter-raid?update=2661459 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chacar |first1=Henriette |title=Gaza war 'most dangerous ever' for journalists, says rights group |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-most-dangerous-ever-journalists-says-rights-group-2023-12-21/#:~:text=%22The%20Israel%2DGaza%20war%20is,has%20in%20any%20single%20year. |website=Reuters |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Israeli airstrikes additionally damaged or destroyed an estimated 48 media facilities in Gaza. [[Reporters Without Borders]] has accused the Israeli army of intentionally targeting Palestinian and Lebanese journalists.<ref name="RSF"/>

An estimated 48 media facilities in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed by Israeli airstrikes.

[[Reporters Without Borders]] claimed that the Israeli army had deliberately targeted Palestinian and Lebanese journalists.<ref name="RSF"/>


==Casualties==
==Casualties==

Revision as of 06:26, 31 January 2024

This article is about violence against journalists during the Israel–Hamas war. For a list of journalists killed, see List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war.

As of January 30, 2024, the Israel–Hamas conflict has claimed the lives of at least 85 journalists, with 78 Palestinian, 4 Israeli, and 3 Lebanese casualties.[1][2][3] This toll, along with other acts of violence targeting journalists, marks the deadliest period for journalists in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict since 1992 and the deadliest commencement of a war for journalists in the 21st century.[4] On 30 January 2024, the head of the Committee to Protect Journalists stated, "Israel’s war on Gaza is more deadly to journalists than any previous war".[5][6] Israeli airstrikes additionally damaged or destroyed an estimated 48 media facilities in Gaza. Reporters Without Borders has accused the Israeli army of intentionally targeting Palestinian and Lebanese journalists.[7]

Casualties

See also: List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war and Casualties of the Israel–Hamas war

As of 22 June 2024, over 38,000 people (37,396 Palestinian[8] and 1,478 Israeli[20] have been reported as killed in the Israel–Hamas war, including 108 journalists (103 Palestinian, 2 Israeli and 3 Lebanese)[21] and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, including 179 employees of UNRWA.[22]

The vast majority of casualties have been in the Gaza Strip. The death toll reported by the UN OCHA comes from the Gaza Health Ministry.[23] The breakdown of the figures in the UN OCHA report only includes casualties whose identities have been confirmed, while the overall figure is the number of reported deaths.[24] Over 24,000 of the dead have been fully identified by the Gaza Health Ministry;[25] of these, 52% are women and minors, 40% are men, and 8% are elderly of both sexes.[26] Some have speculated that the total death toll in Gaza might be higher than reported, with roughly 10,000 Gazans believed still buried under the rubble.[27][28][29][30] The number of deaths do not include those who have died from "preventable disease, malnutrition and other consequences of the war".[26]

The October 7 attacks on Israel killed 1,139 people, including 764 civilians and 373 Israeli security personnel. A further 251 persons were taken hostage during the initial attack on Israel to the Gaza Strip.[9][31][32] A further 479 Palestinians, including 116 children, and 9 Israelis have been killed in the West Bank (including East Jerusalem).[8] Casualties have also occurred in other parts of Israel, as well as in southern Lebanon, and Syria.[33] The Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association has condemned the spate of deaths and restated that: "Targeting journalists is a stark violation of press freedom and international human rights law".[34]

Killing of journalists by Israeli forces

See also: Attacks on journalists during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)

On 7 October, Israeli police damaged equipment of a television crew reporting in Ashkelon.[35] On the same day, a journalist named Omar Abu Shawish was killed in Gaza.[36]

Journalists Mohammed El Salhi, Ibrahim Mohamed Lafi, Mohamed Jarghoun, Ibrahim Qanan, Nidal Al Wahidi, and Haitham Abdelwahid also faced various forms of violence or went missing.[37][38][39]

On 10 October 2023, the Hajji Tower airstrike destroyed an apartment block housing journalists' offices, killing at least three journalists along with civilians.[40][41][42][43] Salam Khalil, the head of the Gaza Journalists Syndicate's Committee of Women Journalists, was buried under the rubble of her home together with her family in an Israeli strike on the same day and presumed dead. She was subsequently found to be alive with her children.[44][45]

On October 12, Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah was killed and six others were wounded by IDF artillery in southern Lebanon.[46]

On 17 November, the Turkish news channel TRT World released footage showing the Israeli police attacking their news crew, leading the Turkish minister of communications Fahrettin Altun to say, “This ugly attack has added a new embarrassment to Israel’s record on press freedom."[47] On 19 November, six media professionals were killed by Israeli forces in just 24 hours.[48] On 3 December, the Committee to Protect Journalists stated 54 Palestinian journalists had been killed in the war thus far.[49] On 14 December, the United Nations released a statement that said, "Gaza has seemingly become the deadliest place for journalists – and their families – in the world."[50]

Killing of journalists' families

On 4 December, nine family members of CNN producer Ibrahim Dahman were killed in an Israeli airstrike in northern Gaza.[51] On 11 December, an airstrike on the home of journalist Anas al-Sharif resulted in the death of his father.[52] On 8 January 2024, the mother of Al Arabiya journalist Ahmad al-Batta, and the wife and children of journalist Sameer Radi, were killed in airstrikes.[53]

Killing of Wael Dahdouh's family

Several members of the family of Al Jazeera Arabic's Gaza bureau chief Wael Dahdouh were killed in an Israeli airstrike on 25 October in the Nuseirat refugee camp, south of Wadi Gaza, where they had been sheltering after following the Israeli order for Palestinian civilians to move south from northern Gaza.[54] Al Jazeera condemned the killings, calling it an "indiscriminate attack".[55] Dahdouh, speaking to Al Jazeera, said "There is no safe place in Gaza at all".[56] The Israeli army confirmed it had conducted an airstrike in the area near where Dahdouh's family had been sheltering, saying they were targeting "Hamas terrorist infrastructure".[57] Dahdouh himself was later injured in an Israeli missile strike in Khan Younis while covering the Haifa School airstrike.[58][59][60]

Dahdouh's son Hamza al-Dahdouh, also a journalist, was killed together with a colleague by an Israeli airstrike on their vehicle in Khan Younis on 7 January 2024.[61] Reporters Without Borders stated it appeared a single rocket had fallen on Dahdouh's car.[62] In response to Israel's comments calling Hamza al-Dahdouh a "suspect", Al Jazeera journalist Hamdah Salhut wrote that what Israel was "saying and what happened on the ground is not adding up."[63] In a statement, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated he was "deeply sorry" for the "unimaginable loss".[64] Wael Dahdouh stated, "Hamza was not part of me. He was all of me."[65]

Claims of IDF targeting of journalists

See also: Israeli war crimes

During the conflict, Reporters Without Borders claimed that the Israeli army had deliberately targeted journalists.[7][66][67] A Reporters Without Borders (RSF) investigation said that Israel had targeted journalists in missile strikes on 13 October that killed Reuters reporter Issam Abdallah and injured four others. These two Israeli missile strikes, 30 seconds apart, hit a group of seven journalists in southern Lebanon who were reporting on the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. In a video, the journalists are seen wearing vests and helmets identifying them as "PRESS". The marking was also present on the roof of their car, which exploded after being hit by the second missile.[68]

According to the Council of Europe, the intentional targeting of journalists constitutes a war crime.[69] The killing of journalists by Israeli forces in Gaza had been a recurring issue, with previous incidents in 2018 and 2021.[70][71] Earlier in 2023, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) released a report stating that 20 journalists had been killed by Israeli military fire since 2001, for which "to date, no one has been held accountable".[34]

Hajji Tower airstrike

Hajji Tower airstrike
Part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
TypeAirstrike
Location
Gaza strip
DateOctober 10, 2023; 8 months ago (2023-10-10)
Executed by Israel Defense Forces
Casualties3+[72][73] killed
Dozens[73] injured

On 10 October 2023, amid the Israel–Hamas war, Israeli aircraft bombed a residential building called Hajji Tower in the Gaza Strip. According to the Hamas-run Gaza media office, three journalists covering the evacuation of a nearby building were killed, and an unknown number of people were injured. Journalists were present after a resident in a nearby building had reported receiving a phone call from the Israeli military warning of an imminent strike, and the building was being evacuated. The strike hit another building closer to the journalists.[72][74] Hisham al-Nawajha sustained severe injuries and later died at Al-Shifa Medical Complex.[75]

Killing of journalists by Palestinian forces

Four Israeli journalists and photographers were killed on the 7 October amid the Hamas attack on Israel, including Yaniv Zohar, a photographer for Israel Hayom, who was killed along with his wife and two daughters in Nahal Oz massacre;[76] Roy Edan, a photographer for Ynet, who was killed in the Kfar Aza massacre;[77] and two editors who were killed in the Re'im music festival massacre: Shai Regev, an entertainment news editor for Ma'ariv,[78] and Ayelet Arnin, an editor for KAN.[79]

Israeli photojournalists driving in a convoy towards Re'im were attacked by Hamas militants, as they were documenting the scene of one of the massacres.[80] The journalists were rescued by IDF reservists after a firefight that lasted roughly half an hour.[80]

Other violence against journalists

Alongside those killed, missing or detained, the Committee to Protect Journalists has received numerous reports of damage done to journalists' offices and homes, and estimates that "48 media facilities in Gaza have been hit or destroyed".[34]

In Gaza, Mohammed Balousha, a journalist who broke the story of premature babies dead at the Nasr pediatric hospital, was shot and injured by the IDF.[81] Hossam Shabat stated the IDF had threatened to bomb his house unless he left Beit Hanoun, which they did after he refused to leave.[82] On 29 December, two Al Jazeera reporters in the West Bank were attacked and beaten by Israeli soldiers.[83] The Canadian government announced that a Canadian citizen journalist was reported missing and feared detained or killed while evacuating from Khan Younis to Rafah.[84]

In Israel, a right-wing mob stormed the home of Israeli journalist Israel Frey and forced him into hiding after he dedicated a prayer to the victims of the war in Gaza, threatening his family.[34][85]

International response and investigation

Lucciano Zaccara, a professor at Qatar University, stated "I don’t think there is another situation like this in any other conflict zone".[86] The Jordanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs called on the international community to end Israeli abuses against journalists.[87] Jeremy Scahill stated Israel was "systematically killing the Palestinian journalists".[88] Hadja Lahbib, the Belgian foreign minister, stated journalists in Gaza needed to be protected.[89]

Lebanon

Lebanon denounced the killing of Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah, who was killed during an Israeli artillery strike aimed at a group of reporters. Following Abdallah's death, the Lebanese army conducted an on-site assessment, affirming that Israel had launched the missile that killed him.[90][91] Lebanon's Foreign Ministry has instructed its mission to the UN in Beirut to express deep concerns regarding what they perceive as a clear infringement on freedom of opinion and press. Additionally, Lebanon is preparing to file a formal complaint with the UN Security Council, accusing Israel of intentionally causing Abdallah's death.[92][93]

Israel

The Israeli military said it using tank and artillery fire in the vicinity to deter a potential infiltration from Lebanon at the time Issam Abdallah was killed. They stated that their actions were in response to Hezbollah fire along the Israel-Lebanon border, and the incident is currently being reviewed.[90] The Israeli army also initiated an investigation into the circumstances circumstances surrounding Abdallah's death.[93]

On 9 November, following an article published by HonestReporting, Israeli officials suggested that several freelance Palestinian photographers who had documented the 7 October attack in real time must have known of it in advance.[94][95] Outlets that obtained the photos, including AP, Reuters, CNN and the New York Times, denied embedding their reporters with the attackers or having any prior knowledge of the attack.[95][94][96] One of the freelance photographers, who had previously published a photo of himself being kissed on the cheek by Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar, was subsequently dismissed by CNN and AP.[95] Nevertheless, MK Danny Danon suggested that journalists who "took part in recording the assault" would be "eliminated."[97] Gil Hoffman, executive director of HonestReporting, admitted the group had no evidence to back up its claims, and that they were satisfied with journalists' explanations that they did not know about the attacks beforehand.[98]

International press bodies

The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is actively looking into all cases of journalists affected—whether killed, injured, detained, or missing—due to the conflict.[99] CPJ stated this was the deadliest conflict for journalists in the past 30 years.[100] They have urged Israel to conduct a thorough investigation into the death of Palestinian journalist Mohammad El-Salhi, make the results of the investigation public, and promptly take measures to guarantee the safety of media personnel covering the conflict.[101] The CPJ president stated the killing of journalists in Gaza "appear to have been targeted."[102] Reuters has called on Israel to conduct a comprehensive and transparent investigation into the circumstances surrounding Abdallah's death.[90]

On 1 November, Reporters Without Borders asked the International Criminal Court to begin a priority war crimes investigation into the killing of nine journalists.[103] RSF noted 41 journalists had been killed during the first month of the conflict, stating multiple journalists had been killed by Israel in their homes.[104] Israel maintains records of the place and residence of every person in Gaza.[105] RSF claimed Israel had used targeted strikes to kill journalists in Gaza.[106]

The director of Democracy for the Arab World Now stated international journalists were portrayed by the Israeli government as being biased toward Palestinians, and as a result, soldiers saw journalists as "representative of their enemy" and were thus not punished for killing the media.[107] The International Federation of Journalists stated, "I think this is now a press freedom issue. I think we have to ask ourselves, 'What is the [Israeli military] trying to achieve? Why won’t they let foreign journalists in?'"[108] The CJP stated the conflict was the most dangerous situation for journalists it had ever seen.[109] The CPJ's Middle East director stated, "Israel’s longstanding record of impunity in journalist killings must face public scrutiny".[110]

On 22 December, Reporters Without Borders filed a complaint with the International Criminal Court over the killing of seven more Palestinian journalists, including Samer Abu Daqqa.[111] On 7 January 2024, the CPJ stated the deaths of Hamza Dahdouh and Mustafa Thuraya needed to be investigated and those who killed them held accountable.[112]

On 10 January 2024, Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, the Committee to Protect Journalists, and Reporters Without Borders signed a joint letter to U.S. president Joe Biden, calling on his administration to do more to prevent airstrikes on journalists.[113] On 25 January, the International Press Institute stated the number of journalists killed in Gaza represented "the worst killing we have noted in a conflict zone since our organisation was founded 75 years ago".[114]

Protests and rallies

Numerous Pakistani journalists gathered for a rally in Karachi to condemn what they viewed as intentional attacks on the media in Gaza. They called upon the United Nations to take action to halt Israeli aggression against media outlets. During the rally, they prominently displayed banners and placards featuring images of journalists who had been killed in Israeli airstrikes.[115]

Funerals

Funerals for the journalists who had been killed have taken place in their respective countries. In Lebanon, a large gathering attended Issam Abdallah's funeral in his hometown. His body was adorned with a Lebanese flag and was transported from his family residence to the nearby cemetery in the southern town of Khiam.[92][93][116]

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External links

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