Tulu language: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 08:09, 15 March 2008
| Tulu | |
|---|---|
| Tulu | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Coastal Karnataka and parts of northern Kerala. (historically known as Tulu Nadu) |
Native speakers | 1,949,000 (1997 survey)[1] |
| Kannada script, Tigalari | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | dra |
| ISO 639-3 | tcy |
Tulu is a Dravidian language of India with fewer than two million speakers, known as Tuluvas. Most Tuluvas live in the districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in the west of the state of Karnataka. It is also spoken in the Kasaragod taluk of Kerala. The original written script of the language, similar to Malayalam script, is rarely used today. It is normally written in the Kannada script now.
Geographic distribution
There are indications in a few Malayalam works that the region stretching from the Chandragiri river, now part of the Kasaragod district of Kerala, to Gokarna, now part of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, was called Tulu Nadu.[citation needed] However, the present day Tulu linguistic boundary is confined to Dakshina Kannada and the Udupi district. Northern Kasaragod, Dakshina Kannada and the Udupi district (except Kundapur) are the major Tulu cultural regions.
Tuluvas have a saying: "Oorudu nanjaanda paarad badkodu". A loose translation would be: "If it's tough at home; run away and survive". Tuluvas are true to this character and have migrated to other places in great numbers. Mumbai and Thane in Maharastra state has a sizable population of Tuluvas. Tulu is widely spoken in the Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada districts of Karnataka state. Efforts are also being made to get Tulu included in the list of national languages of India[2].
Script
19th century German missionaries used the Kannada script to transcribe Tulu works, but it soon fell out of use. Tulu is mostly written in the Kannada script since most people study Kannada in schools. Attempts are being made to revive the original script Tulu Script. Tulu Script is similar to Malayalam script
Mandara Ramayana is a modern epic written in Tulu by Mandara Keshav Bhat.
Some inscriptions in Tulu languages may be found in and around the village of Barkur.
Tulu Films
Tulu has small film industry, with an average of about one Tulu film being released in a year. These movies are played in movie theatre all around South Canara and Udupi Districts. The first Tulu film was Yenna Thangadi (My Sister) released in 1971. The latest Tulu flick is Kadala Mage (Son of the sea) released 2006. Some of the more popular films released are Koti Chennaye, Bollidota, Bisatti Babu, Adrushtavanthedi, Bangaar Patleru, and Satya Volundu.
| No. | Year | Film | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1971 | Ennatangadi | My Sister |
| 2 | Daredha budadhi | ||
| 3 | Pagetta Puge | Fumes of Revenge | |
| 4 | Bisatti Babu' | Knife Babu | |
| 5 | Koti Chennaiia | ||
| 6 | Kaasdaya Kandane | Wealthy Husband | |
| 7 | Udalda Todar | ||
| 8 | Yaan Sanyasi aape | I Will Become a Saint | |
| 9 | Bayya mallige | Dusk Jasmine | |
| 10 | Yer malthina tappu | Whose mistake was it? | |
| 11 | Saaviradorti saavithri | Saavithri - the one in a Thousand | |
| 12 | Inquilab zindabad | ||
| 13 | Tulu naada siri | The richness of Tulu land' | |
| 14 | Sangama saakshi | Proof of Union | |
| 15 | Nyaayogaad enna baduku | My life is for Justice | |
| 16 | Bollidota | ||
| 17 | Kariyani kattandi kandane | ||
| 18 | Bhagyavatemdi | Lucky lady | |
| 19 | Badkera budle | Let Live | |
| 20 | Daareda seere | ||
| 21 | Raathri pagel | Day & Night | |
| 22 | Pettayi pili | Injured Tiger | |
| 23 | Badkomji kavite | Life is a Song | |
| 24 | Satya olumdu | Where's the truth? | |
| 25 | 1991 | Bangar patler | Gold hearted Patel |
| 26 | Badk da bille | Value of Life | |
| 27 | 1993 | September 8 | The eight day of September |
| 28 | Kaala | Time | |
| 29 | Maribale | Evil Trap | |
| 30 | Omte edjast malpi | Please adjust a Bit | |
| 31 | 2005 | Suddha | The Cleansing Rites |
| 32 | 2006 | Kadala Mage | Son of the Sea |
The language
The paucity of literary works has rendered the precise dating of the origin of this language very difficult. It is considered to be the oldest Dravidian language by some scolars.
Spoken Tulu changes as we move from South to North. There is a common perception that there are only two Tulu dialects, namely Shivalli and Common. But a study of the language and pronunciation suggests there are four distinct dialects of this language: Shivalli, Jain, Common, and Tribal.
- Brahmin dialect
- Spoken by Tulu Brahmins ( Sthanika Brahmins and Shivalli Brahmins ). [3]
- Jain dialect
- Spoken by the Jains in the northern part of Tulu Nadu.
- Common dialect
- Spoken by the majority of people of Tulu Nadu; the dialect of commerce, entertainment and art.
- Tribal dialect
- Spoken by tribal people; closely resembles the Common dialect.
Tulu is not taught in schools. Schedule 8B of the Constitution of India does not recognize it as an official language.
References
See also
- Languages of India
- Madhava
- Kanakana kindi
- List of national languages of India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
- Tuluva
- Kasaragod Tulu
- Beary bashe
External links
- The Tulu Script www.yakshagana.com
- Tulu Language: Its Script and Dialects www.boloji.com
- Common Kannada, Tulu and Konkani phrases www.mangalore.com