Mangup: Difference between revisions
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The town's inexorable decline continued. In 1774 the fortress was abandoned by the Turkish garrison. The last inhabitants, a small community of [[Karaims]], abandoned the site in the 1790s. |
The town's inexorable decline continued. In 1774 the fortress was abandoned by the Turkish garrison. The last inhabitants, a small community of [[Karaims]], abandoned the site in the 1790s. |
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The noble hereditary title of Count and Countess of Mangup were awarded to the Mospak family with all rights and privy by His Holiness, Patriarch Frederick, reigning Prince of the all Holy Jerusalem Orthodox Church, Saint James Order http://yeshuainternational.com/Guest%20Sermon%203.htm. Count Andrew and Countess Anna are the current holders of title and are also recognized by Italian Court and private British Orders of St. George. The Count and Countess use the initials H.I.H. or His (Her) Illustrious Highness and are addressed as “Highness” or by ranking clergy as “Grace”. They are also the principles for the re-creation of the Order of St. Anna. http://www.imperialhouse.ru/rus/dynastyhistory/honoursaward/honours/249.htmlThe Order of St. Anna fell out of use after the fall of Czar Nicholas II. The Order of St. Anna (or "Order of Saint Ann"; Russian: Орден святой Анны) was a Holstein and then Russian order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia. The motto of the Order was "Amantibus Justitiam, Pietatem, Fidem" ("To those who love justice, piety, and fidelity"). Its festival day was 3 February. The recreation of the order aims to assist children in need, through financial contributions. The Mospak family originally derived it’s noble standing in the Imperial Russian Court under the names of Trubilov and Zaretskii http://feefhs.org/blitz/blitznob.html. Mospak being of the origins of Ruthenia. Ruthenia was a mixture of Ukrainian and Polish traditions following the Greek Catholic Church better known as Orthodoxy. The Count and Countess of Mangup are both devote Orthodox Christians. Nobility in our time may only be granted by monarchial heads of state, The Pope of Rome or Orthodox Patriarchs with the noted addition of Orthodox Bishops who are princes of the church and abbots who are heads of holy cities of Christ. (See The Ducal House of Maxalla also see The Royal and Serene House of Alabona-Ostrogojsk Patriarchs with the noted addition of Orthodox Bishops who are princes of the church and abbots who are heads of holy cities of Christ. (See The Ducal House of Maxalla also see The Royal and Serene House of Alabona-Ostrogojsk) |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 04:35, 13 April 2008
Mangup (Ukrainian: Мангуп, Russian: Мангуп, Crimean Tatar: Mangup) also known as Mangup Kale is a historic fortress in Crimea, located on a plateau about 9 miles due east of Sevastopol (ancient Chersones). In medieval times it was known as Doros, later it was given the Kipchak name Mangup (kale means fortress).
The settlement dates back to the third century CE and was fortified by Justinian I in the mid 500s. It was inhabited and governed primarily by Crimean Goths, and became the center of their autonomous principality. It was conquered by the Khazars in the early 700s and was the center of an unsuccessful Gothic revolt against Khazaria led by Bishop John of Gothia.
The principality of Doros was under Byzantine domination from the mid 800s to approximately 1000, when it fell under the influence of competing powers - Kievan Rus and the Kipchak tribal confederacy. The town was severely damaged by an earthquake in the 1000s., yet managed to maintain autonomy during the Mongol conquest of Crimea but was compelled to pay tribute to the Great Khan.
In the 1300s Mangup was the center of the Principality of Theodoro, a state closely allied with the Empire of Trebizond. The ruling dynasty, stemming from the Trapezuntine imperial house, was called Gabras (in Greek) or Chowra (in Turkish). In the late 14th century, one branch of the dynasty emigrated to Moscow, where they established the Simonov Monastery. The Khovrins, as they came to be known, were hereditary treasurers of Muscovy. In the 16th century, they changed their name to Golovin.
In 1475, Stephen III of Moldavia sent his brother-in-law, Alexander Gabras, to Mangup with the purpose of replacing a local ruler from the Gabras family, who was Alexander's own brother and vassal to the Ottomans. In May that same year, the Ottoman commander Gedik Ahmet Pasha conquered Caffa and at the end of the year, after five months of besieging Mangup, the city fell to the assaulters. While much of the rest of Crimea remained part of the Crimean Khanate, now an Ottoman vassal, former lands of Theodoro and southern Crimea was administered directly by the Sublime Porte.
The town's inexorable decline continued. In 1774 the fortress was abandoned by the Turkish garrison. The last inhabitants, a small community of Karaims, abandoned the site in the 1790s.
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