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Justiniano Borgoño Castañeda
Justiniano Borgoño Castañeda
	Borgoño in 1885
29th President of Peru
	In office; 1 April 1894 – 10 August 1894
Preceded by	Remigio Morales Bermúdez
Succeeded by	Andrés Avelino Cáceres
Prime Minister of Peru
	In office; 24 August 1891 – 14 October 1891
Preceded by	Federico Herrera
Succeeded by	Federico Herrera
Personal details
Born	September 5, 1836; Trujillo, Peru
Died	January 27, 1921 (aged 84); Lima, Peru
Political party	Constitutional Party
Spouse	Jesús Salas de la Torre Urraca

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Early life

Borgoño was born on 5 September 1836 in Trujillo, Peru. His father, Pedro Antonio Borgoño y Núñez [es], was born in Petorca, Chile;^[1] he was a veteran of the Peruvian War of Independence and reached the rank of brigadier general in the Peruvian Army.^[2]^[3] His mother, Manuela Castañeda y Madalengoitia, was a native of Trujillo.^[1] He had a sister named Enriqueta Borgoño de Abril.^[4]

Borgoño began his education at the Colegio Seminario San Carlos y San Marcelo [es], a school in Trujillo, in 1847. Five years later, he finished his schooling there and took over the administration of his family's plantation in the Chicama Valley.^[1] He was only sixteen when his father put him in charge of the plantation, which was called "Tulape".^[1]^[5] He would remain at Tulape for four years, where he was described as an uncommonly hard worker.^[6] He was married to Jesús Salas de la Torre Urraca.^[7]

Military career

In 1856, at the age of twenty, Borgoño left Tulape and joined the Peruvian Army as a lieutenant.^[1] He had been inspired by his father's lengthy and accomplished service.^[6] He quickly became involved in combat; that same year, the Peruvian Civil War of 1856–1858 had broken out across the country. Fighting on the side of the previously established government, and against the forces of Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco, Borgoño took part in the capturing of the ports of Islay and Iquique in December 1856 and of the port of Arica in 1858.^[1]^[6] As a result of his service, he was promoted to captain.^[1] After the rebellion was defeated, Borgoño returned to Tulape and leased the property from his parents, where he continued administrating until the outbreak of the War of the Pacific.^[6]

After the War of the Pacific broke out in 1879, Borgoño returned to military service; he organized the Libres de Trujillo battalion less than two weeks after the beginning of the war.^[6] The battalion was assigned to safeguard La Punta to protect Peru from a possible landing by the invading Chilean Army, and then transferred to the Morro Solar in Chorrillos. On 13 January 1881, during the Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos, Borgoño, who had reached the rank of colonel, sustained an injury to his right leg and was taken prisoner.^[1]^[6] Three months later, his release was brokered by Chilean general Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez, who was the friend of some of Borgoño's Chilean relatives. His wounds were attended to by medic Enrique Arias Soto.^[8]

Although Borgoño had promised not to take up arms following his release from captivity, he was appointed General Commander of La Libertad in July 1881, a position he held until the following June.^[1] Under General Miguel Iglesias, Borgoño led a division which fought in San Pablo on 13 July 1882, leading to a Peruvian victory.^[9] Later, Iglesias and Andrés Avelino Cáceres entered conflict due to Iglesias' calls for peace through the cessation of territory to Chile;^[10] despite Borgoño's previous service under Iglesias, he declared loyalty to Cáceres and relocated to Tarma, where he took control of the 2nd Zepita Battalion. In Tarma, he was again injured during the Battle of Huamachuco,^[6] the final major battle of the War of the Pacific.

Political career

After Piérola took office as President, Borgoño decided to leave Peru and relocate to Argentina; there, he once again returned to agriculture. In 1901, he returned to Peru and was appointed as the President of the Council of General Officers, a position he held until his retirement.^[1]

Later life and death

Following his retirement from politics, Borgoño moved to Ancón, Lima.^[11] He resided there until his death on 27 January 1921, at the age of 84.^[1]^[12] He was buried at the San Juan de la Cruz barracks.^[13] A street in Miraflores, Lima, was renamed in his honor; Calle General Borgoño extends eleven blocks and passes around the Huaca Pucllana.^[14] Additionally, a bust depicting him was erected in his hometown of Trujillo in 2013. It was later stolen from its pedestal by thieves.^[15]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Murga Castañeda 2001, p. 80.
^ Barros Arana 2000, p. 113.
^ Bedoya 1918, p. 254.
^ "Notas fúnebres" [Funeral Notes]. Prisma (in Spanish). No. 14–22. M. Moral. 1906. p. 29.
^ Matto de Turner 1902, p. 17.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Coronel Don Justiniano Borgoño". El Perú Ilustrado (in Spanish) (17). P. Bacigalupi: 5. 3 September 1887.
^ Cossío del Pomar 1939, p. 25.
^ Arias-Schreiber Pezet & Zanutelli Rosas, p. 115.
^ El Ejército en la Guerra del Pacífico 1982, pp. 303–304.
^ de la Puente Candamo & de la Puente Brunke, p. 9.
^ Murga Castañeda 2001, p. 81.
^ "1921: General Borgoño". El Comercio. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
^ La Gesta de Lima 1981, p. 230.
^ "Calle General Borgoño". Municipalidad de Miraflores. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
^ "Trujillo: 'Alameda de los Héroes' luce deteriorada y sucia" [Trujillo: "Boulevard of Heroes" appears deteriorated and dirty]. Radio Programas del Perú (in Spanish). 19 April 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2024.

Bibliography

"Coronel Don Justiniano Borgoño". El Perú Ilustrado (17). P. Bacigalupi. 3 September 1887.
Matto de Turner, Clorinda (1902). Boreales, miniaturas y porcelanas [Northerners, Miniatures, and Porcelain] (in Spanish). J.A. Alsina. ISBN 978-1148453880.
Bedoya, Manuel (1918). Diccionario militar ilustrado [Illustrated Military Dictionary] (in Spanish). Imprenta Gloria.
Cossío del Pomar, Felipe (1939). Haya de la Torre, el indoamericano [Haya de la Torre: The Indoamerican] (in Spanish). Editorial America.
La Gesta de Lima [The Feats of Lima] (in Spanish). Ministerio de Guerra, Comisión Permanente de la Historia del Ejército del Perú. 1981.
El Ejército en la Guerra del Pacífico [The Army in the War of the Pacific] (in Spanish). Estado Mayor General del Ejército. 1982.
Arias-Schreiber Pezet, Jorge; Zanutelli Rosas, Manuel (1984). Medicos y farmaceuticos en la guerra del pacifico [Medics and Pharmacists in the War of the Pacific] (in Spanish). Comisión Nacional del Centenario de la Guerra del Pacífico.
Barros Arana, Diego (2000). Historia general de Chile: Parte novena: Organización de la república 1820 a 1833 [General History of Chile: Part Nine: Organization of the Republic 1820-1833] (in Spanish). Editorial Universitaria. ISBN 9789561117853.
Murga Castañeda, Juan (2001). Grandes Forjadores del Perú [Great Architects of Peru] (in Spanish). Lexus Editores. ISBN 9972625508.
de la Puente Candamo, José Agustín; de la Puente Brunke, José (2017). El Estado en la sombra [The State in the Shadow] (in Spanish). Lima, Peru: Fondo Editorial de la PUCP. ISBN 9786123173463.

Sources

[FOOTNOTEMurga_Castañeda200180-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Murga Castañeda 2001, p. 80.

[FOOTNOTEBarros_Arana2000113-2] Barros Arana 2000, p. 113.

[FOOTNOTEBedoya1918254-3] Bedoya 1918, p. 254.

[4] "Notas fúnebres" [Funeral Notes]. Prisma (in Spanish). No. 14–22. M. Moral. 1906. p. 29.

[FOOTNOTEMatto_de_Turner190217-5] Matto de Turner 1902, p. 17.

[:0-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Coronel Don Justiniano Borgoño". El Perú Ilustrado (in Spanish) (17). P. Bacigalupi: 5. 3 September 1887.

[FOOTNOTECossío_del_Pomar193925-7] Cossío del Pomar 1939, p. 25.

[FOOTNOTEArias-Schreiber_PezetZanutelli_Rosas115-8] Arias-Schreiber Pezet & Zanutelli Rosas, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTEEl_Ejército_en_la_Guerra_del_Pacífico1982303–304-9] El Ejército en la Guerra del Pacífico 1982, pp. 303–304.

[FOOTNOTEde_la_Puente_Candamode_la_Puente_Brunke9-10] Puente Candamo & de la Puente Brunke, p. 9.

[FOOTNOTEMurga_Castañeda200181-11] Murga Castañeda 2001, p. 81.

[12] "1921: General Borgoño". El Comercio. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2024.

[FOOTNOTELa_Gesta_de_Lima1981230-13] La Gesta de Lima 1981, p. 230.

[14] "Calle General Borgoño". Municipalidad de Miraflores. Retrieved 12 July 2024.

[15] "Trujillo: 'Alameda de los Héroes' luce deteriorada y sucia" [Trujillo: "Boulevard of Heroes" appears deteriorated and dirty]. Radio Programas del Perú (in Spanish). 19 April 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2024.

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@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 Borgoño was born on 5 September 1836 in [[Trujillo, Peru]]. His father, {{III|Pedro Antonio Borgoño|lt=Pedro Antonio Borgoño y Núñez|es}}, was born in [[Petorca]], [[Chile]];{{Sfn|Murga Castañeda|2001|p=80}} he was a veteran of the [[Peruvian War of Independence]] and reached the rank of [[brigadier general]] in the [[Peruvian Army]].{{Sfn|Barros Arana|2000|p=113}}{{Sfn|Bedoya|1918|p=254}} His mother, Manuela Castañeda y Madalengoitia, was a native of Trujillo.{{Sfn|Murga Castañeda|2001|p=80}} He had a sister named Enriqueta Borgoño de Abril.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1906 |title=Notas fúnebres |trans-title=Funeral Notes |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Prisma/XLIiAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |magazine=Prisma |publisher=M. Moral |page=29 |language=es |issue=14-22}}</ref>
-Borgoño began his education at the {{III|Colegio Seminario San Carlos y San Marcelo|es}}, a school in Trujillo, in 1847. Five years later, he finished his schooling there and took over the administration of his family's plantation in the [[Chicama Valley]].{{Sfn|Murga Castañeda|2001|p=80}} He was only sixteen when his father put him in charge of the plantation, which was called "Tulape".{{Sfn|Murga Castañeda|2001|p=80}}{{Sfn|Matto de Turner|1902|p=17}} He would remain at Tulape for four years, where he was described as an uncommonly hard worker.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=3 September 1887 |title=Coronel Don Justiniano Borgoño |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/El_Per%C3%BA_ilustrado/eaNCAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |journal=El Perú Ilustrado |language=es |publisher=P. Bacigalupi |issue=17 |pages=5-7}} </ref> He was married to Jesús Salas de la Torre Urraca.{{Sfn|Cossío del Pomar|1939|p=25}}
+Borgoño began his education at the {{III|Colegio Seminario San Carlos y San Marcelo|es}}, a school in Trujillo, in 1847. Five years later, he finished his schooling there and took over the administration of his family's plantation in the [[Chicama Valley]].{{Sfn|Murga Castañeda|2001|p=80}} He was only sixteen when his father put him in charge of the plantation, which was called "Tulape".{{Sfn|Murga Castañeda|2001|p=80}}{{Sfn|Matto de Turner|1902|p=17}} He would remain at Tulape for four years, where he was described as an uncommonly hard worker.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=3 September 1887 |title=Coronel Don Justiniano Borgoño |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/El_Per%C3%BA_ilustrado/eaNCAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |journal=El Perú Ilustrado |language=es |publisher=P. Bacigalupi |issue=17 |pages=5}} </ref> He was married to Jesús Salas de la Torre Urraca.{{Sfn|Cossío del Pomar|1939|p=25}}
 == Military career ==