The Maratha rebellion: Difference between revisions
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*'''[[Battle of Umberkhind]]:''' 600 Maratha forces defeated 20,000 Mughal troops at Umberkhind<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sorokhaibam |first=Jeneet |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji: The Maratha Warrior and His Campaign |date=2013 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |isbn=9382573496}}</ref> |
*'''[[Battle of Umberkhind]]:''' 600 Maratha forces defeated 20,000 Mughal troops at Umberkhind<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sorokhaibam |first=Jeneet |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji: The Maratha Warrior and His Campaign |date=2013 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |isbn=9382573496}}</ref> |
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*'''[[Capture of Panhala]]:''' Shivaji captured Panhala fort in 1659'''.'''<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Comprehensive Guide to General Awareness for NRA CET Exam eBook |date=25 February 2020 |publisher=Metis Eduventures pvt Limited |year=2020 |pages=51 |language=English}}</ref> |
*'''[[Capture of Panhala]]:''' Shivaji captured Panhala fort in 1659'''.'''<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Comprehensive Guide to General Awareness for NRA CET Exam eBook |date=25 February 2020 |publisher=Metis Eduventures pvt Limited |year=2020 |pages=51 |language=English}}</ref> |
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*'''[[Battle of Pavan Khind]]''': An inconclusive battle between the Marathas and the Bijapur Sultanate. |
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*[[Battle of Kolhapur]]: |
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*'''[[Battle of Chakan]]''': [[Shaista Khan]] defeated the Marathas at Chakan in 1660. |
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*[[Battle of Pavan Khind]] |
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*Battle of Chakan: |
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*'''[[Sack of Surat|Battle of Surat]]''': Shivaji sacks Surat in 1664 defeating the Mughal garrisons of Surat. |
*'''[[Sack of Surat|Battle of Surat]]''': Shivaji sacks Surat in 1664 defeating the Mughal garrisons of Surat. |
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*[[Battle of Bhupalgarh]] |
*[[Battle of Bhupalgarh]] |
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Revision as of 13:54, 18 July 2024
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[1][2]The Maratha rebellion or the Early Mughal-Maratha War was an insurgency against the Mughal Empire and Bijapur Sultanate.This uprising took place between 1644-1648 by the Marathas of Deccan region under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji with the intention of forming a separate Hindvi Swaraj (Independent Hindu State) from the Sultanates.
| The Maratha rebellion | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Mughal-Maratha Wars | |||||||||
 Map of Deccan in the Indian subcontinent | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Maratha Army |
 Mughal EmpireBijapur Sultanate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
ShivajiBaji DeshpandeTanhaji Malusare †Firangoji NarsalaHambirrao MohitePrataprao GujarKanhoji JedheBahirji NailSambhaji KavjiAnandraoNetaji PalkarMoropant Pingale |
Bijapur commanders Afzal Khan † Abdul Sayyid (WIA) Rahim Khan † Pahlawan Khan † Rustam Khan (WIA) Mughal commanders  AurangzebShaista Khan (WIA)Jai Singh IDiler KhanInayat KhanBahadur KhanUdaybhan Rathore †[3]Bahlol Khan (POW)Ibrahim Khan (POW)Ikhlas Khan (POW) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 100,000 infantry and cavalry[4] | More than 250,000 Infantry or cavalry including war elephants(possibly) | ||||||||
Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsle or Shivaji I, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the son of a former military general of Ahmednagar Sultanate, Shahaji Bhonsle[5]. Shivaji prepared a small army and started capturing the forts of Bijapur Sultanate or Adil Shahi dynasty of Deccan. Shivaji starts gaining political influence and power after the Battle of Pratapgarh in 1659.
The Battle of Surat[6] in 1664 was one of the significant event for the Marathas after the failure of Shaista Khan[7]. Aurangzeb sent an expedition under the command of Jai Singh I[8] to defeat Shivaji in 1665, after which the Battle of Purandar was fought and the Treaty of Purandar was signed by Shivaji. Following the Treaty, the Marathas had surrender their 23 captured forts to the Mughal Empire. Shivaji along with his son,Sambhaji were also taken to Agra as prisoners by the Mughals[9] but they escaped later. Although, the peace between the Marathas and Mughal Empire lasted only for five years. In 1670, Shivaji sent 12,000 soldiers under the leadership of Tanhaji Malusare to capture Sinhagad( then, Kondhana fort) where the Battle of Sinhagad[10] was fought and Marathas emerged victorious in the battle. Following the Reconquest by Shivaji, many battles such as the Battle of Vani-Dindori and Battle of Salher were fought.
Aftermath
[11]The Maratha Revolt or rebellion did not resulted as useless or wasteful for the Maratha Clan. By capturing many forts and emerging victorious in the battles, the Marathas gained control over many of the western parts of Deccan. By fulfilling his mother Jijabai's dream of Swaraj in 1674, Shivaji established the Maratha Empire and crowned himself as the first Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire[12] at fort Raigarh[13]. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ruled ruled for only six years(1674-1680), He died on 3rd April 1680. He was succeeded by his son, Chhatrapati Sambhaji.
List of battles
- Battle of Pratapgarh: Shivaji captures Pratapgarh fort killing Afzal Khan and defeating the Bijapur forces in 1659.
- Battle of Umberkhind: 600 Maratha forces defeated 20,000 Mughal troops at Umberkhind[14]
- Capture of Panhala: Shivaji captured Panhala fort in 1659.[15]
- Battle of Pavan Khind: An inconclusive battle between the Marathas and the Bijapur Sultanate.
- Battle of Chakan: Shaista Khan defeated the Marathas at Chakan in 1660.
- Battle of Surat: Shivaji sacks Surat in 1664 defeating the Mughal garrisons of Surat.
- Battle of Bhupalgarh
- Battle of Purandar: 80,000 Mughal troops under the command of Jai Singh I defeated Maratha garrisons of Purandar fort in 1665.
- Battle of Sinhagad: Maratha forces under the command of Tanaji Malusare recaptured Sinhagad (Kondhana fort) in 1670 defeating the Mughal garrisons.
- Second Sack of Surat (1670)[16]
- Battle of Salher
- Battle of Umrani
- Battle of Vani-Dindori[17]
- Battle of Sangamner
References
- ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (26 April 2020). History of Aurangzeb: Indian Histroy. Independently Published. ISBN 9798640392647.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Desai, Ranjit (2017). Shivaji: The Great Maratha. HarperPerennial. ISBN 9789352774401.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Gordon, Stewart (February 2007). The Marathas 1600-1818. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03316-9.
- ^ Kumar, Ram (28 June 2022). Great Speeches of India. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 9789355212092.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Shivaji The Great Vol. I by Dr. Balkrishna p.53
- ^ J. Ghugare, Dr. Ganesh (21 June 2021). Unbelievable Battles Moves Of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Pencil. ISBN 9789354580789.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1920). Shivaji and his Times. Longmans, Green and Company. p. 110.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124110669.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. New Dawn Press, Incorporated. p. 47. ISBN 9781932705546.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Barua, Pradip (2005). The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. p. 42. ISBN 9780803213449.
- ^ Pillai, Manu S. (3 August 2020). Rebel Sultans: The Deccan from Khilji to Shivaji. Juggernaut Publication, 2020. ISBN 9789353451066.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Ranade, Govind (1900). Rise of the Maratha Power.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Pillai, Manu S (2018). Rebel Sultans: The Deccan from Khilji to Shivaji. Jagarnaut Publication, 2020. ISBN 978-93-86228-73-4.
- ^ Sorokhaibam, Jeneet (2013). Chhatrapati Shivaji: The Maratha Warrior and His Campaign. Vij Books India Private Limited. ISBN 9382573496.
- ^ A Comprehensive Guide to General Awareness for NRA CET Exam eBook. Metis Eduventures pvt Limited. 25 February 2020. p. 51.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Burn, Sir Richard (15 May 2017). The Travels of the Abbé Carré in India and the Near East, 1672 to 1674. Taylor & Francis. pp. XXIII. ISBN 9781317013099.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (10 March 2015). History of Aurangzib. Longmans, Green and Company, 1920. p. 129.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)